3 sentences with homogeneous subordination. SPP with several subordinate clauses: examples. Punctuation marks in complex sentences

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

give an idea of ​​the types of SPP

introduce the terms homogeneous, sequential, parallel subordination;

teach how to build IPS diagrams with several subordinate clauses;

introduce students to the features of punctuation in NGN with several subordinate clauses

Equipment: notebook, textbook, tests

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Handout: test

During the classes

Organizational moment, motivation

Target. Emotional mood for the lesson. Awareness of the importance of this lesson, its outcome, motivation for the final certification.

The bell rang and we were all ready for class again.
And we have order everywhere: in our heads and on the table.
We will open all the notebooks, we will take the pens in our hands.
And with a good mood, we will begin the lesson now.

Hello guys! Today in class we will continue working on complex sentences.

II. Updating previous knowledge

Teacher's word. Today in the lesson we will review the main groups of syntax according to their meaning, remember the differences between a conjunction and a conjunction word and get acquainted with new complex syntactic constructions. But we will formulate the topic of our lesson with you a little later, and we will begin the lesson with a lexical warm-up.

Lexical warm-up

What are paronyms?

Paronyms - words of the same root, similar in sound, but different in meaning.

Define paronyms: addressee - addressee, ignoramus - ignoramus, typo - unsubscribe

Destination– the one to whom a letter, telegram, parcel, etc. is addressed.

Addressee- the one who wrote the letter, telegram, parcel, etc.

Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.

Ignorant- a poorly educated person.

Misprint– an absent-minded error in a written text.

Unsubscribe- a meaningless, formal answer to something that does not affect the essence of the matter.

Test work

In which row is the same letter missing in all words?

sovereign, lock up, r_tual

p_simism, kill_speech, bring melancholy

wash_chit, reflection, accompaniment

silent, philosophical, insensitive

In which row in both words is the letter A (Z) written in place of the gap?

they look good; addressee of the letter

waving flags; they often go to concerts

hearing blows; tourists buy provisions

snowflakes ta_t; occupied the field

In which row are all words written with a hyphen?

(long)player, (half)watermelon, (chef)cook

(little) little by little, (some) who, (north)western

(yellow) red, (floor) at home, (somewhere)

(after all), (car) repair, (fruit) berry

KEY: 2,3,2

Frontal conversation

What groups are complex sentences divided into according to their meaning?

How to distinguish a conjunction from an allied word?

III.Explanation of new material.

Teacher's word. Before today's lesson, we talked about IPS, consisting of one main and one subordinate part. This form is the most typical for NGN, most common in oral and written speech.

However, in the Russian language, especially in writing styles and in the language of fiction, sentences that are more complex in form, consisting of several parts, are often found. Today we are starting to get acquainted with such proposals. So, the topic of our lesson today

Topic: Types of subordination in NGN: homogeneous subordination, sequential subordination, parallel subordination.

Place punctuation marks,

Victor asked to be a miner because he heard that this was the most honorable profession in the mine.

IPP with subordinate reasons and explanatory

Such proposals are calledSPP with CONSISTENT SUBMISSION:
the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clausefirst degree), the second - to this subordinate clause (subordinate clausesecond degree) etc.

Main offer

Subordinate clause of the 1st degree

Subordinate clause of the 2nd degree

Working with the textbook: reading the rules

So, what conjunctions may be nearby when subordinate clauses are sequentially subordinated?

What if, what although, what when, since although, since if, etc..

When is a comma placed between them?

Comma is put, if after the subordinate clauseNo THAT or SO

Punctuation marks for conjunctions

She told him that if he was sick, he needed to be treated.

She told him thato e if he is sick, That need medical help

Place punctuation marks,determine the type of subordinate clauses, draw up a sentence diagram

When we arrived, my father showed me the perch and carp that he had caught without me.

(When...), , (which...).

NGN with attributive and tense clauses

Such proposals are called SPP with PARALLEL SUBMISSION:
subordinate clauses relate to one common main clause and are different in meaning.

Place punctuation marks,determine the type of subordinate clauses, draw up a sentence diagram

I woke up when the sun had not yet risen, when nature was enveloped in pre-dawn sleep.

NGN with clauses of time

Such proposals are called SPP with HOMOGENEOUS SUBMISSION:
subordinate clauses relate to one common main clause and are identical in meaning - homogeneous

With homogeneous subordination in the second (and following) subordinate clauses, the subordinating conjunction can be omitted:

We went hiking when the rain stopped, the sun came out, and the birds began to sing.

, (When…), (…), (…).

We went hiking when the rain stopped When the sun came out When the birds began to sing.

, (when...), (when...), (when...).

Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have coordinating conjunctions, preceded by a comma in the same way as with homogeneous clauses:

You could hear the gardener walking in the garden And how his car creaked.

Sonechka wrote that the mood was heavy, But so he doesn't have to worry about them.

He's irritable And when healthy And when sick.

Place punctuation marks, make diagrams

I had to see how the lilac leaves unfurl and how it produces bluish clusters of future flowers.

We will flinch if a bird suddenly flies up or a moose trumpets in the distance.

IV. Consolidation.

Construct sentences according to schemes, determine the type of subordination

1. , (how...), (how...), (how...).

I remember well how we walked along the path, how brightly the sun shone, how I found a mushroom place. (Homogeneous submission)

2. , (when...), (to...).

It was already completely dark when we reached the camp to spend the night there. (Sequential submission)

3. (When...), , (...which...).

When I got thirsty, I bent down to the stream, in the waters of which I saw fish frolicking. (Parallel subordination)

V. Summing up the lesson. Frontal conversation.

What main types of SPPs with two or more subordinate clauses do you know?

What is the difference between homogeneous and parallel subordination?

Tell us about the features of punctuation at the “junction” of conjunctions with the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

- Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have coordinating conjunctions. How are punctuation marks used in this case?

VI. Reflection.

Write a syncwine dedicated to the topic of our lesson today.

Synquain structure

Line 1 – heading, which contains the theme of the syncwine, a keyword or concept expressed by a noun;

Line 2 – two adjectives;

Line 3 – three verbs;

Line 4 – a phrase that carries a semantic load;

Line 5 – conclusion expressed by a single noun.

SINQUAINES

Offer

Complex, unusual

I'm interested, I remember, I remember

I like to learn something new

Russian, interesting

Read, write, study

I like it

Exams

Information

New, interesting

Find out, get to know each other, work

Today I learned a lot of new things

Complex, extensive

I understand, remember, apply

There were a lot of new rules in class today

Punctuation

Peculiar, complex

I think, I remember, I reason

To put commas correctly, you need to learn the rules

Subordination

Serial, parallel, homogeneous

I reason, I search, I highlight

I like working with diagrams

Examples of syncwines written by students

VII. Homework.

Write an essay-reasoning “What do I know about SPP?”

Literature

Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language: 9th grade - M.: VAKO, 2008

Russian language: 10 real versions of tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam-2006 t- M.: Federal Testing Center, 2006

Russian language: Textbook. For 9th grade. general education Institutions/ S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov and others - 26th ed., revised. – M.: Education, 2004

Modern Russian language. Textbook for pedagogical students Institute for specialties No. 2101 “Russian language. or T." At 3. Part 3. Syntax. Punctuation/V.V. Babaytseva, L.Yu. Maksimov. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Education, 1978

Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause and among themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings, to tell you], (that the sun has risen), (that it fluttered with hot light across the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That, (who lives real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native place], (where she was born) And ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).

In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may lack a subordinating conjunction.

For example: ( If there is water) And ( there won't be a single fish in it), [I won't trust the water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies up) or ( an elk will trumpet in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the entire main clause, but answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When I have a new book in my hands), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the best examples of prose), [then we'll make sure], (that they are full of true poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called children's), the door leads into space], (where they have lunch and tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc.

For example: [ The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears.], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of subordinate parts is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the following one.

For example: Often in the fall I closely watched the falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground(Paustovsky).

With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water came down so scary], (What, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also complex sentences with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to find out), (where will the guest go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by coordinating conjunctions.

For example: I realized that I was lying in bed , that I'm sick , that I was only delirious.(Cupr.)

I envy those who spent their lives in battle , who defended a great idea.(EU)

We remember the great hour when the guns fell silent for the first time , when all the people met victory both in the cities and in every village.(Isak.)

Comma not placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting conjunction (regardless of whether there is a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word with both subordinate clauses or only with the first).

For example: I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every smallest step we take matters for our present and future life.(Ch.)

The militia brought Prince Andrei to the forest where the trucks were parked and where there was a dressing station.(L.T.)

When the rain began to fall and everything around sparkled, we followed the path... came out of the forest.(M.P.).

When repeating coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses.

For example: Everyone found out that the lady had arrived, and that Kapitonich let her in , and that she is now in the nursery...(L.T.).

Unions either... or when connecting predicative parts of a complex sentence, they are considered repeating, and homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, which is placed before or.

For example: Whether there were weddings in the city, or someone cheerfully celebrating name days, Pyotr Mikhailovich always talked about it with pleasure.(Writing).

In case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are separated or separated by commas.

For example: As soon as the heat passed, the forest began to get cold and dark so quickly that I didn’t want to stay in it.(T.)

Anyone who has not experienced the excitement of the barely audible breathing of a sleeping young woman will not understand what tenderness is. (Paust.).

With sequential and mixed subordination, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses according to the same rules as between the main and subordinate clauses.

For example: If only our wanderers could be under their own roof , if only they could know , what happened to Grisha.(Necr.)

Helen smiled with such a look , who spoke , that she did not allow the possibility , so that anyone can see her and not be admired.(L.T.)

Any , who in life fought for the happiness of being yourself , knows , that the strength and success of this struggle depend on confidence , with which the seeker goes to the goal(M.P.)

A comma is placed between two adjacent subordinating conjunctions or between a conjunctive word and a subordinating conjunction, as well as when a coordinating and subordinating conjunction meets, if the internal subordinate clause is not followed by the second part of the double conjunction this or that.

For example: The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that , When he went somewhere, the animal anxiously sniffed the air.(M.G.)

We were warned that , If If the weather is bad, the excursion will not take place.

The night is over and , When the sun rose, all nature came to life.

The removal of the second (internal) part here does not require the restructuring of the first subordinate part.

If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a complex conjunction then, so, then a comma is not placed between the preceding two conjunctions.

For example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Cor.)

I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not out-argue the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.(P.).

Removing or rearranging the subordinate clause (if he reaches out his hand through the window and if at this decisive moment I don’t argue with the old man) is impossible, since parts of the double conjunction something will be nearby.

Dash in a complex sentence

Between the subordinate part (group of subordinate clauses) and the subsequent main part of the sentence Maybeput a dash , if a subordinate clause or a group of subordinate clauses preceding the main clause is pronounced with logical emphasis on an informatively important word and with a deep pause before the main part (usually this is how subordinate explanatory clauses are distinguished, less often - conditional, concessive, etc.).

For example: Where did Nelidova go?- Natasha didn’t know(Paust.); And if you look at them for a long time– the rocks began to move and crumble(Ast.); Did he call them, did they come on their own?– Nejdanov never found out...(T.).

A dash is placed also between the subordinate and main parts in similarly constructed parallel complex sentences.

For example: He who is cheerful laughs, he who wants will achieve it, he who seeks will always find!(OK.).

A dash is placed after the subordinate clause standing before the main clause, if it contains the words this, here, and also if the subordinate clause is an incomplete sentence.

For example: That she is an honest person is clear to me.(T.)

What he found in her is his business.

Where is he now, what is he doing - these are the questions that I could not answer.

I answered something that - I don’t know myself(compare full - what did I answer).

A dash is placed between subordinate clauses in the absence of an adversative conjunction or the second part of a comparative conjunction between them.

For example: Artistry is so that every word is not only in place - so that it is necessary, inevitable and so that there are as few words as possible(Black).

A dash is placed to clarify the nature of the subordinate clause.

For example: Only once did she perk up - when Mika told her that ditties were sung at yesterday's wedding.(R. Zernova)

A dash is placed to enhance the interrogative nature of the sentence while emphasizing the unusual location of the subordinate part before the main one or the intonation separation of the main part from the subsequent subordinate clause.

For example: What is influence?- You know?; Are you sure – is this necessary?

A dash is also placed when there are an abundance of commas, against which the dash acts as a more expressive sign.

For example: But we gained experience , and for the experience , as the saying goes , no matter how much you pay, you won’t overpay.

Comma and dash in a complex sentence

Comma And dash as a single punctuation mark, they are placed in a complex sentence before the main part, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate parts, if the breakdown of the complex sentence into two parts with a long pause before the main part is emphasized.

For example: Wherever I am, whatever I try to have fun with , – all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.(Cupr.)

Who is to blame and who is right? , - It’s not for us to judge.(Kr.)

The same sign is also placed before a word repeated in the same part of a sentence in order to connect with it a new sentence or the next part of the same sentence.

For example: I knew very well that it was my husband, not some new person unknown to me, but a good man , - my husband, whom I knew as myself.(L.T.)

And the idea that he can be guided by this interest, that in order to sell this forest he will seek reconciliation with his wife , – this thought offended him.(L.T.)

A dash is placed after the comma that closes the subordinate clause, including before the word this.

For example: The best he could do , - leave on time; The only thing I like here , - This is an old shady park.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [Look at the pale green sky strewn with stars,(on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot),and you will understand], (why is the warm summer air still?), (Why nature on guard) (A. Chekhov).

[...noun, ( on which…), And verb], ( Why…), (Why…).

(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand, answer the question What?, are joined by the conjunction word why)).

2) [Any Human knows], (what should he do?, (what separates him from people), otherwise), (what connects him to them) (L. Tolstoy).

[...verb], ( What…., (What…), otherwise), (What…).

(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows, answers the question What?, joins by union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which (That)?, is added by a conjunctive word What).

Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses are complex sentences in which two or more subordinate clauses refer to the same word or to the entire main clause.

Examples of complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: You will look at the cloudless sky and understand why the summer air is still, why nature is calm. By all signs it was clear that it would soon be dawn, that the sun would soon come out.

Important! If in a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination there are conjunctions between homogeneous subordinate clauses and, or, then there is no comma between them. For example: He knew why he should leave and why he should return.

Subordination in complex sentences

Subordination is the subordination in a complex sentence of two or more subordinate clauses to the same main clause. There are homogeneous and heterogeneous subordination.

Type of subordinate clauses	Rule	Examples
Homogeneous subordinate clauses	Subordinate clauses refer to one word (main clause)	She liked it when the evening twilight fell on the city, when the lanterns were lit on the streets(she liked(What?) when they went downwhen they were lit). A person cannot play the piano well if he has no hearing, if he cannot distinguish tones(will not be able to play(Why?) if there is no hearing, if he cannot distinguish).
Heterogeneous subordinate clauses	Subordinate clauses refer to different words of the main part (different sentences in a complex sentence) or answer different questions.	If you read this book, you will be convinced that the main character resembles the characters of Dostoevsky(you'll be sure(under what condition?) if you read it; you'll be convinced(in what?) what the hero resembles). The man asked the information desk when the train was arriving and sat down on a bench where the platform was clearly visible(specified(What?) when he arrives; sat down(Where?) where it was clearly visible).

Important! Within the same sentence, both homogeneous and heterogeneous subordination can be used. For example: In the clearing where we stopped and where we decided to stay overnight, there were a lot of strawberries growing, which were just beginning to turn pink (where we stopped And where did you decide to stay for the night?– homogeneous subordinate clauses; where we stopped And which was just starting to turn pink- heterogeneous subordinate clauses).

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three main groups: with homogeneous, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential subordination.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination:

all subordinate clauses refer to the same main sentence or to the same word in the main sentence (if the subordinate clauses do not extend the entire main sentence, but one of its words);

subordinate clauses answer the same question, that is, they are subordinate clauses of the same type;

subordinate clauses are connected with each other using coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (with the meaning of enumeration), just as homogeneous members are connected with each other.

The boys, quiet, looked after the truck, / 1 until he drove past the intersection, / 2 until the dust he raised cleared away, / 3 until he himself became a cloud of dust/ 4 (Zhukhovitsky).

1 , (Bye- conjunction) 2, ( Bye- conjunction) 3 , ( Bye- union 4.

Complex sentence; consists of four simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause and answer the same question - until when? Each subordinate clause is associated with the main conjunction while. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

The vertical scheme (a scheme that reflects not the arrangement of simple sentences within a complex one, but their dependence) will be as follows:

1
↓
(Bye- conjunction) 2, ( Bye- conjunction) 3 , ( Bye- union) 4

My father told me / 1 that he had never seen such bread / 2 And / that this year's harvest is excellent/ 3 (Aksakov).

[ch.] 1, ( What- conjunction) 2 and ( What- conjunction) 3 .

Complex sentence; consists of three simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are additional clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one word (predicate said, expressed by a verb) in the main sentence, answer the same question - what? Each subordinate clause is connected with the main conjunction that. Subordinate clauses are connected to each other by the connecting conjunction and. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

The vertical diagram of a complex sentence will be as follows:

1
↓
(What- union) 2 And (What- union) 3

Note!

1) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause by the same conjunction, then this conjunction may be omitted in one or more subordinate clauses (but the conjunction is easy to restore).

Wed: Shatsky saw/ 1 /2 and / the sailors spent a long time, interfering with each other, pulling it up on hoists/ 3 (Paustovsky). - Shatsky saw/ 1 how the last boat returned to the ship/2 and / how the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled it up on hoists / 3 .

2) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting or disjunctive conjunction (and, yes in the meaning of “and”, or, or), then a comma is not placed between the subordinate clauses.

my father said me that he has never seen such bread and that this year’s harvest is excellent(Aksakov); He emphatically stated that we must get out of his house immediately or he will call the police(Grigoriev) - the conjunction that before the second subordinate clause is omitted, but can be restored ( He emphatically stated that we must get out of his house immediately or that he would call the police).

3) For repeated coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses.

While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them, and how they found themselves surrounded, and as a squad managed to get through to their own.

4) The conjunctions whether... or are considered to be repeated (in this case or can be replaced by whether), and homogeneous clauses connected by these conjunctions are separated by a comma.

Wed: It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or was about to rise moon(Chekhov). - It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, whether the moon was about to rise.

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:

all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause;

subordinate clauses answer different questions, that is, they are different types of subordinate clauses.

Subordinate clauses that have the same meaning but refer to different words in the common main clause will also be heterogeneous (parallel).

/ 1 Yegorushka strained his vision, / 2 / 3 (Chekhov).

(When- conjunction) 1 , 2 , ( to- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The second sentence is main, the first and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses relate to the same main clause, but answer different questions (cf.: [When?] As he pulled into the backyard, / 1 / 2 ; Yegorushka strained his vision[why?], / 2 to get a better look at it/ 3). These are different types of clauses: when he pulled up to the backyard- subordinate tense; to get a better look at it- subordinate clause of purpose.

2
↓ ↓
(When- union) 1 ( to- union) 3

It is necessary to take into account Wednesday, / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2 / 3 (Mayakovsky).

[noun] 1, ( wherein- union. next) 2 , ( to- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, but the first subordinate clause (second simple clause) refers to one word - environment, expressed by a noun; the second subordinate clause (third simple clause) refers to the entire main clause. Subordinate clauses answer different questions (cf.: It is necessary to take into account Wednesday [which one?], / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2; The environment must be taken into account[why?], / 1 so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance / 3). These are different types of clauses: wherein a poetic work develops- subordinate clause; so that a word alien to this environment does not appear accidentally- subordinate clause of purpose.

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[noun ] 1
↓ ↓
(wherein- union. next) 2 ( to- union) 3

I asked his, / 1 Why he has gone so far from fanzia, / 2 And said, / 1 that you were worried about him/ 3 (Arsenyev).

[ ch., ( Why- union. next) 2, ch.] 1, ( What- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses relate to one main clause and answer questions of indirect cases (cf.: I asked his[about what?], / 1 Why he's gone so far from fanzia / 2 ; I asked him and said [what?], / 1 that you were worried about him/ 3). These are the same types of clauses - additional clauses. But these subordinate clauses refer to different words within the main sentence: the first subordinate clause (second simple sentence) refers to the predicate asked expressed by a verb; the second subordinate clause (third simple sentence) refers to the predicate said, also expressed by a verb. Therefore, these subordinate clauses are heterogeneous (parallel).

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[Ch. ch.] 1
↓ ↓
(Why- union. next) 2 ( What- union) 3

3. In complex sentences with sequential subordination the main clause is subordinated to one subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), and this subordinate clause is subordinated to another subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree), etc. Thus, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree is the main clause for the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree, etc.

I heard, / 1 how Gaidar cleaned the pot with sand and scolded his for that, / 2 that his pen fell off/ 3 (Paustovsky).

[ch.] 1, ( How- union ch. + uk. next) 2 , ( What- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause of the first degree (second simple sentence) refers to the first (main) sentence, namely to the predicate heard expressed by a verb; a subordinate clause of the second degree (third simple sentence) refers to a subordinate clause of the first degree (second simple sentence), namely, to the predicate scolded expressed by a verb.

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[ch.] 1
↓
(How- union ch. + uk. next) 2
↓
(What- union) 3

Note!

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may appear inside another subordinate clause. At the same time, at the junction of these subordinate clauses, two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word may appear next to each other.

The maid was an orphan,/ 1 which , / 2 to feed, / 3 should have entered the service / 2 (L. Tolstoy).

[noun ] 1, (which is a conjunction, 2 (so that is a conjunction...), 3...) 2.

[noun ] 1
↓
(which- union. next) 2
↓
(to- union) 3

Nearby are the conjunction word which and the conjunction so. They refer to different subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree - who was supposed to enter service; subordinate clause of the 2nd degree - to feed. A subordinate clause of the 2nd degree is located inside a subordinate clause of the 1st degree, and a subordinate clause of the 2nd degree can be removed from a complex sentence without damage or placed after a subordinate clause of the 1st degree, cf.: The maid was an orphan who had to enter service; The maid was an orphan who had to enter service in order to feed. There is a comma between the conjunction word which and the conjunction so, which belong to different subordinate clauses.

Thus, when two subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word) meet, comma between them is put, if the removal of the second subordinate clause does not require the restructuring of the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double conjunction does not follow - then, so, but).

Comma at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions (or a conjunction and a conjunctive word) not placed in the event that the second subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the entire complex sentence (in this case, what follows is the second part of the double conjunction - then, so, but).

I'm holding bet, / 1 what / 2 / 3 That/ 2 (Leskov).

[noun ] 1 , ( What- union 2 ( If- union...), 3 then...) 2 .

[noun ] 1
↓
(What- union) 2
↓
(if... then- union) 3

The main clause in this sentence is: I bet/ 1, as well as two successively connected subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree: something... he'll stay here for three more days/ 2, inside which there is a subordinate clause of the second degree: if you give this to the Duke/ 3 (cf.: I bet that... then he will stay here for three more days; he will stay here for three more days if you give this to the Duke). At the junction of subordinate clauses of the 1st degree and the 2nd degree there are two subordinating conjunctions what and if. However, a comma is not placed between them, since it is impossible to remove a subordinate clause of the second degree without changing the subordinate clause of the first degree, cf.: I bet, / 1 that he will stay here for three more days/ 2 . This is prevented by the second part of the double conditional conjunction if...then, which is in the main clause for the conditional clause - the subordinate clause of the first degree: he will stay here for three more days. If this second part (then) is removed, then at the junction of the conjunctions what and if it will be necessary to put a comma, cf.: I bet/ 1 what , / 2 if you give this to the Duke, / 3 he will stay here for three more days / 2 .

In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses it is possible combinations of connections: there can be both homogeneous and consistent subordination; parallel and serial, etc. Therefore, when analyzing and arranging punctuation marks, one should not strive to immediately draw up a general scheme or immediately place punctuation marks.

The following analysis algorithm seems to be the most optimal:

1. Establish the total number of simple sentences in a complex sentence, highlighting all grammatical bases.
2. Highlight all subordinating means of communication (subordinating conjunctions and allied words); Based on this, establish the main clause and subordinate clauses.
3. For each subordinate clause, establish the main clause, that is, break the complex sentence into pairs: main - subordinate clause.
4. Construct a vertical diagram of a complex sentence, and on this basis determine the nature of the subordination of subordinate clauses (uniform, parallel, sequential subordination).
5. Build a horizontal diagram and place punctuation marks on this basis.

The bet is that if your master stays here for three days, then without any excuses you must carry out what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order you give me.(Leskov).

This complex sentence contains 7 simple sentences:

Bet is that / 1 what / 2 if your lord stays here for three days / 3 then you have no excuses must fulfill That / 2 What I will tell you/ 4 a / if he doesn't stay / 5 then I will fulfill any order / 6 which will you give it to me/ 7 (Leskov).

1) bet is that;
2) something... you without any excuses must fulfill That ;
3) if your master stays here for three days;
4) What I will tell you ;
5) if he doesn't stay;
6) then I will fulfill any order;
7) which you will give it to me.

First sentence ( the bet is) is the main thing, the rest are subordinate clauses. The question is raised only by the sixth simple sentence ( then I will fulfill any order ).

This complex sentence can be divided into the following pairs of complex sentences:

1→2: bet is that, something... you without any excuses must fulfill That ;
2→3: you without any excuses must fulfill That if your lord stays here for three days;
2→4: you without any excuses must fulfill That what will I tell you;
6→5: I will fulfill any order if he doesn't stay;
6→7: I will fulfill any order, which you will give it to me.

It is still difficult to determine what type of sentence the sixth sentence belongs to. In this case, you should pay attention to the coordinating conjunction a. A coordinating conjunction, unlike a subordinating conjunction, in a complex sentence consisting of three or more simple sentences may not appear before the sentence to which it refers. Therefore, it is necessary to find out which simple sentences are connected by this adversative conjunction. To do this, you need to remove all simple sentences, leaving only those that contain opposition. These are sentences 2 and 6, cf.: you without any excuses must fulfill then, and I will carry out any order. But sentence 2 is a subordinate clause. Therefore, sentence 6, connected to sentence 2 by a coordinating conjunction, must also be a subordinate clause. This can be checked by inserting the same conjunction that sentence 2 has, and connecting sentence 6 with the same main one on which sentence 2 depends, cf.: bet thing is I will carry out any order. This means that sentences 2 and 6 are homogeneous subordinate clauses, only the conjunction that in sentence 6 is omitted (1→6).

Based on the data obtained, we can construct a vertical diagram of this complex sentence:

[Ch. + uk. next] 1
↓
(What- union ch. + uk. next) 2, and (- noun + adjective) 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
(if... then- conjunction) 3 ( What- union. next) 4 ( if... then- union) 5 ( which- union. next) 7

Thus, this sentence is complex, in which the subordinate clauses are connected homogeneously (sentences 2 and 6), in parallel (sentences 3 and 4, sentences 5 and 7), and also sequentially (sentences 2 and 3; 2 and 4, 6 and 5, 6 and 7).

To place punctuation marks, it is necessary to mark the boundaries of simple sentences, paying special attention to the possible combination of several conjunctions at the border of sentences, and also to construct a horizontal sentence diagram.

[Ch. + uk. next] 1 , ( What- union ( If- conjunction) 3, That Ch. + uk. next) 2 , ( What- conjunction next) 4, A (If- conjunction) 5, ( That noun + uk. next) 6 , ( which- union. next) 7 .

In this sentence there is a combination of subordinating conjunctions at the junction of sentences 2 and 3 (what if). In addition, the coordinating conjunction a, which refers to sentence 6, comes before sentence 5, forming a combination of conjunctions with the subordinating conjunction if (and if). According to the general rules, they should be separated by commas, but then follows the second part of the double conjunction if... then. It is this second part of the conjunction that does not make it possible to remove conditional clauses without changing the structure of the sentences as a whole, cf.: The bet is that... you must do this without any excuses; otherwise... then I will carry out any order. That is why a comma is not placed at the junction of these conjunctions.

So, the punctuation marks in the sentence should be arranged as follows:

The bet is that if your master stays here for three days, then without any excuses you must do what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order you give me (Leskov).

Plan for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Indicate the type of complex sentence (complex sentence).
2. Name the main clause and subordinate clauses (highlight grammatical bases).
3. Indicate how subordinate clauses are related to the main clause (sequential, parallel, homogeneous subordination).
4. Parse each subordinate clause according to plan.
5. Construct vertical and horizontal sentence diagrams.

Sample parsing

Participates in the adventures of Baron Munchausen runner, / 1 which, / 2 so as not to run too fast, / 3 ties pound weights to his feet/ 2 (Soloukhin).

The sentence is complex; consists of three parts; sentence 1 - main; sentences 2 and 3 are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are connected to the main clause sequentially.

The subordinate clause of the first degree (sentence 2) refers to the main one (sentence 1). This is a subordinate clause; it refers to the subject runner expressed by a noun, a means of communication is a conjunctive word which; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

The second degree clause (sentence 3) refers to the first degree clause (sentence 2). This is a clause of purpose; it relates to everything important, the means of communication is the union to; the subordinate clause stands in the middle of the main clause.

[noun] 1
def. ↓
(which- union. next) 2
goals ↓
(to- union) 3

[noun] 1 , ( which- union. words, ( to- conjunction) 3 ,) 2 .
def. goals

Difficult sentence - this is a sentence with two or more predicative stems, and simple sentences as part of a complex sentence form a semantic and intonational whole.

Main types of complex sentences.

Complex sentences are divided into allied and non-unionized.

Conjunctive sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex sentences.

Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences:

compound, compound and non-union.

Complex sentence (SSP) simple sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions and intonation. In BSC, simple sentences have equal rights.	Night fell and the lights came on in the houses.
Complex sentence (SPP) simple sentences are connected by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. In NGN, one simple sentence (subordinate clause) depends on another (main clause).	As night fell, lights came on in the houses.
Non-union proposal (BSP) simple sentences are connected without conjunctions, using intonation.	Night fell, lights came on in the houses.

Compound sentences are:

Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

Note: Sometimes a dash is placed between parts of a complex sentence before the conjunction And if the sentence contains a sharp contrast or a rapid change of events.

Here the north, driving up the clouds, breathed, howled - and here comes the sorceress winter herself (A.S. Pushkin).

Complex sentence.

Features of SPP:

SPP structure:

Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses.

According to the nature of the subordination of several subordinate clauses, they are divided into three types:
- subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination;
- subordinate clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
- subordinate clauses with sequential subordination.

Subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination. Peculiarities : 2) answer the same question; 3) are connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without any conjunction. Example: He was glad that the holiday was a success, that the guests were happy, that they were having fun with all their might. Explanations: 1) all three subordinate clauses relate to the main clause He was happy: He was happy (what?) that the holiday was a success. He was happy (what?) that the guests were happy. He was happy (what?) that they were having fun with all their might. 2) all subordinate clauses answer the same question why? 3) they are connected with the main sentence by the same conjunction What. These are the same type of subordinate clauses.

Subordinate clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination Peculiarities : 1) refer to the same main sentence; BUT! 2) answer different questions - that is, they are subordinate clauses of different types. Example: If you look at the moon through a telescope, you can see that it has a very peculiar surface. Explanations: 1) both subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause can see; BUT! 2) the first subordinate clause answers the question under what condition? Second - to the question What? That is, they answer different questions. These are different types of subordinate clauses, although they relate to the same main clause.

Subordinate clauses with sequential subordination Peculiarities : 1) the main clause is subordinated to one subordinate clause; 2) this subordinate clause, in turn, is subordinate to the next subordinate clause - thus, the first subordinate clause is the main one for the next one. Example: The boy stood under the canopy and watched the streams run towards the puddle that was growing before his eyes. Explanation: To the main sentence The boy stood under the canopy and looked Only one subordinate clause applies: how streams run towards a puddle. And the next subordinate clause ( which grew before our eyes) is no longer connected in any way with the main clause, refers to the previous subordinate clause, which is the main clause for it: Streams run to a puddle (which one?) that grew before our eyes.

NOTE: complex sentences with combined subordination are often found: homogeneous + parallel, homogeneous + sequential, sequential + parallel, etc. Therefore, be careful when analyzing the offer.

Punctuation marks in NGN.

A comma is placed between the main and subordinate clauses. If the subordinate clause is in the middle, then it is separated by commas on both sides. Subordinate clauses are also separated from each other by commas. Grandfather said that spring will be warm. Grandfather said that spring would be warm and smiled. Grandfather said that the spring would be as warm as last year, when the crops sprouted earlier than the villagers expected.

Exception. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating conjunctions AND, OR, then a comma is not placed between them: Grandfather said that the spring would be warm and that the harvest would be rich.

Exercise. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write his number.

(1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Let's highlight the basics: (1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Proposition No. 3 is simple. Let's exclude him. We determine the boundaries of the sentences and see how the bases are connected: (1) [As a child, I hated matinees] (because my father came to our kindergarten). (2) [He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody], and [our teacher sternly told him]: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (4) [He was small, plump, began to go bald early], and, (although he never drank), [for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown]. (5) [Children (when they wanted to say about someone) (that he was funny and ugly), they said this]: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!” The first sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (why did I hate matinees? Because my father came). The second sentence is a compound sentence with direct speech. The fourth sentence is complex with a coordinating connection (conjunction and) and a subordinating connection (clause although...). The fifth sentence is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses and direct speech. The first subordinate clause is time (the children said when? when they wanted to talk about someone); the second subordinate clause is explanatory (they wanted to say something about someone? that he is funny and ugly). Thus, the correct answer is sentence #5.

Among sentences 1 - 9, find a complex sentence that contains a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.

(1) It is not difficult to imagine what was going on at that moment in the soul of the commander: he, who had taken upon himself the unbearable burden of a shameful retreat, was deprived of the glory of a victorious battle. (2) ...Barclay's traveling carriage stopped at one of the post stations near Vladimir. (3) He headed towards the stationmaster’s house, but his path was blocked by a huge crowd. (4) Insulting shouts and threats were heard. (5) Barclay’s adjutant had to draw his saber to pave the way to the carriage. (6) What consoled the old soldier, upon whom the unjust anger of the crowd fell? (7) Perhaps faith in the correctness of one’s decision: it is this faith that gives a person the strength to go to the end, even if he has to alone. (8) And perhaps Barclay was consoled by hope. (9) The hope that someday dispassionate time will reward everyone according to their deserts and the fair court of history will certainly acquit the old warrior who gloomily rides in a carriage past a roaring crowd and swallows bitter tears.

Among sentences 1 - 10, find a complex sentence that includes subordinate clause(s). Write the number(s) for this sentence.

(1) No matter how hard I tried, I could not imagine that there once were houses here, noisy children running, apple trees growing, women drying clothes... (2) No sign of the former life! (3) Nothing! (4) Only the sad feather grass mournfully swayed its stems and the dying river barely moved among the reeds... (5) I suddenly felt scared, as if the earth had become exposed beneath me and I found myself on the edge of a bottomless abyss. (6) It can’t be! (7) Does man really have nothing to oppose to this dull, indifferent eternity? (8) In the evening I cooked fish soup. (9) Mishka was throwing wood on the fire and reaching into the pot with his cyclopean spoon to take a sample. (10) Shadows moved timidly next to us, and it seemed to me that people who had once lived here timidly came here from the past to warm themselves by the fire and talk about their lives.

Among sentences 1 - 11, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) An old man in a naval uniform was sitting on the river bank. (2) The last pre-autumn dragonflies fluttered over him, some sat on worn epaulettes, breathed and fluttered when the man occasionally moved. (3) He felt stuffy, he relaxed his long-unbuttoned collar with his hand and froze, peering with teary eyes into the palms of the small waves patting the river. (4) What did he see now in this shallow water? (5) What was he thinking about? (6) Until recently, he still knew that he had won great victories, that he had managed to break out of the captivity of old theories and discovered new laws of naval combat, that he had created more than one invincible squadron, and trained many glorious commanders and crews of warships.