Table of ranks 1722 definition. System of military ranks in the Russian Imperial Army. List of sources used

The idea of ​​​​creating such a document belonged to Peter 1 himself, who not only gave the order, but also took a personal part in its preparation. Similar documents from the leading world powers (France, Sweden, Prussia and Denmark) were taken as a basis. Based on them, the commission created a draft, which was sent to the Emperor for signing. Peter personally edited the draft and ordered it to be submitted to the Senate, the Military Collegium and the Admiralty Collegium. The document was reviewed, certain amendments were made to it, but during the final consideration Peter did not accept them, but left the document in its original form.

Contents of the table of ranks of Tsarist Russia

The table of ranks is a detailed description of all existing ranks. At the beginning there is a table in which all ranks are described and divided according to classes and ranks. After the tables there is a description of salaries, the procedure for assigning a rank and its inheritance, as well as much more, up to the correct address to an official of a particular rank.

All ranks in the table were divided into three types - court, military and civil - which were grouped according to type and then distributed by class. There were 14 classes in total, from highest to lowest. The higher the class (rank), the more privileges the official had. A total of 263 positions were described, but later some of them were abolished.

It is worth noting that the ranks were not simply described, but compared with each other. A state councilor (civil service) was equal in rights to a captain-commander or brigadier (military service). The remaining ranks were described in a similar way, but military ranks always had a slight advantage over civilians and were more likely to climb the career ladder.

The document also described court ranks that were given not only to men, but also to women.

The meaning of the table of ranks

The document was created in order to systematize and streamline the civil service and make the assignment of ranks and titles simpler and clearer.

The appearance of such a document significantly simplified the civil service and made it more transparent. The old Russian ranks were described in the report card, but they were no longer given, which meant that Russia was finally freed from the structure and order of Muscovite Rus' and switched to a new type of government.

However, the most important significance of such a report card in 1722 was that now the chances of obtaining a title and promotion no longer depended solely on the nobility of the family. A person’s personal service now stood higher than the nobility of his parents, and this completely changed the usual order accepted in Rus'. Now not only a noble person, but also a commoner could achieve success, and his children and grandchildren had a chance to later receive a noble title, especially with regard to military service. Nobles were now divided into hereditary (noble families) and personal (those who rose to the title of nobility).

The table of ranks of Peter 1 also finally divided the entire service into military, civil and court, which was not the case before.

In modern Russia there is a similar document.

Untitled document

Table of ranks (“Table of ranks of all military, civil and court ranks”) - a law on the order of public service in the Russian Empire (ratio of ranks by seniority, sequence of ranks) - was approved on January 24, 1722 (February 4, new style) Emperor Peter I. It [the “report card” was then feminine] existed with numerous changes until the revolution of 1917 and not only left its legal imprint on the state life of tsarist Russia, but also became a comprehensive background for any everyday, cultural and folklore manifestations.

“He was a titular adviser, She is the general’s daughter. He timidly declared his love, She drove him away. The titular adviser left And drank out of grief all night - And the general’s daughter rushed about in a wine mist Before him...”

The drama (and perhaps even the personal tragedy) sounding in this popular romance by P.I. may be completely unclear to the modern reader. Weinberg, but in the 19th century everything was crystal clear to any Russian: a person of non-noble origin could, through his labor, earn the rank of titular councilor, which gave the right to personal nobility. Receiving this rank as a simple tradesman seemed to open a window to inaccessible, previously unknown heights, became a reason for pride and self-respect... but at the same time hung like an impenetrable granite ceiling over the “little man” who had barely soared.

The fact is that the next highest rank of collegiate assessor gave the right to hereditary nobility, which is why there was an invisible barrier on the way to it, which was extremely difficult for a common official to overcome. The nobility was wary of being overly replenished at the expense of non-nobles. Most titular councilors remained in this rank forever, not counting on more; they were called “eternal titular advisers”, “titulars”, and the notorious “general’s daughter” remained an unattainable celestial being, a special person of at least the fourth class.

By the way, titular advisers were Gogol’s Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin, and old Marmeladov from Crime and Punishment, and A.S. Before his promotion to chamber cadet, Pushkin also vegetated in titles.

Below is the full article Yu.A. Trambitsky, which is currently the most complete compilation of information on the “Table of Ranks” from different years of its existence.

Table of ranks

Recently, the number of works devoted to our historical past has sharply increased. Terms and concepts associated with ranks, ranks and titles that existed in pre-revolutionary Russia flashed on the pages of magazines and newspapers. Some of them, found in publications of documents from the past, baffle even experienced historians. At the same time, the literature on these issues is extremely poor and sparse. With this article we will try to prevent possible questions from readers who are fans of military history.

On January 24, 1722, Peter I approved the Law on the procedure for civil service in the Russian Empire (ranks by seniority and sequence of ranks). The preparation of this law, the “Table of Ranks,” began back in 1719 and was a natural continuation of the reform activities of Peter I, as a result of which the number of positions in the army and state apparatus increased. The Table of Ranks was based on similar acts that already existed in Western European countries, especially in Denmark and Prussia. When developing the law, the ranks that already existed in Russia were also taken into account. In addition to the table itself, the “Table of Ranks” had eighteen more points of explanatory text and establishing penalties for its violation. All ranks of the “Table of Ranks” were divided into three types: military, state (civilian) and courtiers and were divided into fourteen classes. It is interesting that the law did not explain in any way the very concept of “rank”, due to which some historians considered the latter literally and only in the system of rank production, while others - as one or another position. In our opinion, the “Table of Ranks” included both concepts. Gradually, positions are excluded from the “Table of Ranks” [Petrine’s “Table of Ranks” numbered 262 positions] and at the end of the 18th century they disappear altogether.

Petrovskaya "Table", determining the place in the hierarchy of the civil service, to some extent provided an opportunity for talented people from the lower classes to advance. “So that those who are willing to apply for service and receive honor, and not receive impudent and parasites,” read one of the descriptive articles of the law. However, as the “Table” was established in the state structure, the rank increasingly became an object of veneration, which hampered any democratic processes in the country. Let us remember Griboyedov’s lines: “I would be glad to serve, but listening is sickening...”, let us remember the heroes of Chekhov’s stories. The French aristocrat Marquis de Custine, who visited Nicholas Russia, was struck by the cult of rank, defining it as “galvanism, giving the appearance of life to bodies and souls, this,” he wrote, “is the only passion that replaces all human passions. Rank is a nation formed into regiments and battalions, a military regime applied to society as a whole and even to classes that have nothing to do with military affairs." A characteristic manifestation of veneration was also the form of address - title, which was established in the second half of the 18th century. Thus, persons who had the ranks of the 1st and 2nd classes were titled “Your Excellency”, those of the 3rd and 4th classes - “Your Excellency”, the 5th - “Your Excellency”, the 6th - 8- th - "Your Honor" and, finally, 9th-14th grades - "Your Honor." Officials who had the family title of count or prince were addressed by their subordinates using the form “Your Excellency.” Another was the form of address by senior ranks to their subordinates. They used the rank and surname (“Captain Ivanov”), adding, if necessary, a princely or count title (“Lieutenant Prince Obolensky”).

Military ranks, which existed long before the adoption of the Table of Ranks and were reflected in the military regulations of 1698 and 1716, were finally formalized by the law of 1722. Initially, military ranks consisted of four categories: ground forces, guards, artillery troops and navy. Military ranks were declared superior to their corresponding civil and even court ranks. Such seniority gave an advantage to military ranks in the main thing - the transition to the upper nobility. Already the 14th class of the "Table" of military ranks (Fendrik, from 1730 - ensign) gave the right to hereditary nobility (in the civil service, hereditary nobility was acquired by the rank of the 8th class - collegiate assessor, and the rank of collegiate registrar - 14th class , gave the right only to personal nobility).

With the intensification of the crisis of the feudal system in Russia, the autocracy is making attempts to limit access to the nobility. These issues were discussed in numerous so-called secret committees. The Secret Committee had already prepared a bill on “December 6, 1826” protecting the class of nobles from the influx of commoners into it. This bill, although with a delay and some changes, was formalized by the Manifesto on June 11, 1845. According to this law, hereditary nobility was acquired with the promotion of an officer to the rank of staff officer (8th class). [Civil ranks from the 14th to the 10th grade received personal honorary citizenship, from the 6th grade - personal nobility, from the 5th grade - hereditary nobility] Children born before the father received hereditary nobility constituted a special class category of ober- officers' children, and one of them, at the request of the father, could be given hereditary nobility. Alexander II, by decree of December 9, 1856, limited the right to receive hereditary nobility to the rank of colonel (6th class), and in the civil department - to the rank of 4th class (actual state councilor).

A special place in the hierarchy of military ranks was occupied by officers of the guards units of all branches of the armed forces, who received an advantage of two ranks over army officers in Petrovskaya “Table.” Another interesting fact is that until 1837, guard officers appointed to new higher positions in the army had the right to retain their guards rank and guards rank. In documents of the 18th century one can often find an address like “colonel of the army and captain of the life guards.” In 1798, the rank of guard colonel was shifted from 4th class to 6th class, i.e., equal to the rank of army colonel. This was due to the fact that the commanders of the guard regiments began to be determined by the rank of general, and the colonels of the guard began to occupy the positions of battalion commanders. Only after the reform of military ranks in 1884, when the army chief officer ranks were transferred one class higher, the difference between the guard and the army began to be one class. Service in the guards units also gave an advantage in rank production. As a rule, guards officers who accepted a transfer from the guard to the army were enlisted to fill vacancies in army units. This is especially true for the positions of battalion commanders and regiment commanders. Having received a new position, and with it a new rank, the guards did not stay in the army for long and were again transferred to the guard. This state of affairs is associated with the desire of non-nobles to join the guard. Despite the fact that service in the guards military units required quite significant funds, the desire of graduates of military schools to graduate into the guard especially increased after 1901, when, according to the order of the Military Department (1901, No. 166), direct graduation into the guard was established based on the results final exams. This order caused discontent among the majority of guards officers - people who came from the old noble families of Russia and served in the 1st and 2nd guards divisions. A year later, the order of 1901 was canceled, and persons of non-noble origin were not sent to the guard, and this despite the fact that the legislation did not limit the right of non-nobles to become officers in the guard.

Until the end of the 18th century, artillery officers and engineering ranks had a one-rank advantage over the army. This was explained by the fact that service in the named branches of the military required officers to be more educated, especially in the field of mathematics. In 1798, this advantage was eliminated, but not for long, and already under Alexander I in 1811, the advantage of one rank against army officers was returned to the army artillery and engineering troops. At the same time, the officers of the quartermaster unit also received an advantage of one rank. After the Patriotic War of 1812, some regiments received the status of “young guard”, and their officers received an advantage of one rank over ordinary army officers. The named categories had this advantage until 1884.

When promoted to the next rank based on length of service, officers had to serve in each rank for 4 years (in the Guard, due to the lack of the rank of lieutenant colonel, captains served the rank of colonel for 6 years). Order No. 187 of the Military Department of July 21, 1896 approved the rules for promotion to staff officer ranks. According to these rules, 50 percent. vacancies were filled by those produced according to seniority and 50 percent. by election of the authorities, and from among the last 10 percent. allocated for production for “special distinctions” (for combatant captains only for “combat distinctions”), 20 percent. - for captains who graduated from military academies, the rest - for captains nominated for election proceedings. Thus, the principle of seniority lost its significance and certification played the main role.

The Knights of St. George also had benefits for promotion to the next rank. According to the rules of 1898, officers who were awarded the Order of St. George and served in this rank for 3 years were promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel on the same basis as captains who graduated from the General Staff Academy, even if there was no staff officer vacancy available. Lieutenant colonels were also promoted to colonel on preferential terms if they had a positive certification and had served in their final rank for 4 years by November 26, the holiday of the Knights of St. George. These rules provided benefits for obtaining the position of commander of a regiment or a separate battalion.

In the army environment, so well shown in Kuprin’s “Duel,” the presence of benefits almost always aroused anger and envy. These feelings, as a rule, did not extend to the St. George cavaliers and officers of special branches of the military and were addressed mainly to the guards and officers of the General Staff, for whom, as A. A. Samoilo recalled, “the intrigue and arrogance that corroded this environment were very characteristic.”

The retinue ranks of adjutant general and wing adjutant, which were held by generals and officers close to the emperor, should be distinguished from the military ranks of the Russian army. During the reign of Alexander I, these titles formed the concept of “His Imperial Majesty’s Retinue.” Only staff and chief officers could be adjutant wings. With the promotion of a staff officer to the rank of general (4th class), the latter could receive the rank of adjutant general, naturally, if the emperor himself desired it. In 1827, a special military court rank appeared - Major General of His Majesty's Retinue. Since 1829, the rank of adjutant general was awarded only to generals holding the ranks of 2nd and 3rd classes. At the end of the 19th century, the rank of Adjutant General appeared under the person of His Imperial Majesty, who was listed above the Adjutant General of His Imperial Majesty.

In publications of historical material, you may also encounter other concepts that are in one way or another connected with the ranks and titles of pre-revolutionary Russia. Many of them, having arisen in one meaning, acquired a different meaning over time. Let's briefly look at those that are most difficult to understand.

At the end of the 18th century, special ranks were established among non-commissioned officers of noble origin, which were not included in the “Table of Ranks”: harness-ensign (in the infantry), estandard cadet (among the dragoons), harness-cadet (in the light cavalry and artillery). These ranks did not last long, and already in 1800 all non-commissioned officers - nobles from infantry units began to be called sub-ensigns. Since 1802, all non-commissioned officers of the Jaeger, artillery, and cavalry units, who came from the nobility, began to be called cadets.

In the 60s of the 19th century, the title of harness cadet reappeared, but in the meaning of a graduate of a cadet school, released into a regiment in anticipation of promotion to an officer. Officer candidates from the lower ranks who passed the officer exam also had the same rank. Since 1865, students of cadet (military) schools began to be called cadets.

In 1880, the rank of harness cadet was again renamed. In military units where there were warrant officers, he began to be called a sub-ensign, in the cavalry - an estandard cadet, in the Cossack troops - a sub-horunzhim. In the regiments, ensigns and estandard cadets performed the duties of junior officers.

Since 1906, the meaning of the rank of ensign has changed. Long-term non-commissioned officers who successfully completed military school began to be promoted to this rank.

In the Navy in 1882, the rank of midshipman (13th or 14th class, depending on the length of service) was excluded from the “Table of Ranks”, and midshipmen, as before 1860, began to be called students of the senior classes of the Marine Corps. schools.

The above table of ranks shows that Peter’s “Table of Ranks” changed over almost two centuries as a result of major reforms.

Table of ranks of all military, civil and court ranks

State and court officials

Class	Civil ranks	Court officials
	1722-1917	1722	XIX century-1917
I	Chancellor Actual Privy Councilor 1st Class
II		Chief Marshal	Chief Chamberlain, Chief Chamberlain, Chief Marshal, Chief Schenk, Chief Rallymaster, Chief Jägermeister
III	Privy Councilor	Chief of the Rackmaster	Chamberlain Master, Chamber Marshal, Master of Horse, Jägermeister, Chief Master of Ceremonies
IV		Chief Chamberlain, Chief Chamberlain	Chamberlain
V	State Councillor	Chief Chamberlain, Chief Chamberlain Master, Chief Chamberlain under the Empress, Chamberlain, Secret Cabinet Secretary, Chief Master of Ceremonies	Chamber cadet, master of ceremonies
VI	Collegiate Advisor	Chief Jägermeister, acting. Chamberlain, Marshal, Master of Horse, 1st Life Medicus	Camera Fourier
VII	Court Councilor	Chamberlain and Life Medicus under the Empress, Master of Ceremonies
VIII	Collegiate Assessor	Titular chamberlain, horse-master, court quartermaster
IX	Titular Councilor	Court Jägermeister, Court Master of Ceremonies, Chamber-Junker, Chief Kitchenmaster	Gough-Fourier
X	Collegiate Secretary
XI	Ship's Secretary
XII	Provincial Secretary	Gough-cadet, court doctor
XIII	Provincial Secretary
XIV	Collegiate Registrar	Chamberlain of Pages, Kitchen Master, Mundschenk

Guard

Class	Infantry				Cavalry
	1722	1730	1748	1798-1917	1730	1748	1798	1884-1917
I
II
III			Colonel			Colonel
IV	Colonel	Colonel	Lieutenant colonel			Lieutenant colonel
V	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Prime Major			Prime Major
VI	Major	Major	Second Major	Colonel		Second Major	Colonel	Colonel
VII	Captain	Captain	Captain	Captain	Captain	Captain	Captain	Captain
VIII	Lieutenant Commander	Captain-lieutenant	Captain-lieutenant	Staff Captain	Second captain	Second captain	Staff captain	Staff captain
IX	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant
X	Non-Commissioned Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant		Cornet
XI
XII	Fendrick	Ensign					Cornet
XIII
XIV

Army

Class	Infantry				Cavalry
	1722	1730	1798	1884-1917	1730	1798	1884-1917
I	Field Marshal General	Field Marshal General	Field Marshal General	Field Marshal General
II	General of Infantry	Chief General	General of Infantry	General of Infantry	Chief General	General of the Cavalry	General of the Cavalry
III	Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General		Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General
IV	Major General	Major General	Major General	Major General	Major General	Major General	Major General
V	Brigadier	Brigadier			Brigadier
VI	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel
VII	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel
VIII	Major	Major, since 1767 prime major and seconds major	Major	Captain	Major	Major	Captain
IX	Captain	Captain	Captain	Staff Captain		Captain	Staff captain
X	Lieutenant Commander	Captain-lieutenant	Staff Captain	Lieutenant		Staff captain	Lieutenant
XI
XII	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant		Lieutenant	Cornet
XIII	Non-Commissioned Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Reserve ensign
XIV	Fendrick	Ensign	Ensign			Cornet

Class	Dragoons	Cossacks		Fleet
	1798	1798	1884-1917	1722	1764	1798	1884	1907	1912-1917
I				Admiral General	Admiral General	Admiral General	Admiral General	Admiral General	Admiral General
II		General of the Cavalry	General of the Cavalry	Admiral	Admiral	Admiral	Admiral	Admiral	Admiral
III		Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General	Vice Admiral	Vice Admiral	Vice Admiral	Vice Admiral	Vice Admiral	Vice Admiral
IV		Major General	Major General	Schoutbenacht	Schoutbenacht	Rear Admiral	Rear Admiral	Rear Admiral	Rear Admiral
V				Captain Commander	Brigadier rank captain	Captain-Commander until 1827
VI	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Captain 1st rank	Captain 1st rank	Captain 1st rank	Captain 1st rank	Captain 1st rank	Captain 1st rank
VII	Lieutenant Colonel	Lieutenant Colonel	Military foreman	Captain 2nd rank	Captain 2nd rank	Captain 2nd rank	Captain 2nd rank	Captain 2nd rank	Captain 2nd rank
VIII		Military foreman	Esaul	Captain 3rd rank	Captain-lieutenant	Lieutenant Commander		Captain-lieutenant until 1911	Senior Lieutenant
IX	Captain	Esaul	Podesaul	Lieutenant Commander	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Lieutenant and Art. lieutenant	Lieutenant
X	Staff Captain		Centurion	Lieutenant			Midshipman	Midshipman	Midshipman
XI				Ship's Secretary	Ship's Secretary
XII	Lieutenant	Centurion	Cornet	Non-Commissioned Lieutenant	Midshipman	Midshipman
XIII	Second Lieutenant			Midshipman from 1758 to 1764		Midshipman (1860-1882)
XIV		Cornet

Ranks (ranks) of the clergy

Belonging to the type of clergy	Class according to the Table of Ranks	Chin (san)	Title
Black	I	Metropolitan
Black	II	Archbishop	Your Eminence, Vladyka
Black	III	Bishop	Your Eminence, Vladyka
Black	IV	Archimandrite	Your Reverence
Black	V	Abbot	Your Reverence
White	V	Protopresbyter
White	VI	Archpriest	Your Reverence, Your High Blessing
White	VII	Priest (priest)
White	VIII	Protodeacon	Your Reverence, Your Blessing, Your Priesthood
White	IX	Deacon	Your Reverence

Table of ranks as of 1917

Classes	Army infantry, artillery, engineering troops	Army cavalry	Cossack troops	Navy	Civil ranks	Court officials	Title
I	Field Marshal General	—	—	Admiral General	Chancellor, Actual Privy Councilor I class	—	Your Excellency
II	Infantry General, Artillery General, Engineer General	General of the Cavalry	—	Admiral	Actual Privy Councilor	Chief Chamberlain, Chief Marshal, Chief Chamberlain, Chief Schenk, Chief Horseman, Chief Jägermeister, Chief Forschneider	Your Excellency
III	Lieutenant General	Lieutenant General	—	Vice Admiral	Privy Councilor	Chamberlain, Chamber Marshal, Master of Horse, Jägermeister, Chief Master of Ceremonies	Your Excellency
IV	Major General	Major General	—	Rear Admiral	Actual State Councilor	Chamberlain	Your Excellency
V	—	—	—	—	State Councillor	Chamber cadet, master of ceremonies	Your Highness
VI	Colonel	Colonel	Colonel	Captain 1st rank	Collegiate Advisor	—	Your Honor
VII	Lieutenant colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Military foreman	Captain 2nd rank	Court Councilor	—	Your Honor
VIII	Captain	Captain	Esaul	Senior Lieutenant	Collegiate Assessor	—	Your Honor
IX	Staff Captain	Staff captain	Podesaul	Lieutenant	Titular Councilor	—	Your Honor
X	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Centurion	Midshipman	Collegiate Secretary	—	Your Honor
XI	—	—	—	—	Ship's secretary (no longer used since the end of the 18th century)	—	Your Honor
XII	Second Lieutenant	Cornet	Cornet	—	Provincial Secretary	—	Your Honor
XIII	Ensign (in wartime, in peacetime - in reserve)	—	—	—	Provincial secretary (no longer used since the end of the 18th century)	—	Your Honor
XIV	—	—	—	—	Collegiate Registrar	—	Your Honor

TABLE OF RANKS

Report card 1722:

CLASSES CIVIL OFFICERS MILITARY OFFICERS Army Navy 1 Chancellor Field Marshal General Admiral General 2 Acting Chief General Admiral Privy Councilor 3 Privy Councilor Lieutenant General Vice Admiral 4 Privy Councilor Major General Rear Admiral 5 Civil Councilor Brigadier Captain Commander 6 Collegiate Councilor Colonel Captain 1st rank 7 Court adviser Lieutenant Colonel Captain 2nd rank 8 Collegiate assessor Major Captain 3rd rank 9 Titular adviser Captain (in infantry) Captain (cavalry) 10 Collegiate secretary Captain-lieutenant Lieutenant 11 Ship secretary Lieutenant Sotnik 12 Provincial Secretary Second Lieutenant 13 Senate Registrar Ensign Synod Registrar Cabinet Registrar 14 Collegiate Registrar Fendrick (in the infantry) Midshipman Cornet (in the cavalry) From 1731 to 1797 8th class of army ranks - Prime Major and Second Major From 1724 4 -1st class of civil ranks - actual state councilor Since the 30s. until the end of the 18th century. 3rd class army ranks - Lieutenant General

Report card 1799:

CLASSES CIVIL OFFICERS MILITARY OFFICERS Army Navy 1 Chancellor Field Marshal General Admiral General Acting Privy Councilor 1st Class 2 Acting Infantry General Admiral Privy Councilor Cavalry General Artillery General 3 Privy Councilor Lieutenant General Vice Admiral 4 Acting Major General Rear Admiral State Advisor 5 State Advisor 6 Collegiate Advisor Colonel Captain 1st Rank 7 Court Advisor Lieutenant Colonel Captain 2nd Rank 8 Collegiate Assessor Major Lieutenant Commander Troop Foreman 9 Titular Advisor Captain (in infantry) Rotmister (in cavalry) 10 Collegiate Secretary Staff Captain Lieutenant Staff Captain Podesaul 11 ​​Ship Secretary Lieutenant Sotnik 12 Provincial Secretary Second Lieutenant Midshipman Non-Commissioned Lieutenant 13 Senate Registrar Cornet (in cavalry) Synodal Registrar Cornet (in infantry) Cabinet Registrar 14 Collegiate Registrar

Report card 1884:

CLASSES CIVIL OFFICERS MILITARY OFFICERS COURT OFFICERS Army Navy 1 Chancellor Field Marshal General Admiral General Acting Privy Councilor 1st class 2 Acting General of the Infantry Admiral Chief Chamberlain Privy Councilor General of the Cavalry Chief Marshal General of the Artillery Chief Master of the Horse Ober-e germmeister Chief Chamberlain Chief Schenk Chief Master of Ceremonies Chief Forschneider 3 Privy Councilor Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Chamberlain Marshal of Horse Master Jägermeister Chamberlain Chief Master of Ceremonies Chief Forschneider 4 Active Major General Rear Admiral State Councilor 5 State Councilor Master of Ceremonies 6 Collegiate Councilor Colonel Captain 1st rank 7 Court Advisor Lieutenant Colonel Captain 2nd Rank Military Sergeant Major 8 Collegiate Assessor Captain Lieutenant Captain Captain Esaul 9 Titular Advisor Staff Captain Staff Captain Podesaul 10 Collegiate Secretary Lieutenant Lieutenant Centurion 11 Naval Secretary 12 Provincial Secretary Cornet Midshipman Cornet 13 Senate registrar Synod registrar Cabinet registrar 14 Collegiate registrar

Until 1884, 6th class of court ranks - Chamber-Fourier

In the Russian Republic and the Russian Empire, it also indicates the ratio of seniority of various ranks and the sequence in which ranks are promoted.

It was approved by Peter I in January 1722 and existed until November 1917 with numerous changes. In some territories controlled by the Cossack and White governments, its effect remained until October 1922. There is no law “Table of Ranks” in the Russian Federation.

History of creation

Tsar Peter actively participated in the creation and editing of this law, which was based on borrowings from the list of ranks of the Prussian, French, Danish and Swedish kingdoms. Peter, having personally amended the draft draft, signed it in 1721, but before publication he ordered that this law be submitted for consideration by the Senate.

The contents of the "Table of Ranks" of Tsarist Russia, in addition to the Senate, were also considered in the Admiralty and Military Collegiums, where a number of comments were made on how to place ranks by rank, on salaries, as well as on the introduction of ancient Russian ranks into the table and about eliminating the clause on penalties for occupying a place that was higher than the corresponding rank in the church. All these points were, however, left without further consideration in the law “Table of Ranks” (Russian Empire). Members of the Senate Bruce and Golovkin, as well as Dmitriev-Mamonov and Matyushkin, major generals, took part in drawing up the final version.

"Table of Ranks": how they served the state in Tsarist Russia

On January 24, 1722, the tsar approved the document. All ranks were now divided into the following three types: civil, military and courtiers. They were also included in 14 different classes.

The “Table of Ranks” in Tsarist Russia numbered a total of 263 positions, but then some of them were abolished, and at the end of the 18th century they disappeared completely.

Hereditary nobility

The 14th class (Fendrik, and later, from 1730, ensign) gave a person the right to hereditary nobility, which in the civil service was acquired upon reaching the eighth class (the rank of collegiate assessor), and the 14th (that is, collegiate registrar) gave the right only to the nobility of its bearer.

According to the Manifesto issued on June 11, 1845, hereditary nobility was acquired along with promotion to the 8th class (which corresponded to the rank of staff officer). Born before their fathers received it, children represented a special category. They were called chief officer's children. Moreover, one of them could be granted hereditary nobility at the request of the father.

Changes that occurred later in the "Table of Ranks"

In December 1856, Alexander II, by his decree, limited the subjects of the hereditary nobility to the rank of colonel (this is the 6th class), and in the civil service - the 4th class.

As you can see, the original version that the “Table of Ranks” had in Tsarist Russia changed as a result of reforms over almost two centuries. A number of civil positions turned into titles of civil ranks, regardless of the actual responsibilities of their representatives.

Retired titles

The ranks of the 5th class (state councilor/brigadier) stood apart; they were not classified as either generals or officers; they were entitled to the following address - “your honor.”

Ranks, although this was not specifically stated, were given exclusively to men. Wives entered into the rank corresponding to their husbands, and unmarried girls were considered several ranks lower than their fathers. A rule was also introduced according to which for demanding places and honors above one’s rank during official meetings and public celebrations, a fine was imposed, which was equal to two months’ salary of this person, of which 2/3 of the money was to be received by the informer. The same fine was provided for giving up one's position to a person of lower rank. Livery, crew, lifestyle - everything must be in accordance with the rank held.

Preference for military ranks by Peter I

Peter I, emphasizing in everything his preference for the civilian military, did not want to establish corresponding first-class ranks for persons in the civil service. But, succumbing to Osterman’s persuasion, for reasons of diplomatic prestige, he equated the rank of chancellor (head of some diplomatic department) with him.

The rank of Privy Councilor, First Class, was established only later. Peter's preference was also expressed in the fact that if in the army with the rank of 14th class hereditary nobility was achieved, then in the civil service - only with the rank of collegiate assessor (8th class, staff officer rank). Starting from 1856, for this it was necessary to obtain the rank of general, that is, to become an actual state councilor.

Also indicative in this regard is the rather low rank (not even general) that the president of the “state” college had, that is, the minister, according to European standards.

Subsequently, ministers received the ranks of Privy Councilor and Actual Privy Councilor.

Influence on the nobility and society

With the introduction of this law, the ancient ranks (okolnichy, boyars) were not formally abolished, but since then their appointments have ceased. The “Table of Ranks” had a great influence on the historical destinies of the nobility, as well as on the official routine. Only personal merit became the only regulator of official position. Breed, “fatherly honor” has lost all meaning in this regard. This is the main historical significance of such a document as the “Table of Ranks” in Tsarist Russia.

The military was separated from the court. The acquisition of nobility by grant of the monarch, personal achievement, was legitimized. This generally influenced the democratization of the nobility, the consolidation of its service character, as well as the division of this class into new groups - personal and local.

The rank of the lowest class in military service (14th class, fendrik, and later, from 1730 - ensign) immediately provided the right to acquire nobility for all descendants. Later, with the Manifesto of 1845, it began to be given only to the 8th grade, and in the civil service - to the 5th.

TITLES AND UNIFORMS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.

"TABLE OF RANKS"

Let's try to understand what constituted the core of the entire Russian state in the 18th - early 20th centuries.

General, state councilor, chamberlain, count, aide-de-camp, state secretary, excellency and lordship - these are some of the titles, which were then in use. According to the title, a person also dressed in certain clothes - uniform. The title, along with other awards, was awarded for service to the sovereign.

Today it is difficult to understand what was the basis of all life in Russia. The system of titles, uniforms and orders that existed in the Russian Empire was abolished in 1917. Since then I have completely forgotten about it. And there are no special reference books on it. And without this knowledge, it is sometimes difficult to understand even many literary works of the past, not to mention historical works.

Here is what you can read in the diary of the Minister of Internal Affairs P. A. Valuev for 1865: “January 1. Morning in the palace. I saw Prince Gagarin with a portrait, Butkov with the diamond signs of St. Alexander, Milyutin in the uniform of a member of the State Council...” And here is a diary entry for 1867: “April 16. At night in the Winter Palace. Count Panin takes away the diamonds of St. Andrew as a farewell, and Zamyatin takes the diamonds of St. Alexander.” What are we talking about? Of course, about awards.

The system of titles, uniforms and orders in Russia began during the reign of Peter I. Peter sought to attract the nobility to the public service. And the main measure of each person’s merit was supposed to be service, and not “breed.”

Clarity and discipline were required from the civil service. The employee, for his part, received the opportunity for promotion depending on ability and merit. For this purpose, the “Table of ranks of all military, civil and court ranks...” appeared in January 1722.

Class	Civil ranks (state)		Court officials	Length of service until receiving the next rank, the next civil rank
	Chancellor (Secretary of State) Actual Privy Councilor 1st Class	Field Marshal General Admiral General in the Navy
	Actual Privy Councilor Vice-Chancellor	General of Infantry (until 1763, from 1796) General of the cavalry (until 1763, from 1796) Feldzeichmeister General in artillery (until 1763) General-in-Chief (1763—1796) General of Artillery (from 1796) Engineer-General (from 1796) General-Plenipotentiary-Kriegs-Commissar (1711-1720) Admiral	Chief Chamberlain Chief Marshal Chief of the Rackmaster Chief Jägermeister Chief Chamberlain Ober-schenk Chief Master of Ceremonies (since 1844) Ober-Forschneider (from 1856)
	Privy Councilor (from 1724)	Lieutenant General (before 1741, after 1796) Lieutenant General (1741—1796) Vice Admiral General Krieg Commissioner for Supply (until 1868)	Marshal Chamberlain Ringmaster Jägermeister Chief Master of Ceremonies (since 1800) Ober-Forschneider
	Privy Councilor (1722-1724) Actual State Councilor (since 1724)	Major General Lieutenant Colonel of the Guard (1748-1798) General of Fortification (1741-1796) Schoutbenacht in the navy (1722–1740) Rear Admiral in the Navy (since 1740) Ober-Ster-Krieg Commissioner for Supply (until 1868)	Chamberlain (from 1737)
	State Councillor	Brigadier (1722—1796) Captain-Commander (1707-1732, 1751-1764, 1798-1827) Prime Major of the Guard (1748–1798) Stehr-Krieg Commissioner for Supply (until 1868)	Master of Ceremonies (since 1800) Chamber cadet (until 1809)
	Collegiate Advisor Military Advisor	Colonel in the Infantry Captain 1st rank in the navy Second Major of the Guard (1748-1798) Colonel of the Guard (since 1798) Ober-Krieg Commissioner for Supply (until 1868)	Chamber-fourier (until 1884) Chamberlain (until 1737)	4 years ↗ State Councillor
	Court Councilor	Lieutenant Colonel in the Infantry Military foreman among the Cossacks (since 1884) Captain 2nd rank in the fleet captain of the guard captain of the guard Krieg Commissioner for Supply (until 1868)		4 years ↗ Collegiate Advisor
	Collegiate Assessor	Prime Major and Second Major (1731–1798) Major in the infantry (1798-1884) Captain in the infantry (from 1884-1917) Captain in the cavalry (from 1884-1917) Military foreman among the Cossacks (1796-1884) Esaul among the Cossacks (since 1884) Captain 3rd rank in the navy (1722-1764) Lieutenant commander in the navy (1907-1911) Senior lieutenant in the navy (1912-1917) Staff Captain of the Guard (from 1798)	Titular Chamberlain	4 years ↗ Court Councilor
	Titular Councilor	Captain in the infantry (1722-1884) Staff captain in the infantry (from 1884-1917) Lieutenant of the Guard (from 1730) Captain in the cavalry (1798-1884) Staff captain in the cavalry (since 1884) Esaul among the Cossacks (1798-1884) Podesaul among the Cossacks (since 1884) Captain-lieutenant in the fleet (1764-1798) Lieutenant commander in the navy (1798-1885) Lieutenant in the Navy (1885-1906, from 1912) Senior lieutenant in the navy (1907–1911)	Chamber-junker (after 1809) Gough-Fourier	3 years ↗ Collegiate Assessor
	Collegiate Secretary	Captain-lieutenant in the infantry (1730-1797) Staff captain in the infantry (1797-1884) Second captain in the cavalry (until 1797) Staff captain in the cavalry (1797-1884) Zeichvarter in artillery (until 1884) Lieutenant (since 1884) Second Lieutenant of the Guard (from 1730) Podesaul among the Cossacks (until 1884) Sotnik among the Cossacks (since 1884) Lieutenant in the navy (1722-1885) Midshipman in the Navy (since 1884)		3 years ↗ Titular Councilor
	Ship's secretary (until 1834)	Ship's Secretary in the Navy (until 1764)
	Provincial Secretary	Lieutenant (1730—1884) Second lieutenant in the infantry (from 1884-1917) Cornet in the cavalry (from 1884-1917) Ensign of the Guard (1730-1884) Centurion among the Cossacks (until 1884) Cornet of the Cossacks (since 1884) Non-commissioned lieutenant in the navy (1722-1732) Midshipman in the navy (1796-1884)	Valet Mundschenk Tafeldeker Confectioner	3 years ↗ Collegiate Secretary
	Office receptionist Provincial Secretary Senate Recorder (1764–1834) Synod registrar (since 1764)	Second lieutenant in the infantry (1730-1884) Ensign in the infantry (from 1884-1917, only in wartime) Second lieutenant in the artillery (1722-1796) Midshipman in the Navy (1860-1882)
	Collegiate Registrar Collegiate cadet (collegium cadet) (1720-1822)	Fendrik in the infantry (1722-1730) Ensign in the infantry (1730-1884) Cornet in the cavalry (1731-1884) Junker bayonet in artillery (1722-1796) Cornet of the Cossacks (until 1884) Midshipman in the fleet (1732-1796)		3 years ↗ Provincial Secretary

Calls according to class

Military ranks above the table of ranks

· Generalissimo

Military ranks below the table of ranks

· Sub-ensign, sub-sergeant; belt-ensign (in the infantry), belt-junker (in artillery and light cavalry), fanen-junker (in dragoons), estandard-cadet (in heavy cavalry), conductor in the fleet.

· Sergeant major, sergeant in the cavalry, boatswain in the navy, (until 1798 sergeant).

· Senior combat non-commissioned officer (until 1798 captain, fourth officer), boatswain.

The report card provided for three main types of service: military, civilian and court. Each was divided into 14 classes. Moving from class to class, starting in the lower 14th, the employee made a career. In each class it was necessary to serve a certain number of years. But for special merits the term was reduced. There were more positions in the civil service, and therefore the upward movement was faster.

In the 18th century, everyone who already had a lower class rank, received and personal nobility. And the nobleman had a number of benefits. At the same time, in military service hereditary nobility gave 14th grade, and in civilian life - only 8th. However, already from the beginning of the 19th century, more and more non-nobles entered the public service. And therefore, since 1845, in the civil service, hereditary nobility was received already from the fifth grade, and in the military service - in the eighth.

Having established a clear system of ranks, the “Table of Ranks” ensured strict adherence to the principle of seniority and veneration.

Among the holders of one rank, the eldest was considered to be the one who served in military service, or the one who was previously granted a given rank. Observance of the principle of seniority was considered mandatory in all ceremonies: at court, during ceremonial dinners, at marriages, baptisms, burials, and even in churches during divine services. There was a cruel rule: “Respect the rank of rank.” And this principle extended to the wives and daughters of officials.

Historical mosaic

Count M. N. Muravyov

In 1866, Count M.N. Muravyov headed the commission of inquiry into the case of the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II. The investigation was carried out vigorously. Having completed it, Muravyov asked the chief of the gendarme corps, Count P. A. Shuvalov, to report to the sovereign that he wanted to be appointed adjutant general. When the request was conveyed to the tsar, he exclaimed: “My adjutant general - no way!.. Give him St. Andrew’s diamond insignia...”.

Muravyov, dissatisfied and upset that he did not receive the desired reward, left for his estate, where he died suddenly. The Tsar's courier, who brought the diamonds, found the Count already dead.

TABLE OF RANKS 1722 legislative act of Peter I, which replaced the aristocratic hierarchy of the 16th-17th centuries, based on genealogical books, with a bureaucratic hierarchy. Its adoption separated military service from civil and court service in the Russian Empire, and also determined the hierarchy of ranks in the army, navy and civil administration, the order of their relationship with each other and their receipt in the public service system.

Preparation of the act began in 1719; it became a continuation of the reform activities of Peter I. The law was based on the “schedules of ranks” of France, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia and the Venetian Republic. An innovation for Russia was the introduction of civil and court ranks, although the ranks that existed in the 17th century were also taken into account. in the Boyar Duma and orders (boyars, okolnichy, Duma nobles, Duma clerks). Some military ranks of the Western European type that arose in the second half were taken into account. 17th century in the “regiments of the new system.”

The highest rank of the report card was 1st, the lowest was 14th. She looked like this:

I Chancellor (in military service he corresponded to the rank of “Field Marshal General”, in naval service “Admiral General”),

II actual privy councilor (general-of-cavalry, general-of-infantry, general-of-artillery; in naval admiral),

III Privy Councilor (lieutenant general; in the naval vice admiral),

IV actual state councilor (major general; in the naval rear admiral),

V State Councilor,

VI collegiate adviser (colonel; captain of the first rank),

VII court councilor (lieutenant colonel, captain of the second rank),

VIII collegiate assessor (captain and captain),

IX titular adviser (staff captain and staff captain; lieutenant),

X collegiate secretary (lieutenant; midshipman),

XII provincial secretary (second lieutenant and cornet),

XIV collegiate registrar.

The report card, which came into force in 1722, determining a person’s place in the civil service, provided some opportunity for talented people from the lower classes to advance. In its text this was specifically stated: “... so that those who want to be given to the service and receive honor, and not get impudent and parasites.” Persons of non-noble origin after entering the 14th class received personal, and after entering the 8th class (for the military already in the 14th) hereditary nobility. A special law on December 9, 1856 made new additions to the report card, defining ways to obtain hereditary nobility only from the 4th grade (for the military from the 6th grade), and personal nobility from the 9th grade.

Ranks, although this was not specifically stated, were given only to men. Married wives entered “in rank according to the ranks of their husbands”; those who were unmarried were considered several ranks below their fathers. A rule was introduced according to which, for demanding honors and places above one’s rank at public celebrations and official meetings, a fine was imposed equal to two months’ salary of the person being fined (2/3 of the fine money was supposed to go to the informer). The same fine applies for giving up your seat to a person of lower rank. The crew, livery and lifestyle in general - everything had to correspond to the rank.

Initially, in addition to the ranks themselves, the report card included many different positions (over 260). For example, among the civil ranks in the 3rd class there was a prosecutor general, in the 4th class there were presidents of colleges, in the 5th class there were vice-presidents of colleges, in the 6th class there were presidents in court courts, etc. “Professors at the Academies” and “doctors of all faculties who are in the service” were also listed in the report card in the 9th grade. However, at the end of the 18th century. all these positions were excluded from the table or turned into ranks (primarily court ranks).

The classification of individual ranks was changed. So, at the beginning of the 19th century. the ranks of the 11th and 13th grades ceased to be used and merged with the ranks of the 12th and 14th grades, respectively. Professors of universities, institutes, members of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Arts received the corresponding ranks, as did persons who simply graduated from universities and other higher educational institutions (upon entering the service, they received ranks no lower than 12 and no higher than 8th grade).

Registration of officials by seniority on a report card from the early 18th century. entrusted the heraldry office of the Senate, which regularly published lists of persons holding class ranks. From the middle of the 19th century. lists of persons holding civil ranks of the first four classes also began to be systematically published.

The introduction of the report card in 1722 meant the emergence of a new system of titles in Russia - addressing persons with ranks. At first there were three such legalized appeals Your Excellency(for ranks of the upper classes), Your Excellency(for senators - during Peter’s lifetime) and your honor(for other ranks and nobles). By the end of the century there were 5 such titles (bearers of the 1st and 2nd classes were addressed as “Your Excellency”, 3rd and 4th “Excellency”, 5th “Highness”, 68th “high nobility”, 914 “nobility”), a whole system of addresses and oral names appeared.

With various additions and changes, the table existed until the October events of 1917 and was abolished by the decrees of the Soviet government on November 10 (23) and December 16 (29), 1917 on the destruction of civil, military and court ranks, estates and titles of pre-revolutionary Russia.

Publications: List of ranks in the civil service. St. Petersburg, 18011841; List of civil ranks of the first four classes, St. Petersburg, 18421916

Lev Pushkarev, Natalya Pushkareva

APPLICATION

MILITARY, STATE AND COURTIER,WHAT RANKS ARE IN WHICH CLASS;AND WHO ARE IN THE SAME CLASS HAVE SENIORITYTHE TIME OF ENTRY INTO THE ORDER BETWEEN EACH OTHER,HOWEVER, THE MILITARY ARE HIGHER THAN OTHERS,ALTHOUGH WHO WAS OLDER IN THAT CLASS

January 24, 1722

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Classes	Military				Statskiya	Courtiers
	Land	Guard	Artillery	Marine
1:	General Felt Marshal			General Admiral	Chancellor
2:	Generals of Cavalry and Infantry, Galter Staff		General Felzeich Meister	Admirals of other flags	Actual Privy Councilors	Chief Marshal
3:	Lieutenant Generals, Knights [of the Order] St. Andrew [the First-Called], General Crix Commissar		Lieutenant General	Vice Admirals, General Crix Commissar	Attorney General	Ober became maester
4:	Major Generals	Colonel	General mayor, general mayor from fortification	Schoutbenachty, Chief Zeich Meister	President of the colleges and state cantors, privy councilors, chief prosecutor	Chief Chamberlain, Chief Chamberlain
5:	Bregadiers Ober Stör Kriks Komissar, General Praviant Meister	Lieutenant Colonels	Lieutenant Colonels of the Artillery	Captains commanders, captain over the port of Kronshlotsky, chief sarvaer from the structure of the ship's quartermaster, chief master of the army, chief stehrer kriks commissar	Herald Maester, General Reten Meister, Chief Ceremony Maester or High Overseer of the Forests, Vice-Presidents of the Colleges, General of the Police Maester, Director of Buildings, General Post-Director, Archiater	Chamberlain, Chief Chamberlain became Meister, Secret Cabinet Secretary, Chief Chamberlain Master under Her Majesty the Empress, Chief Schenk
6:	Colonels, treasurers, chief minister, chief commissar, adjutant generals, prosecutor, quarter generals, lieutenant masters	Maeors	Artillery lieutenant colonels, engineer colonels, chief commissar	Captains of the first rank captains over other ports, ship's sarvaer, prosecutor, quartermaster of the private shipyard in Piterburgh, treasurers, chief praviant meister, chief kamsar	Prosecutors in civil colleges, presidents in court courts, secret councilors of the Foreign Collegium, chief secretary of the Senate, state kamsar, chief rent master in residence, advisers in colleges	Stahl Meister, Acting Chamberlains, Gough Marshal, Ober Jaeger Meister, First Life Medicus
7:	Lieutenant Colonels, General Auditors, Generals Praviant Meisters, Lieutenants, Generals Vagen Meisters, Generals Gewaldigers, Generals Adjutants to General Felt Marshal, Controller	Captains	Maeors, lieutenant colonels engineers, chief controller	Captains of the second rank, controller	Vice-presidents in the courts; Military, Admiralty, Foreign Collegiums, chief secretaries; executor at the Senate, chief fiscal of the state, prosecutors at court courts, ceremonial master	Gough Meister to Her Majesty the Empress, Life Medicus to Her Majesty the Empress
8:	Maeors, adjutant generals to full generals, auditor generals, lieutenants, chief quartermaster, chief fiscal, tsal meister	Captains lieutenants	Maeor Engineer, Captains, Stahl Meister, Chief Zeichwarter, Controller	Captains of the third rank, ship masters, tsal meister, chief fiscal	Under stat galter in residence, economy galter, regiruns rata in the provinces, chief director of duties and excises in residence, chief lantrichters in residence, president in the magistrate in residence, chief commissars in the boards, assessors in the colleges, chief praviant meister in residence, chief secretaries in other boards, secretaries in the Senate, chief berg meister, chief Waldein, chief mintz meister, court councilor, forest warden, governors	Titular chamberlains, gof steelmaster, court quartermaster
9:	Captains, wing adjutants to the Felt Marshal General and to the full generals, adjutants to the lieutenant generals, Chief Praviant Meister, Quartermaster General, Chief Auditors, field postmasters, trade generals	Lieutenants	Lieutenant captains, engineer captains, chief auditor, quartermaster, kamsars at gunpowder and saltpeter factories	Lieutenant captains, galley masters	Titular Advisor; two military, Foreign College secretaries; chief rent meister in the provinces, police meister in residence, burgomasters from the magistrate in residence to be indispensable, lantrychters in the provinces, professors at the academies, doctors of all faculties that are found in the service, archivists at both state archives, translator and recorder for the senate, treasurers at the manet business, assessors in court courts in residence, directors over duties in ports	Court Jäger Meister, Court Ceremony Meister, Ober Kuchen Meister, Chamber Junkers
10:	Captains lieutenants	Under lieutenants	Lieutenants, captains, lieutenants of engineering, auditor of the guards, chief of staff, captain of the craftsmen	Lieutenants	Secretaries of other colleagues, burgomasters from the magistrate in the provinces; translators of the Military, Admiralty, Foreign [Colleges]; protocol officers of the same colleges, chief economic commissars in the provinces, chief commissars in the provinces, assessors in court courts in the provinces, chief zegentner, berg meister, chief berg probier
11:				Ship secretaries
12:	Lieutenants	Fendricks	Under lieutenants, engineering lieutenants, furlet lieutenants, vagen meisters	Under lieutenants, shchipors of the first rank	Secretaries in court courts and chancelleries and /in/ provinces, chamberlains at colleges, Ratmans in residence, Mintz Meister, Forsht Meister, Giten Vor Walter, Mark Scheider	Gough Junkers, court doctor
13:	Under lieutenants, wing adjutants to the general maeorekh		Bayonet cadets, under lieutenants of engineering		Secretaries in the provinces, mechanicus, post maesters in St. Petersburg and Riga translators protocol takers collegiate Actuary registrar Senate
14:	Fendriks, wing adjutants under the lieutenant generals and at the brigadiers, headquarters of the furiers		Engineering fendricks	Carriage kamisars, shhipors of the second rank, kanstapels	Camisars at colleges, fiscals at court courts and provinces, chamberlains in the provinces, zemstvo camisars, assessors in provincial courts, archivist, actuary, registrar and accountants at colleges; zemstvo rent masters, post masters in Moscow and other noble cities where there are governors; college cadets	Court registrant, chamberlain pageev, chamber secretary, court librarian, antiquarian, court chamberlain, court auditor, court house master, court pharmacist, shlos fokht, court chief meister, office couriers, munt shenk, kuchen meister, keller meister, execution meister, court clerk balbir

Table. TABLE OF RANKS

These points are attached to the table of ranks established above and how everyone should deal with these ranks.

1. Princes who come from our blood, and those who are combined with our princesses: in all cases have chairmanship and rank over all princes and high servants of the Russian state.

2. The sea and land in command are determined as follows: whoever is of the same rank with whom, although older in rank, at sea commands the sea over the land, and on land the land over the sea.

3. Whoever demands honors above his rank, or takes a position higher than the rank given to him, will pay a fine of 2 months’ salary for each case. And if someone serves without a salary, then pay him the same fine as the salaries of those ranks who are of equal rank with him and actually receive a salary. Of the fine money, the person declaring a third share is to receive it, and the remainder is to be used in the hospital. But this examination of each rank is not required in such situations, when some, like good friends and neighbors, come together, or in public assemblies, but only in churches during the service of God, at courtyard ceremonies, such as at an audience of ambassadors, at ceremonial tables, at official congresses, at marriages, baptisms, and similar public celebrations and burials. An equal fine should be given to those who give up a place to someone below their rank, which the fiscal must diligently observe, so that they are willing to serve, and receive honor, and not receive impudence and parasites. The above fine is required for both male and female sexes for crimes.

4. Under an equal fine, no one can claim his rank until he has the proper patent to show for his rank.

5. Likewise, no one can take the rank based on the character that he received in other people’s services until we have confirmed that character to him, which confirmation we will gladly grant to everyone based on the state of his merits.

6. Without a patent, an apsite does not give rank to anyone, unless it is given by our hand.

7. All married wives enter in ranks according to the ranks of their husbands. And when they act contrary to this, they have to pay the same fine as her husband would have to pay for his crime.

8. The sons of the Russian state of princes, counts, barons, the noblest nobility, and also servants of the noblest rank, although we allow for their noble breed or their fathers of noble ranks in the public assembly where the court is located, free access over others of lower rank, and willingly wish to see so that they are distinguished from others in every case by dignity; However, for this reason, we do not allow anyone of any rank until they show us and the fatherland any services and receive character for them.

9. On the contrary, all the girls whose fathers are in the 1st rank, until they are married off, have a rank above all the wives who are in the 5th rank, namely, below the major-general, and above the brigadier. And girls whose fathers are in the 2nd rank, above the wives who are in the 6th rank, that is, below the brigadier, and above the colonel. And girls whose fathers are in the 3rd rank are above the wives of the 7th rank, that is, below the colonel, and above the lieutenant colonel. And others, against the way the ranks follow.

10. Ladies and maidens at court have, while they are actually in their ranks, the following ranks:

The Chief Chamberlain of Her Majesty the Empress has rank above all ladies.

The actual ladies of Her Majesty the Empress follow the wives of the actual privy councilors.

The actual girls of the chambers have a rank with the wives of presidents from the college.

– with the wives of the raiders.

Gough girls

– with the wives of colonels.

Master Gough and our crown princesses

– with real stats ladies who were with Her Majesty the Empress.

The chamber maidens under the crown princesses follow the goff ladies under Her Majesty the empress.

The Gough maidens of the crown princesses follow the Gough maidens of Her Majesty the Empress.

11. All servants, Russian or foreign, who are, or actually were, of the first ranks, have their legitimate children and descendants in eternal times, the best senior nobility in all dignities and avantages are equally respected to be, even if they were of low breed, and before from The crowned heads were never promoted to the dignity of nobility or provided with a coat of arms.

12. When one of our high and low servants actually has two ranks, or has received a higher rank than the rank that he actually controls, then in all cases he has the rank of his highest rank. But when he sends his work at a lower rank, then he cannot then have his highest rank or title in that place, but according to that rank to which he actually sends.

13. Since the civil ranks were not previously disposed of, and for this reason, no one respects it, or it is very little for someone from the bottom to earn his rank as the top of the nobles, and now the necessary need also requires for the higher ranks: for the sake of taking whoever is suitable, although b she didn’t have any rank. But even though this rank will be offensive to military people who have received it for many years and through such cruel service, they will see without merit an equal or higher to themselves: for the sake of whom the rank will be elevated, then he will deserve the rank over the years, as it should. What for the Senate, who will be granted what rank in the civil service out of order from below, will be given the names of their duties to the fiscal from now on, so that the fiscals can see that they carry out the ranks according to this decree. And so that henceforth, for vacancies, not to grab the side, but in order, as in the military ranks of a producer. For this reason, it is now necessary to have 6 or 7 members of the college of cadets, or less, in the state colleges. And if more necessary, then with a report.

14. It is necessary to produce noble children in colleges from below: namely, first in the college, cadets, if scientists, have been certified by the college, and have been represented in the Senate, and have received patents. And those who did not study, but for the sake of need and because of the impoverishment of scientists, were accepted first into the titular colleges of the Junkars, and to be them for those years without ranks, who have no ranks before the actual college of the Junkars.

against corporal 1

year

against sergeant 1 year

vs. Fendrik 1 year 6 months

against a surety 2 year

against the captain 2nd year

against maeor 2nd year

against lieutenant colonel 2nd year

against Colonel 3 years 6 months

The Karporal and Sergeants' Summers should be read to those who have studied and truly learned what college boards should do. Namely, as regards the right court, also external and internal trades to the profit of the Empire and economy, which must be evidenced by them.

Those who teach the above-mentioned sciences, those from the college, are sent to foreign lands several at a time, to practice that science.

And those who show noble services can receive higher ranks for their labors as a manufacturer, such as repairmen and in military service, whoever shows their service. But this can only be done in the Senate, and only with our signature.

15. Military ranks who rise to the rank of chief officer who are not from the nobles, then when someone receives the above rank, this is the nobleman, and his children who are related to the military officers, and if there are no children at that time, but there are first, and the father will be beaten, then the nobility will be given to those, only one son, for whom the father asks. Other ranks, both civil and courtiers, who are not of noble rank, their children are not nobles.

16. And yet it belongs to no one except us and other crowned heads who are granted noble dignity with a coat of arms and a seal, and on the contrary, it has repeatedly turned out that some call themselves nobles, but in reality are not nobles, while others willfully accepted the coat of arms whose ancestors they were not given to them by our ancestors, or by foreign crowned heads, and at the same time they sometimes take the courage to choose such a coat of arms, which the owning sovereigns and other noble families actually have. For this reason, we kindly remind those to whom this concerns us that everyone should beware of such an indecent act, and of the subsequent dishonor and fines in the future. It is announced to everyone that we have appointed a king of arms for this matter. And so everyone must come to him for this matter, and submit a report, and demand a decision, as it should: who has nobility, and coats of arms on it, so as to prove that they or their ancestors had it from what inheritance, or through our ancestors or ours by grace they are brought in this honor. If someone cannot really prove it soon, then they will be given a sentence of one and a half years. And then demand that he truly prove it. And if he does not prove it (and declares it for what reason), report it to the Senate; and in the Senate, having examined this, report to us.

If anyone asks for an additional payment for obvious services, then the person will ask for the services. And if any of these appear truly meritorious, report this to the Senate, and present it to us to the Senate. And those who have risen to the rank of officer, Russian or foreigner, both from the nobility and not from the nobility, are given coats of arms depending on their merits. And those who, although they were not in military service and did not deserve anything, can prove that they are at least a hundred years old: and give such coats of arms.

In our service, foreigners who find themselves have either their diplomas or public certificates from the government of their fatherland to prove their nobility and coat of arms.

17. Also the following ranks, namely: presidents and vice-presidents in court courts, chief landrichters in residence, president in the magistrate in residence, chief commissars in colleges, governors, chief rentmeisters and landrichters in provinces and provinces, treasurers in the money business, directors over duties in the ports, chief economy kamsars in the provinces, chief kamsars in the provinces, assessors in court courts in the provinces, chamberlains at the colleges, ratmans in residence, postmasters, kamsars at the colleges, chamberlains in the provinces, zemstvo kamsars, assessors in provincial courts, Zemstvo rent masters should not be considered an eternal rank, but a rank, both those described above and similar ones: for they are not ranks: for this reason they should have a rank while they are actually engaged in their work. And when they change or leave, then they don’t have that rank.

18. Those who were dismissed for serious crimes, publicly punished in the square, or even though they were naked, or were tortured, they are deprived of their title and rank, unless they are from us for some service, back with our own hand and seal in their perfect honor erected, and this will be publicly announced.

Interpretation of the Tortured

In torture, it happens that many villains, out of malice, bring others: for the sake of which he was tortured in vain, he cannot be considered dishonest, but he must be given our letter with the circumstance of his innocence.

19. Because of this, the nobility and dignity of a person’s rank is often diminished when the attire and other actions do not match, just as on the contrary, many are ruined when they act in attire above their rank and property: for this reason, we kindly remind that everyone is he had an outfit, a crew, and a librey, as his rank and character required.

Accordingly, they must act and beware of the announced fine and greater punishment.

Given with the signature of our own hand, and our state seal at our residence.

Peter

LITERATURE

Evreinov V.A. Civil rank production in Russia, St. Petersburg, 1888
Troitsky S.M. Russian absolutism and the nobility in the 18th century. Formation of the bureaucracy. M., 1974