Philosophical lyrics of parsnip. Philosophical problems of the poetry of Boris Pasternak. An essay on a work on the topic: The philosophical richness of B. Pasternak’s lyrics

The peculiarity of Pasternak’s method of expressing philosophical lyrics is that they are not openly presented anywhere. In general, this is atypical for poetry, but the author has a deeply encrypted poetic subtext, hidden very subtly, almost on the line of risk. The reader should follow the path himself, starting with a poetic image and ending with a philosophical generalization, the main direction of Pasternak’s philosophical lyrics. The poet offered primary material for enhanced mental search, and he also provided directional signs using various hints. And “as if” behind the scenes is the author’s main philosophical position. In Pasternak's philosophical poetry the fundamentals of existence are interpreted, but the first place is occupied by love, which is not just a feeling, but a life principle, the fundamental principle of life. Only through love can a person understand the world. Love has an analogue in the natural world, represented by the universal interconnection of all things and phenomena. In Pasternak's philosophical poems, a large role is given to the problem of worldview, the only solution to which is the full recognition of all varieties of life. The purpose of Pasternak's poetic creativity is self-expression and dedication. He is not directly attracted by human glory: the poet should act in such a way that he can win the love of the world.

This is precisely the deep meaning of Pasternak’s philosophical poetry, which consists of the dedication of the creator and the poet. The world awaits the work of a master of words just as it awaits the work of a tiller. The poet must realize his destiny, which he has on mortal earth, and he does not have the right to deviate from his path by refusing to fulfill his role. This is a kind of fatalism in Pasternak's philosophical poetry. however, fatalism is happy, since it is provided from above. It was with philosophical lyrics that the author tried to tell readers about the external side of events, about their deep meaning; he was very worried about the accurate transmission of the essence of the life phenomena he depicted; he was very worried about the preservation of eternal moral human values ​​in real reality.

In his philosophical lyrical works, Pasternak borrowed the idea of ​​the vocation of poetry to some extent from the classics, but making generalizations, the lyricist names his poetry in a new way. It is called poetry-sponge, absorbing the whole world, so that later, after it is wrung out, people will receive their own world. She will try to open it for them. All this is the high purpose of poetry, since only the poet has special, complete, one hundred percent and at the same time primary knowledge about the world. Boris Pasternak is one of the great poet-philosophers of his era.

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Essays on literature: The philosophical richness of B. Pasternak's lyrics Among the Russian poets of the Silver Age, B. Pasternak occupies a special place. His works are distinguished by their philosophical spirit, regardless of whether he wrote about nature, or about the state of his own soul, or about complex human relationships. A penchant for a philosophical understanding of life characterizes all of B. Pasternak’s work.

He is a poet-thinker, and from his earliest poems he thinks about the essence of the world. The central category of B. Pasternak's poetic philosophy is “living life.” She is a powerful all-encompassing element that unites the human person and her environment: It seemed like the alpha and omega, - Life and I are cut the same: And all year round, in the snow, without snow, She lived like no e§o, And I called her sister . Therefore, nature in the image of B. Pasternak is not an object of description, but a living and active person. It is not the poet who meets and sees off spring or winter, admires summer thunderstorms or winter colds, wanders through shady alleys and forest paths, but all these trees and bushes, clouds and rains, winters and springs have penetrated and live inside his soul. The nature and state of the poet’s soul are fused together. This unity is felt especially vividly in the poems “The July Thunderstorm”, “There will be no one in the house...

", "Winter night". The philosophy of B. Pasternak's lyrics is determined by his constant mental effort aimed at searching for the foundations, ultimate goals and root causes: In everything I want to get to the very essence: In work, in search of a path, In heartfelt turmoil. To the essence of the past days, To their cause, To the foundations, to the roots, To the core. In many works of B.

Pasternak, relating to the most different periods of his work, the persistent desire to “get to the bottom” is palpable. Therefore, speaking about any things, he not only strives to show what they are, but also to penetrate into their nature. My friend, you ask, who orders that the holy fool’s speech be burned? In the nature of linden trees, in the nature of slabs, in the nature of summer it was to burn. This is B's typical line of thought.

Pasternak: not “the summer was hot,” but “it was in the nature of summer to burn,” that is, this is the essence of summer. And the poet constantly peers into every object, trying to penetrate deeper. Often B. Pasternak constructs a poem as a definition, conveying not only the impression of the subject, but also its concept, idea.

Some of his poems are called: “Definition of the Soul”, “Definition of Poetry”, etc. And in many of his poems such defining constructions appear, reproducing almost the style of a textbook or explanatory dictionary: Poetry, I will swear by You, and I will finish , croaking: You are not the posture of a sweet-voiced man, You are a summer with a place in the third class, You are a suburb, not a chorus. The poet is not afraid of dry conclusions. He readily derives formulas for what is depicted, examines its properties and composition, and calculates: We were in Georgia.

Let's multiply Need by tenderness, hell by heaven, Let's take the greenhouse under the ice, And we will get this region. In the late work of B. Pasternak, the subject of philosophical understanding becomes fate, as well as the relationship between man and history. A person who is the bearer of genuine moral values ​​is outwardly inconspicuous, does not live for show, but performs the feat of voluntary sacrifice, self-giving in the name of the triumph of life, existence, history. The individual person has absolute significance, but only in harmony and unity with life: Your campaign will change the terrain. Under the cast iron of your horseshoes, Blurring the wordlessness, Waves of tongues will flow. The roofs of the cities are dear, the porch of every hut, every poplar at the threshold will know you by sight. B. Pasternak had to go through terrible times: two world wars, revolutions, Stalin's terror, the devastation of the post-war years.

His words can be applied to all the years of the life and work of the outstanding poet: “And these days the air smells of death: to open a window is to open the veins.” But the poems of B. Pasternak, with their striving for the essence, with their affirmation of life and harmony, stood up to time and, by the very fact of their existence, served the revival of culture.

Among Russian poets of the 20th century, B. Pasternak occupies a special place. His poems were always distinguished by their depth of feeling, psychologism, and philosophical richness, regardless of whether he wrote about nature, about human relationships, or about the state of his own soul.

B. Pasternak had to go through terrible times: two world wars, revolutions, Stalin's terror, the devastation of the post-war years. His words can be applied to all the years of the life and work of the outstanding poet: “And these days the air smells of death: to open a window is to open the veins.”

B. Pasternak's philosophical thoughts always have a tragic sound - these are the thoughts of a lonely person. The reason for the loneliness of the lyrical hero B. Pasternak is not his pride or disdain for people. This is loneliness with a heightened sense of responsibility for life and everything around us:

I understood the purpose of life and I honor

That goal is like a goal, and this goal is

Admit that I can't bear it

Accept that it is April.

Nature is interpreted by B. Pasternak in a deeply philosophical way. It is not the poet who meets and sees off spring or winter, admires summer thunderstorms or winter colds, wanders through shady alleys and forest paths, but all these trees and bushes, clouds and rains, winters and springs have penetrated his soul and live inside it. The nature and state of the poet’s soul are fused together.

This unity is felt especially clearly in the poems “July Thunderstorm”, “There will be no one in the house...”, “Winter Night”.

The poem “Winter Night” reveals another of the central themes in the work of B. Pasternak - love. This feeling embraces the heroes of “Winter Night” with such force that the room, the house, the whole world are drawn into it. Love sweeps like a blizzard “to all its limits.” Time seems to have stopped:

It was snowy all month in February,

Every now and then

The candle was burning on the table,

The candle was burning.

When the hero of B. Pasternak's lyrics is overwhelmed by this wonderful feeling, for him “the day lasts longer than a century.”

The hero of the lyrical works seeks the truth, strives for spiritual and moral perfection in everything:

I want to reach everything

To the very essence:

At work, looking for a way,

In heartbreak.

This motif can be traced in the cycle of poems included in the novel Doctor Zhivago. In them, the poet reflects on the tragedy of the situation of Jesus Christ, who took responsibility for human sins. B. Pasternak is concerned about the tragedy of a person who feels personal responsibility for global evil. The image of Hamlet is similar to the image of Christ in B. Pasternak:

I am alone, everything is drowning in pharisaism.

Living life is not a field to cross.

As a poet-philosopher, B. Pasternak gravitates toward “eternal themes.” Nature and creativity, love and responsibility - all this is interpreted by the poet as eternal manifestations of human existence. B. Pasternak's poems amaze with the depth of their philosophical understanding of life.

Among the Russian poets of the Silver Age, B. Pasternak occupies a special place. His works are distinguished by their philosophical spirit, regardless of whether he wrote about nature, or about the state of his own soul, or about complex human relationships.

A penchant for a philosophical understanding of life characterizes all of B. Pasternak’s work. He is a poet-thinker, and from his earliest poems he thinks about the essence of the world. The central category of B. Pasternak's poetic philosophy is “living life.” She is a powerful all-encompassing element that unites the human personality and its environment:

It seemed like alpha and omega, -

Life and I have the same cut:

And all year round, in the snow, without snow,

She lived like a No e§o,

And I called her sister.

Therefore, nature in the image of B. Pasternak is not an object of description, but a living and active person. It is not the poet who meets and sees off spring or winter, admires summer thunderstorms or winter colds, wanders through shady alleys and forest paths, but all these trees and bushes, clouds and rains, winters and springs have penetrated and live inside his soul. The nature and state of the poet’s soul are fused together. This unity is felt especially clearly in the poems “July Thunderstorm”, “There will be no one in the house...”, “Winter Night”.

The philosophy of B. Pasternak's lyrics is determined by his constant mental effort aimed at searching for the foundations, ultimate goals and root causes:

I want to reach everything

To the very essence:

At work, looking for a way,

In heartbreak.

To the essence of the past days,

Until their reason,

To the foundations, to the roots,

To the core.

In many of B. Pasternak’s works, dating back to the most different periods of his work, there is a palpable persistent desire to “get to the bottom of things.” Therefore, speaking about any things, he not only strives to show what they are, but also to penetrate into their nature.

My friend, you ask who orders,

So that the holy fool's speech will be burned?

In nature there are linden trees, in nature there are slabs,

It was the nature of summer to burn.

This is a typical line of thought of B. Pasternak: not “the summer was hot,” but “it was in the nature of summer to burn,” that is, this is the essence of summer. And the poet constantly peers into every object, trying to penetrate deeper. Often B. Pasternak constructs a poem as a definition, conveying not only the impression of the subject, but also its concept, idea. Some of his poems are called: “Definition of the Soul,” “Definition of Poetry,” etc. And in many of his poems the following defining constructions appear, almost reproducing the style of a textbook or explanatory dictionary:

Poetry, I will swear

And I’ll end with you, croaking:

You are not the posture of a sweet-voiced man,

You are summer with a place in the third class,

You are a suburb, not a chorus.

The poet is not afraid of dry conclusions. He readily derives formulas for what is depicted, examines its properties and composition, and calculates:

We were in Georgia. Let's multiply

Need for tenderness, hell for heaven,

Let's take the greenhouse under the ice,

And we will get this edge.

In the late work of B. Pasternak, the subject of philosophical understanding becomes fate, as well as the relationship between man and history. A person who is the bearer of genuine moral values ​​is outwardly inconspicuous, does not live for show, but performs the feat of voluntary sacrifice, self-giving in the name of the triumph of life, existence, history. An individual personality has absolute significance, but only in harmony and unity with life:

Your trek will change the terrain.

Under the cast iron of your horseshoes,

Blurring the wordlessness

Waves of tongues will pour forth.

Dear city roofs,

Each hut has a porch,

Every poplar is at the doorstep

They will know you by sight.

B. Pasternak had to go through terrible times: two world wars, revolutions, Stalin's terror, the devastation of the post-war years. His words can be applied to all the years of the life and work of the outstanding poet: “And these days the air smells of death: to open a window is to open the veins.” But the poems of B. Pasternak, with their striving for the essence, with their affirmation of life and harmony, stood up to time and, by the very fact of their existence, served the revival of culture.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak is a poet for the thinking reader. I would say - for the reader with a thinking heart. He, as is clear, strove to “get to the very essence” in everything and, of course, from the very beginning he was not just a poet, but also a philosopher. Yes, if Pasternak had not been a philosopher, we would not have learned so many deep poetic revelations. And his prose is also the fruit of philosophical thoughts about the meaning of existence.
One of Pasternak’s cycles of poems is called “Philosophy Studies.” Even in the title one can feel the poet's peculiarity. He did not call his cycle simply “Philosophical Poems,” but exactly “classes,” that is, to understand the world in all its diversity, of course, is impossible. Man can only learn to discover it for himself. Some succeed in this to a greater extent, others less. Pasternak, as they say, with God’s help, managed to make many wonderful, sad and sometimes stunning discoveries in his life.
So, the poet was inclined to definitions rather than to proofs:
The storm burned our homeland. Do you recognize your nest, little bird?.. Oh, don’t be afraid, grown-up song! And where else should we break through? Ah, the deadly adverb “here” - Unknown to the fused shudder.
This is from the poem “The Definition of the Soul.” I am close and understandable to the essence of humanity, scorched by the storms of time, which has not lost the ability to subtly respond to nature. The soul knows that nature depends on its condition just as it depends on the condition of nature. Therefore, in Pasternak, nature is related to the human soul, and there is neither fear nor doubt that harmony will result in poetry.
Here is the philosophical definition of poetry:
This is the sweet stalled pea, These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades, This is Figaro from the consoles and flutes Falling like hail onto the garden bed.
The combination of low and high gives birth to poetry - this is the main philosophical thought of the poet. But to bring together semantic concepts that are so far behind each other into a single whole is the work of a genius. And, as we see, “Figaro” and “sweet stalled peas” find themselves in the center of the poetic universe and coexist perfectly.
Many poets have a predilection for defining their work. This basically gives rise to a lot of poems about poems that are uninteresting to the reader. In Pasternak, this theme “plays” and is capable of bewitching, like love lyrics. Here is Pasternak’s “Definition of Creativity”:
Having spread out the lapels of his shirt, Hairy like Beethoven's torso, Covers with his palm like checkers. Juice and conscience, and night, and love it.
And the last stanza:
And gardens, and ponds, and fences, And the Universe seething with white screams are just discharges of passion accumulated by the human heart.
Pasternak’s idea about the materialization of human consciousness is magnificent. Perhaps the universe is actually, to some extent, a reflection of our spiritual life. It is not for nothing that in Pasternak nature often acts like man:
The thunderstorm, like a priest, burned the lilacs and covered the eyes and clouds with sacrificial smoke. Straighten the dislocated ant with your lips.
Thus, humanized nature will give the opportunity for a dazzling manifestation of the soul - kind and fierce, gentle and indifferent. The soul of Pasternak’s lyrical hero is phenomenal in its compassion for all living things and, in general, in its love of life. His human essence senses the fragility of life on earth and the catastrophic lack of feelings of compassion.
These qualities of the soul of Pasternak’s lyrical hero determine, in my opinion, his philosophical lyrics.

Essay on literature on the topic: Philosophical motives of B. Pasternak’s lyrics

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Philosophical motives of B. Pasternak's lyrics