History lesson

in the 7th grade

• Repetition of what has been covered. Checking homework.
• Learning a new topic:

• peoples of Siberia (working with a contour map);
• Russian development of Siberia;
• explorers and their discoveries (messages from the guys).

3. Filling out the table.

4. Summing up the lesson.

• We will speak clearly and loudly.
• Listen carefully to the teacher and the children.
• Repeat vocabulary.

Fill in the missing letters and explain what this term means.

1. At-man

2. M-nufactory

3. Self-d-rust

Simeon of Polotsk - poet, educator

Fill in the correct letters in place of the blanks and explain what the term means.

1. At A man – leader in the Cossack army.

2. M A nufaktura – a large industrial enterprise with a division of manual labor.

3. Himself O d e rust – a form of government in which the king has supreme power.

Alexei

Mikhailovich

Patriarch

Nikon

Michael

Fedorovich

Protopop

Habakkuk

S. Razin

1.In the 60s of the 17th century, the government began to issue money.

2.This was the reason

3.He led the uprising of the Cossacks on the Don

4.The reason for the uprising was an attempt

violate the principle

5.The uprising took place over the years

"Copper Riot"

Stepan Razin

“There is no extradition from the Don”

• XVII century

... From century to century

A strong Russian man was walking

To the far north and east

Unstoppable, like a stream...

He went to unknown lands,

While in the unknown distance

He did not come to the ends of the earth

Where there was nowhere to go.

Where across his path,

Dressed in storms and fog,

An immense ocean arose.

• “Where else can such distance, such breadth be found? The land of lake freshness is generous and open to people. And so much sweet tenderness in all your severity.”

• what peoples inhabited Siberia;
• how the Russians developed Siberia;
• what is the significance of the annexation of Siberia.

• What can you tell us about Russia in XVII century

Siberia and its peoples

• What peoples lived in Siberia in the 17th century? p.83

• On the contour map, mark the places of settlement of the peoples of Siberia.

Udege people

• Ermak Timofeevich- Russian Cossack ataman, conqueror of Siberia for the Russian state.

• 16th century - Cossack Ermak Timofeevich opened the way to Siberia for Russians.
• 17th century - service people, Cossacks, hunters, traders continued to explore Siberia.
• These people were attracted here by the rich natural resources: gold and silver, expensive furs - soft junk , free lands.
• Along the way, explorers built towns, forts . Local Siberian tribes were part of the Russian state. This happened more often peacefully.
• Siberian residents had to pay to the treasury yasak , that is, a tax on furs.

• In Siberia, it spreads among migrants arable farming.

• Thus, Siberia learned to provide itself with bread on its own.

• Soft junk – expensive fur, furs

• Prison - a small wooden fortress.

• Yasak – tax on the local population. Surrendered with furs.

• Ivan Moskvitin
• Vasily Poyarkov
• Semyon Dezhnev
• Erofey Khabarov.

1639 – Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin went to the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

1648 – Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev

opened the strait between Asia and America.

1649-1653 – Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov made a big trip to the Amur. Annexed the Amur lands to Russia.

Name of an explorer or sailor

When did the hike begin?

Discoveries

When did the hike begin?

Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin

Discoveries

Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov

Access to the Pacific Ocean

Land development along the Amur River

Name of an explorer or sailor

When did the hike begin?

Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin

Discoveries

Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov

Access to the Pacific Ocean

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev

Land development along the Amur River

Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov

Opening of the strait between Asia and America

1649 – 1653

Annexation of the Amur lands to Russia

a) Ivan IV;

b) Romanovs;

2. Siberia was included in Russia during the reign of:

a) Ivan III; b) Ivan Kalita;

c) Mikhail Fedorovich;

d) Alexey Mikhailovich.

agriculture, cities, trade.

a natural storehouse with forests, rivers and lakes, minerals, precious metals.

territory, increasing the number of yasak payers.

• There has been an expansion...
• Here appeared...
• Russia acquired...

• The territories expanded, the number of yasak payers increased.
• Agriculture, cities, and trade appeared here.
• Russia acquired a natural storehouse with forests, rivers and lakes, minerals, and precious metals.

• During the lesson I learned that...

• Fill out the table p.89
• Learn vocabulary

summary of other presentations

“Russia under Paul I” - Prohibition of cruel treatment of soldiers by an officer. Mikhailovsky Castle. Alexander Pavlovich. Catherine II and Paul I. Changing the system of succession to the throne. Russia. Domestic policy. Disgrace and persecution of many nobles. Paul I (1796 – 1801). Gatchina Palace. A.V. Suvorov - Generalissimo. A.V. Suvorov's crossing of the Alps. Family of Paul I. Count P.A. Palen. March 11, 1801 - CONSPIRACY. V.I. Surikov. 1799 – Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.

“Scout Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov” - Works at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Drawing by I. Lazareva Bronze bust of N. I. Kuznetsov. In the role of N.I. Kuznetsov, actor Gunar Tsilinsky Film “The Feat of a Scout”. Monument in Lviv opposite Lvovenergo (demolished). Certificate of Hero of the Soviet Union. Books dedicated to N.I. Kuznetsov: 1) Medvedev D.N. - “Strong in spirit.” But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example...” Primary school in Zyryanka.

"The Great French Revolution" - The Great French Revolution. Jean-Paul Marat. 1789 – 1799 - French revolution. 1789 – 1799 - The French Revolution. Story. The guillotine is a beheading machine. The Directory is the executive body of the Thermidorians. Concepts. Georges Jacques Danton. A declaration is a document that solemnly proclaims something.

“Religious Wars in France” - The Schism of France. 1598 – Edict of Nantes: permission to practice Protestantism. Ban of Protestantism in France. Huguenots. Catholics (king, North). Admiral Coligny. Henry of Navarre. 1572 - wedding of Henry of Navarre and Charles IX's sister Margaret. Cardinal Richelieu. Henry IV is a good, glorious king.

“Siberia in the 17th century” - Only in the south of Siberia did the forest-steppe begin. Founding of Siberia by Russians. The Yakuts and Buryats were also engaged in cattle breeding. This is how people lived. Siberia in the 17th century. Along the way, explorers set up towns, fortresses (small fortresses), and even just winter huts. The main thing is that not a single people was wiped off the face of the earth! The Khanty and Mansi lived along the Ob River. Ataman. A lot of tribes lived along the banks of the Amur River: Udege, Nanai, etc. Ermak and the development of Siberia. Tomsk in 1604!

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Russian pioneers of Siberia and the Far East in the 17th century. The presentation was compiled by Natalya Vasilievna Baysungurova, a history teacher at the MKOU "Pervomaiskaya Secondary School" of the Kizlyar district of the Republic of Dagestan. Very little documentary evidence has been preserved about the very first explorers of the 17th century. But already from the middle of this “golden age” of Russian colonization of Siberia, “expedition leaders” compiled detailed “skasks” (that is, descriptions), a kind of reports about the routes taken, the open lands and the peoples inhabiting them. Thanks to these “skasks,” the country knows its heroes and the main geographical discoveries they made.

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The great movement of the Russian people to Siberia received its full development in the 17th century. In the first half of the 17th century, the development of northern Asian lands - Siberia - began. Russian explorers - fishermen-hunters, Pomors, Cossacks, in 50 years, passed all of Siberia and reached the Pacific Ocean. They sailed along the rivers and seas of the Arctic Ocean, and walked through the taiga. The coincidence of private and state interests in the development of the East produced amazing results. The rapid development of Siberia by Russians began immediately after the end of the Time of Troubles. On the most important river routes, fortified towns arose - wooden forts (fortresses). They were a kind of milestones of this historical movement. Fortresses were erected at the mouths of rivers and at the intersection of trade routes: Yenisei (1619), Krasnoyarsk (1628), Bratsk (1631), Yakut (1632), Irkutsk (1661), Selenga (1665). “Soft junk” - skins of sables, arctic foxes and other fur-bearing animals - were brought to the forts from the surrounding lands. The indigenous inhabitants of Siberia used furs to pay tribute to the distant Russian Tsar. New expeditions set out from the forts.

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Reasons for the exploration of Siberia in the 17th century: Search for riches The conquest of Siberia was led by brave explorers who dreamed of seeing unknown countries and finding fabulous riches. Usually these were Cossacks and “walking people”, always ready for risky and difficult undertakings. Behind them stood rich merchant-industrialists who equipped distant expeditions. Upon returning, the participants of the campaigns were obliged to give them 2/3 of the spoils. Search for raw materials Private interest was combined with public interest in the development of Siberia. The Russian state urgently needed its own deposits of precious metals, iron and copper. Not without reason, they hoped to find them in Siberia. In addition, Moscow knew that the Siberian forests conceal huge reserves of “soft gold” - the most valuable sable fur. The government declared the sale of furs abroad its monopoly. Income from transactions with Siberian furs amounted to. about 1/4 of all treasury revenues. Where Moscow power appeared, local residents paid a special tax - yasak, which consisted mainly of furs.

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Development of Siberia and the Far East 1632 - P. Beketov founded the Yakut fort 1651 - Albazinsky fort 1652 - Irkutsk winter quarters 1654 - Kumarsky fort 1655 - Kosogorsky fort 1658 - Nerchinsky fort 1642 - M Stadukhin reached Chukotka in 1643-1646. - V. Poyarkov reached the river. Amur 1648 – S. Dezhnev opened the strait between Asia and America 1649-1653. – E. Khabarov compiled the first map of the Amur region in 1697 – V. Atlasov explored and annexed Kamchatka 1689 – Treaty of Nerchinsk with China. The Russians retreated from the banks of the Amur and avoided a possible war.

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Who went to Siberia? “Industrialist” hunters went for fur riches and walrus tusks. The merchants brought to these lands the goods needed by the service people and the aborigines - flour, salt, cloth, copper cauldrons, pewter dishes, axes, needles - a profit of 30 rubles per ruble invested. Black-growing peasants and artisans-blacksmiths were transferred to Siberia, and criminals and foreign prisoners of war began to be exiled there. Free settlers also sought new lands. Cossacks went there, recruited from the townspeople and “free walking people” from the northern cities.

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Monument to Beketov in Yakutsk Pyotr Beketov - governor, explorer of Eastern Siberia, discoverer of Buryatia; annexed Yakutia and Buryatia, founded Yakutsk and Chita. Not far from the confluence with the river. Beket's Cossacks cut down Lena Aldan's fort, which was later named Yakutsk. As a clerk in the Yakut fort, he sent expeditions to Vilyui and Aldan. After Ivan Galkin arrived to replace him, Peter returned to Yeniseisk, from where in 1640 he brought yasak worth 11 thousand rubles to Moscow. In Moscow, Beketov received the rank of Streltsy and Cossack head. In 1641, Pyotr Beketov was granted headship in the Yenisei Ostrog among the Cossacks. In November 1654, ten Cossacks of Beketov’s detachment, led by Maxim Urasov, reached the mouth of the Nerch River, where they founded the Nelyudsky fort (now Nerchinsk). In 1660, Beketov from Yeniseisk went to serve in Tobolsk, where in 1661 he met with Archpriest Avvakum (with whom Beketov had a conflict) and with Krizhanich.

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Ivan Alekseevich Galkin (? - 1656/7) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, Yenisei ataman and son of a boyar. In 1631, he was the first European to sail in the upper reaches of the Lena and along the Angara and Yenisei to the mouth of the Ob. He founded a winter quarters at the mouth of the Kuta River, from which the city of Ust-Kut began.

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Stadukhin was the first to visit Kamchatka. In 1663 he first delivered information about the Kamchatka River to Moscow. For his discoveries in Siberia he was promoted to Cossack chieftain. In 12 years, he walked over 13 thousand kilometers - more than any explorer of the 17th century. The total length of the northern shores of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk that he discovered was at least 1,500 kilometers. His geographical discoveries were reflected on the map of P. Godunov, compiled in 1667 in Tobolsk. He kept records of his “circular” journey, described and drew up a drawing map of the places he visited in Yakutia and Chukotka. Mikhail Stadukhin - Russian explorer

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Ivan Moskvitin Ivan Yurievich Moskvitin (c. 1603-1671) - Russian explorer, ataman of the foot Cossacks. In 1639, with a detachment of Cossacks, he was the first European to reach the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, discovering its coast and the Sakhalin Bay. The main purpose of the campaign, in addition to “searching for new unknown lands” and collecting furs, was to search for the Chirkol River, where, according to rumors, Mount Chirkol was located, supposedly containing silver ore.

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Kurbat Ivanov - discoverer of Lake Baikal, compiler of the first map of the Russian Far East and the first map of the Bering Strait region, Yenisei Cossack, discoverer of Lake Baikal. Compiler of the first map of the Far East based on data collected by the ataman and explorer I. Yu. Moskvitin. He led a detachment of Cossacks from the Verkholensky fort, which set out in 1643 and reached the lake for the first time, news of which, according to the words of the indigenous inhabitants, had already spread among the Cossacks. As archival documents testify, Kurbat Ivanov’s detachment climbed up the Lena River and its tributary Ilikta, crossed the Primorsky Range and along the bed of the Sarma River on July 2 went through the Oblique Steppe to Lake Baikal opposite Olkhon Island. Already on site, Ivanov assessed the lake from an economic and strategic point of view. Later, the Russians finally settled in the Baikal region, building the city of Irkutsk.

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Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov (before 1610 - after 1667) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, “writing head”. He came from the service people of the city of Kashin. By order of the Yakut governor, stolnik P.P. Golovin, Poyarkov undertook an expedition to the country of the Daurs, who were first learned about thanks to the expedition of his predecessor, the writing head Enalei Bakhteyarov in 1640. Poyarkov’s detachment consisted of 133 people, equipped with arquebuses and a cannon with 100 cannonballs. Poyarkov left Yakutsk on July 15, 1643 and in 2 days on 6 planks he descended the Lena River to the mouth of the Aldan. Then they had to swim against the current, which significantly slowed down the expedition's progress. The journey from Aldan to the mouth of the Uchur River took a month. The movement along Uchur lasted ten days, after which Poyarkov’s ships turned to the Gonam River. Navigation along the Gonam is possible only 200 kilometers from the mouth, after which the rapids begin. Poyarkov's people had to drag the ships on themselves. And this had to be done more than 40 times. The journey along the Gonam River took 5 weeks. With the onset of cold weather in the fall of 1643, Poyarkov decided to leave some of the people to spend the winter near the ships on the banks of the Gonam River, and he, lightly, with a detachment of 90 people went on a winter road on sledges through Sutam and Nuyam. In 2 weeks he passed the Stanovoy Ridge and for the first time penetrated the river basin. Amur, having first discovered Mulmuga, and then, after 2 weeks, went to the Zeya River (Daurian country). On December 13, 1643, 80 km from the Amur River, the Cossacks of Poyarkov had a skirmish with the Daurs of the “prince” Doptyul. They set up a camp (fortress) and immediately demanded from the local agricultural Daurs that from now on they pay tribute to the Russian Tsar. And in order to back up his words with action, he captured several noble people as amanats (hostages). At the beginning of January 1644, Poyarkov's winter quarters on the Umlekan River were besieged by the Daurs. The fear of unknown aliens receded, and their small numbers gave confidence to the besiegers. However, several assault attempts they made did not bring success: apparently, the superiority of the Cossacks in tactical skill and weapons affected. Then the Daurs took the Poyarkovites into the blockade ring. The Cossacks began to mix tree bark into flour, ate roots and carrion, and often got sick. The pestilence has begun. Then the surrounding Daurs, who had been hiding in the forests all this time, became bolder and organized several attacks on the fort. But Poyarkov was a skilled military leader. But finally, in the spring of 1644, the siege ring broke up. Poyarkov got the opportunity to continue the campaign. He sent one group back to Gonam to hurry up the wintering Cossacks, and the other - 40 Cossacks under the command of Petrov - further to the Amur for reconnaissance. Faced with resistance from the Daurs, Petrov’s detachment retreated back to Poyarkov’s camp. On May 24, 1644, winterers arrived from Gonam. Poyarkov's detachment reached 70 people. They manufactured new vessels and continued rafting along the rivers at a speed of 40 km/day.

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Along the Zeya, by June 1644, Poyarkov's Cossacks descended to the Amur River (which they mistakenly took for Shilka). The local population was very hostile towards the explorers, not allowing them to approach the shore. Poyarkov went down the Amur to its mouth, where he wintered again. On the middle Amur, Poyarkov met the agricultural people of the Duchers, whose militia at the mouth of the Sungari exterminated a reconnaissance detachment of explorers (20 Cossacks died). After the Duchers, the lands of the fishing people of the Golds began, with whom there were no military clashes. In the fall of 1644, Poyarkov went to the mouth of the Amur, where Gilyak fishermen lived. Here the Cossacks of Poyarkov breathed calmly for the first time. From them he learned about Sakhalin, inhabited by hairy people. The Gilyak “princes” swore allegiance to Russia and voluntarily gave the first yasak - 12 forty sables and six sable fur coats. At the end of winter, the Cossacks again had to endure hunger. They again began to eat roots, bark, and feed on carrion. Before setting off on the campaign, Poyarkov raided the Gilyaks, captured the Amanats and collected tribute in sables. In the battle, Poyarkov lost half of his remaining squad. At the end of May 1645, when the mouth of the Amur was freed from ice, Poyarkov and his Cossacks went to the Amur Estuary. Poyarkov made a historically proven 12-week (3-month) voyage along the southwestern shores of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk from the mouth of the Amur to the mouth of the Ulya, where Poyarkov’s detachment was caught in a storm and spent the winter in the fall of 1645. Here, already in 1639, the “Russian man” Ivan Moskvitin set foot, and local peoples paid tribute to the Moscow “white tsar”. Then, across the Maya River, the Cossacks of Poyarkov began their return home. According to various sources, 20, 33 or 52 Cossacks from Poyarkov’s expedition returned to Yakutsk in 1646. The direct goals of the campaign were not achieved, but the Russian authorities received valuable information about the territories traversed.

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Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (circa 1605, Veliky Ustyug - early 1673, Moscow) - Russian traveler, explorer, sailor, explorer of Northern, Eastern Siberia and North America, Cossack chieftain, fur trader. The first navigator to pass the Bering Strait, separating Asia from North America, Chukotka from Alaska, and did this 80 years before Vitus Bering, in 1648, along the way visiting the islands of Ratmanov and Kruzenshtern, located in the middle of the Bering Strait.

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Semyon Dezhnev (1605-1673), an Ustyug Cossack, was the first to circumnavigate the easternmost part of our Fatherland and all of Eurasia by sea. A strait passed between Asia and America, opening the way from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific. By the way, Dezhnev discovered this strait 80 years earlier than Bering, who visited only its southern part. The cape is named after Dezhnev, the same one next to which the date line runs. After the discovery of the strait, an international commission of geographers decided that this place was the most convenient for drawing such a line on the map. And now a new day on Earth begins at Cape Dezhnev. Please note, 3 hours earlier than in Japan and 12 earlier than in the London suburb of Greenwich, where universal time begins.

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Khabarov came from peasants from near Veliky Ustyug. The successor to the work of Enalei Bakhteyarov and Vasily Poyarkov in the development of the Amur region. Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov is a famous Russian explorer. At the beginning of the 17th century he traveled in the Lena River basin. Khabarov's biography is very interesting; he lived a difficult life, full of ups and downs, traveled a lot and saw a lot. Through the efforts of this brave explorer, new lands suitable for agriculture were discovered, as well as salt springs. Erofey Khabarov was born near Veliky Ustyug. The exact date of birth is not known, but he was probably born in 1603. In his youth, together with his brothers, he was engaged in fur trading in the Taimyr Peninsula area. Then fate brought him to the Arkhangelsk region, where he was engaged in salt making. In 1632, Erofey leaves his family and goes to the Lena River. For almost seven years he walked in the vicinity of the basin of this river, engaged in fur fishing. Then he began farming at the mouth of the Kuta River. In 1649 he went to the Amur region, research continued until 1653, during which time the scientist made a number of trips that were not in vain. The knowledge Khabarov gained about the area was reflected in his drawings, in which he described in detail the area near the Amur River. compiled the first Russian map of the Amur region and began its conquest; built the first industrial enterprise in Eastern Siberia

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In 1655, Khabarov sent a petition to Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, in which he described his merits in the conquest of the Daurian and Siberian expanses. The king, having studied the petition, recognized his merits. He was elevated to the rank of “son of a boyar.”

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Vladimir Atlasov - annexed Kamchatka to Russia and compiled its first map and description, discoverer of the Kuril Islands; delivered the first Japanese to Russia. Atlasov’s father was a Yakut Cossack, formerly an Ustyug peasant who fled beyond the Urals. Vladimir Atlasov began his yasak collection service in 1682 on the Aldan and Uda rivers. In 1695, having risen to the rank of Pentecostal, he was appointed clerk of the Anadyr prison. Having scouted about Kamchatka through the Cossack Luka Morozko, whom he had sent, he began to prepare for the expedition. Alexander Pushkin called Vladimir Atlasov “Kamchatka Ermak”, and Stepan Krasheninnikov - “the finder of Kamchatka”. (However, the first Russian explorers of Kamchatka were the expeditions of Luk Morozko)

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In 1701, the governor sent Atlasov with a report on the campaign to Moscow. Among other things, he brought with him a captive “Indian” named Dembey, who had been shipwrecked in Kamchatka, who turned out to be a Japanese from the city of Osaka and who was referred to as a “Tatar of Japan named Denbey” in the papers of the Artillery Order, where he began to serve as a translator. For a successful campaign that ended with the annexation of Kamchatka to Russia, Atlasov was awarded the rank of Cossack head and given a reward of 100 rubles.

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Conclusions: Local tribes maintained animal and fishing industries, grazing lands and were suppliers of yasak. Yasak people had to transport government cargo and provide garrisons with fish, firewood, and berries. Russian governors were sometimes cruel and greedy, but they also stopped bloody feuds between the clans and tribes of Siberia. Russian garrisons protected the local population from raids by nomads - Kazakhs and Yenisei Kyrgyz. The Russians founded new villages in areas that were free and suitable for arable land. Peasants setting off on long journeys were provided with benefits - exemption from duties for several years, loans in money, seeds, and horses. By the end of the 17th century, about 200 thousand migrants already lived beyond the Urals - almost as many as the aborigines. The peasants provided Siberia with bread. In the 17th century The first maps of Siberia were compiled, deposits of non-ferrous and precious metal ores began to be found. The settlers dressed the same as the locals, and rode dog and reindeer sleds. And the indigenous people began to build log huts, use new tools and grow agricultural crops previously unfamiliar to them.

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Today, 85 percent of all Russian reserves are located in Siberia, which strengthens its leading position in the development of the country’s economy. Siberia is one of the main places visited by residents not only of Russia, but also of foreign countries. Siberia contains enormous potential, which only becomes greater every year.

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Presentation - Settlement and development of Siberia in the 17th century

Text of this presentation

“Conquest” or “annexation” of Siberia?
The spread of Russian rule and Russian colonization in Siberia, interrupted by the Time of Troubles, began with the establishment of Tsar Michael (1613-1645) on the throne. During his reign, Russian people quickly walked along the tributaries of the Yenisei and Lena all the way to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and along the river. Lena - to the Arctic Ocean. Under Alexei (1645-1676), the Russians established themselves in the Anadyr region, Transbaikalia and the Amur. The search for new lands for the great sovereign continued and, in addition, trips were made to surveyed but not yet conquered regions. In this vast space, 40 forts were founded. Russian possessions grew 3 times / the whole state. / First of all, various free people settled in these points - Cossacks, archers, and other service people. At the same time, the clergy settled with them, and later peasants and townspeople. The capital of Siberia was the city of Tobolsk.

Name Description
Ermak 1582 The results of the campaign were consolidated by sending detachments of archers and the founding of the first Siberian cities - Tyumen (1586) and Tobolsk (1587).
Peter Beketov 1632 The Yenisei Cossack centurion founded the Lensky fort (Yakutsk), which became the main base for the further development of Eastern Siberia.
Cossack expedition led by Ivan Moskvitin in 1639-1640. Came to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Thus, it took Russian explorers a little more than half a century to reach “the ends of the earth” from the first city beyond the Urals, Tyumen.
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 On several ships with his comrades (90 people), he sailed by sea from the mouth of the Kolyma to the “Necessary Nose” (Cape), and passed through the strait separating Asia from America.
Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov in 1643-1646. From Yakutsk the campaign to the Amur took place. The Poyarkovites sailed along the Amur to the sea, and upon their return reported their discoveries to the Yakut governor.
Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov in 1649-1653. Conducted a new expedition to the Amur. This campaign secured the Amur region for Russia, where the agricultural tribes of the Daurs and Duchers lived.
The detachment of Vladimir Vladimirovich Atlasov at the end of the 18th century. Crossed the huge Kamchatka peninsula. The movement continued to the Kuril Islands, the Russians also learned about Sakhalin.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev
Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov
Opened the strait between Asia and America in 1648.
Exploration of the Amur region 1648-1650.

Peoples of Siberia in the 17th century
In Siberia at the beginning of the 17th century there lived a very rare, small population of less than 300 thousand people. Nevertheless, the small Siberian peoples had their own complex history and differed greatly in language, economic activities, and social development. Short, dressed in fur clothes, outwardly they seemed to be similar to each other, but each even small nationality had its own characteristics, traditions and talents.
Name of people Habitat number
Nenets Tundra region./along the Ob and Yenisei rivers/8 thousand
Yakuts Basin of the Lena River and its tributaries 28 thousand
Buryats of the Baikal region 25 thousand
Evenks/Tungus/ From the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean 30 thousand
Chukchi, Itelmen, Koryak, Chukotka Peninsula, Kamchatka 28 thousand

Historical sources tell us that Siberian “foreigners” are constantly “fighting among themselves”, that among them “family after family goes to war and fights.” Such clashes occurred very often. Almost all Siberian peoples, even those living under a tribal system, had a certain number of slaves captured during armed clashes with their neighbors. Bloody inter-tribal feuds, exterminating inter-tribal wars, robbery, displacement to worse lands and assimilation of some peoples by others - all this has been commonplace in Siberian life since ancient times.

Who are the migrants?
Fishermen; Cossacks; Sagittarius; gunners; peasants and artisans by sovereign decree; criminals and politically unreliable; runaway peasants. The fur trade was naturally accompanied by hunting for game meat and all kinds of forest animals. In the early period of development of Siberia, forest products were in great and constant demand among almost all settlers. Therefore, many of them hunted animals and birds not only for their own food, but also for sale. The forests are rich in medicinal herbs, and from 1665-1696. Royal decrees were issued on the collection of this valuable raw material. Fish were found in huge quantities in Siberian rivers: taimen, trout, ide, omul, burbot, perch, pike, crucian carp, and carp. In other areas, consumer fishing very quickly turned into a commercial one. The capital of Siberia in the 17th century. became the city of Tobolsk.

Tobolsk 1587
1624 10 churches, 325 households of service people, 53 households of townspeople and 9 households of arable peasants

The Russian advance to the East was quite peaceful. In rare cases, there were bloody battles with the local population, unlike the colonization of North America. The reason for this is that Russia did not need empty lands, because... the population of the North paid yasak - a fur tax from the northern peoples.

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The wealth of Siberia

Along the path of the pioneers, winter huts and forts were built - temporary settlements of hunters and travelers. This is how the cities of Berezov, Narym, Surgut, Kuznetsk and others arose. In 1632, the Lensky fort was built in the center of the Yakut lands, from which the city of Yakutsk later arose

Goals of development of Siberia
Expansion of state territory and increase in tax-paying population
Search for minerals
Mastering the fur wealth of Siberia
Trade development

In Siberia, one of the long-noticed qualities of the Russian person was fully revealed - the ability to get along with other peoples. Many see the reason for this accommodating nature in the peculiarities of the Russian national character. “The absence of arrogant contempt and hostility towards the population of the colonized countries” and their “everyday compliance.” The ability of Russians to “find ground for rapprochement with other peoples” also amazed foreign observers, who drew attention to the lack of a sense of arrogant superiority in the Russian people towards the population of the colonized territories, so usually characteristic of Western European settlers. In North America at the time the British appeared there, there were 2 million Indians. By the beginning of the 20th century, their number decreased 10 times. And in our Siberia, scribe books at this time speak of the steady growth of the indigenous population.

Results of the annexation of Siberia
The influx of wealth into the Russian treasury (yasak). Increased geographical knowledge. The growth of cities in new lands. Drawing Siberia into the all-Russian market, developing trade, crafts and agriculture. Introducing the peoples of Siberia to the culture of Russia

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“History of Siberia” - For Miller the historian, Siberia became primarily a scientific school. XVIII century. Gerard Friedrich Miller. S.P. Krasheninnikov. G.G. Gmelin. The work of the academic team of the Second Kamchatka Expedition in Siberia lasted 10 years from 1733 to 1743 and resulted in significant results in collecting numerous historical documents, identifying many floristic, zoological, geographical and geological facts, etc.

“Siberia in the 17th century” - “There is no extradition from the Don.” “Where else can you find such a distance, such a vastness? Russia in the 12th century. 1670-1671. The beginning of the development of Siberia. Working with a textbook and a contour map. The Udege are Nanai. Whose name is associated with the annexation of Siberia? a) Ivan IV; b) Romanovs; c) Kuchum; d) Ermak. 1649-1653 - E.P. Khabarov made a great campaign to the Amur.

“Ermak’s campaign in Siberia” - The first winter in Siberia. Cossacks on the Volga and Yaik. Due to the lack of supplies among the Volkhovsky archers, a severe famine began. In the patrimony of the Stroganovs. Near the mouth of the Tobol, the Karachi ulus was defeated. The end of the Siberian expedition. Now the main goal of the Ermakovites became Siberia - the capital of “Tsar Kuchyum”. New taxes began to flow into the state treasury.

“Eastern Siberia” - Geographical location Tectonic structure Relief Climate Inland waters. In the Northern Hemisphere, the pole of cold is located in Yakutia. Main features of the geographical location. Lesson plan: Climate of Eastern Siberia. Cape Chelyuskin. Geographical position. Eastern Siberia covers an area of ​​about 7 million square kilometers.

“Literature of Siberia” - Tatar fairy tales. Newspaper-magazine "Dobryata". Course program “Literary heritage of Siberia”. II grade – 34 hours. Myths, legends about the Siberian region. Native Tomsk land. Works from the list of literature recommended under the “Literary Heritage of Siberia” program. Tuvan fairy tales. Khanty legend “The Sky is a Horse”.

“Resources of Western Siberia” - Steppe forests with small areas predominate there. Territory area - 87.7 thousand hectares. Biological resources of Western Siberia. The fauna of the plain is represented by both forest and steppe species. The biological resources of Western Siberia are very rich and diverse. In the wide expanses of reservoirs there are swans and geese.