The Republic of Mordovia. Mordovian ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. Way out of the crisis

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Subject of the Russian Federation (AE level 1)
The Republic of Mordovia
moksha Mordovia Republic Erz. Mordovia Republic
Anthem of Mordovia
A country
Included in	- Volga Federal District - Volgo-Vyatka economic region
Administrative center
Head of the Republic	Vladimir Volkov
Chairman of the Government of the Republic	Vladimir Sushkov
Chairman of the State Assembly of the Republic	Vladimir Chibirkin
GDP GDP per capita	RUB 198.1 billion (2016) (66th) 245.2 thousand rub.
official languages	Russian and Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages
Population	↘ 805,056 people (2018) (61st place)
Density	30.81 people people/km²
Square	26,128 km² (68th place)
Timezone	MSK (UTC+3)
ISO 3166-2 code	RU-MO
OKATO code	89
Code of the subject of the Russian Federation	13
Official site
Audio, photo and video on Wikimedia Commons

Stamp "50 years of the Mordovian ASSR". USSR Post 1980

The Republic of Mordovia(moks. Mordovia Republic, erz. Mordovia Republic; briefly: Mordovia(Moksh. and Erz. Mordovia) - a subject of the Russian Federation, a republic within it.

It is part of the Volga Federal District and is part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region.

Official languages: Russian and Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya).

Geography

map of Mordovia

The republic is located on the eastern part of the East European Plain, approximately halfway between Moscow and the Volga, and geographically its territory can be divided into two parts: the western part is located on the Oka-Don Plain, the central and eastern parts - on the Volga Upland. The highest place in Mordovia is 324 m.

The Republic of Mordovia is the closest Russian republic to Moscow: the distance by road from the Moscow Ring Road to the western border of Mordovia is 398 km, and in a straight line - 330 km.

However, administratively Mordovia belongs not to the Central, but to the Volga Federal District.

Climate. Hydrography

The climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is −9 °C, in July +18 °C. Due to the absence of relief obstacles, the territory of Mordovia is open to both northern and southern air masses, therefore the average temperature can vary within the range: January 4, - 27, July +17, +31. The average annual precipitation is 350-700 mm.

Hydrographically, the territory of Mordovia is also divided into two parts: the western (53% of the republic’s area) belongs to the Moksha basin, the eastern (47%) to the Sura basin. The total number of rivers flowing through the territory of the republic (including very small rivers) is 1525, of which only 10 rivers have a length of more than 100 km: these are the Sura and its tributaries Alatyr, Insar, Piana, as well as Moksha with the tributaries Sivin, Issa, Vad , Partsa (tributary of the Vada) and Vysha (tributary of the Tsna).

There are several thousand lakes, ponds and reservoirs in Mordovia. The total water area is 21,000 hectares, with 14,500 hectares of territory under swamps. Most lakes are located in river valleys and are of water-erosive origin (oxbow lakes). The largest of them are Vyachkishevo (near Temnikov) and Inerka. There are few karst lakes, the largest of which are Piyavskoye and Endovishche.

Flora and fauna

The western part of Mordovia is located in the zone of coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests; in the central and eastern regions, shrub and meadow steppes predominate. The flora includes more than 1,230 species of vascular plants from 495 genera and 109 families. Of these, 4 are species of clubmosses, 8 are horsetails, 18 are ferns, 3 are gymnosperms, and the rest are flowering plants. Herbaceous plants predominate; the number of tree and shrub species is small. The main forest-forming species: pine, spruce, larch, English oak, ash, sycamore maple, elm, warty and downy birch, alder, small-leaved linden, black poplar.

In Mordovia, 63 species of mammals (of which 35 are rare), 267 species of birds (70 rare), and 44 species of fish live in the reservoirs of the republic. The world of insects is very rich (more than 1000 species), but the diversity of reptiles and amphibians is small. The fauna consists of representatives of the forest fauna (elk, wild boar, lynx, marten, white hare, wood grouse, hazel grouse, woodpeckers, blackbirds, tits) and, to a lesser extent, steppe fauna (speckled gopher, steppe mole rat, common mole rat, great jerboa ).

Two specially protected natural areas of federal significance have been created on the territory of the republic (Mordovian State Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich and Smolny National Park), there are also nature reserves and natural monuments of regional significance.

(See also: Red Book of the Republic of Mordovia, List of Protected Areas of Mordovia)

Timezone

The Republic of Mordovia is located in a time zone designated by international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The offset relative to UTC is +3:00. Time in the republic corresponds to geographic zone time.

Story

The Mordovian people did not have their own statehood until the 20th century. The works of Western European historians of the 13th century speak of two Mordovian princes. Russian chronicles contain references to the “Mordva Purgasova”, or “Purgasova volost”, in the area between the Tesha and Marsha rivers, as lands inhabited possibly by Finno-Ugric Mordvinian tribes.

In the 1920s, after the end of the Civil War, the issue of forming national autonomies of peoples who supported the new government and took an active part in the civil war on the side of the Bolsheviks began to be resolved, as a tribute for services rendered in the suppression of opponents of Bolshevism. At this time, the problem of allocating a territory with a predominant Mordovian population arose. By 1920, the Mordovians lived on the territory of 25 provinces. From 1925 to 1928, more than 30 Mordovian volosts were formed on the territory of Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov and Ulyanovsk provinces.

Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia

The next stage in the formation of Mordovian statehood is associated with the division of the Middle Volga region into districts and the formation in 1928 of the Saransk district as part of the Middle Volga region, later renamed Mordovian (with its center in Saransk). The district included counties and volosts with a Mordovian population, which were previously part of the provinces of Nizhny Novgorod, Penza and Simbirsk.

In 1930, the Mordovian Okrug was transformed into the Mordovian Autonomous Region. To increase the number of Mordovians in it, some administrative units with a Russian population from the former Mordovian district were transferred to neighboring territories and, conversely, the southern territories of the Nizhny Novgorod region, densely populated by Mordovians, were transferred to the Mordovian Autonomous Region. It is interesting that initially they wanted to make the oldest city of the republic, Temnikov, the capital of Mordovia, but due to the lack of a railway there, the choice finally fell on.

On December 20, 1934, the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Also in 1934, four national districts were created as part of the Middle Volga region. In 1936, the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was separated from the Middle Volga Territory and included in the Russian Federation as an autonomous republic.

In 1990, the Supreme Council of the Mordovian ASSR adopted the Declaration on the state status of the Mordovian Republic, according to which the Mordovian ASSR was transformed into the Mordovian Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 25, 1993, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the MSSR became known as the Republic of Mordovia.

On March 30, 1995, the State Assembly (Parliament) of Mordovia approved the new coat of arms and flag of the republic. On September 21, 1995, the Constitutional Assembly of the Republic of Mordovia adopted the current constitution.

Population

Ethnic map of Mordovia

The population of the republic, according to Rosstat, is 805,056 people. (2018). Population density - 30.81 people/km (2018). Urban population - 62.98% (2018).

National composition

People	2010
Russians	443 737 (53,4 %)
Mordva (Moksha+Erzya)	333 112 (40,0 %)
Tatars	43 392 (5,2 %)

Areas of compact residence of Mordovian ethnic groups are located according to a geographical principle: Mokshans live mainly in the center and west of the republic, Erzyans - in the eastern part. Approximately 3-4% of the republic's population are prisoners serving sentences in the republic, but living in other regions of the European and even Asian parts of Russia, as well as outside the Russian Federation. Mordovia ranks first in the Russian Federation in terms of concentration of correctional labor institutions, there are more than 30 of them. For comparison, with a population of 5.2 million, there are 4 operating pre-trial detention centers and 6 correctional labor colonies. In the neighboring one, with a population of 1.8 million, there are 2 SIZOs and 4 ITCs.

Awards

• Order of Lenin (December 11, 1965)
• Order of Lenin (July 10, 1985) - for the successes achieved by the workers of the MASSR in economic and cultural construction, and in connection with the 500th anniversary of the entry of the Mordovian people into the Russian state
• Order of the October Revolution (January 9, 1980)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (December 29, 1972)

Administrative division

Capital of the Republic of Mordovia: .

Administrative division of Mordovia

The Republic of Mordovia includes 22 districts and 3 cities of republican subordination -, and.

1. Ardatovsky district
2. Atyuryevsky district
3. Atyashevsky district
4. Bolshebereznikovsky district
5. Bolsheignatovsky district
6. Dubyonsky district
7. Elnikovsky district
8. Zubovo-Polyansky district
9. Insarsky district
10. Ichalkovsky district
11. Kadoshkinsky district
12. Kovylkinsky district
13. Kochkurovsky district
14. Krasnoslobodsky district
15. Lyambirsky district
16. Ruzaevsky district
17. Romodanovsky district
18. Staroshaigovsky district
19. Temnikovsky district
20. Tengushevsky district
21. Torbeevsky district
22. Chamza district

Mokshans make up the majority in Atyuryevsky (90.27%), Torbeevsky (62.55%), Staroshaigovsky (59.48%), Zubovo-Polyansky (52.14%) and Kovylkinsky (51.72%) districts.

Erzyan - in Kochkurovsky (92.14%), Dubyonsky (86.4%), Atyashevsky (84.72%), Bolsheignatovsky (83.47%), Ardatovsky (57.85%) and Bolshebereznikovsky (56.84%) areas.

In other areas, including the urban district of Saransk, the majority of the population is Russian.

Settlements

There are 7 cities, 13 urban-type settlements and 1,250 rural settlements in Mordovia.

Settlements with a population of more than 5,000 people.

Economy

In 2016, positive dynamics were noted in all sectors of the economy, including industry, agriculture, and construction. Investments in fixed assets have increased, and interest in the republic from foreign investors is increasing. The farmers of Mordovia achieved impressive results - production growth in the industry amounted to 112 percent. For the first time, processing industry enterprises have equaled the production volumes of large-scale industry.

The volume of work in the construction industry of the republic increased by 15 percent and exceeded 27 billion rubles. This was largely facilitated by the unprecedented program of preferential mortgages launched in Mordovia at 5 percent per annum. The program has proven its effectiveness; 2 thousand people have already taken advantage of the unique conditions, thereby investing about 4 billion rubles additionally in the construction industry of the republic.

The most important task of the authorities in 2016 was to ensure wage growth ahead of inflation. This was achieved - wages increased by 7 percent, and inflation was 5.5 percent. In 2017, the goal is to ensure an average increase in wages of 8 percent, despite the fact that inflation is projected at 4.5 percent.

Due to the active modernization of existing and creation of new modern production facilities, the republic has achieved significant results in innovative development. Mordovia has become one of the leading regions in the country in terms of the share of innovative products in the total volume of industrial production, which today exceeds 28 percent. This is almost twice the national average.

Positive dynamics are also observed in the social sphere. For the third year in a row, the republic has recorded a migration increase in population - in 2016 it amounted to about 3 thousand people.

Transport routes connecting Moscow with the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia pass through the republic. The capital of Mordovia, the city of Saransk, became one of the cities that hosted matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Saransk is the winner of the competition “The most comfortable urban (rural) settlement in Russia”

At the end of 2011, Saransk was recognized as the winner for the title of “The Most Comfortable Urban (Rural) Settlement in Russia” among Category I cities. The competition commission assessed municipalities according to 60 criteria, the main ones being improvement and infrastructure development. Saransk has participated in the competition since 2004, winning 2nd degree diplomas 4 times and 3rd degree diplomas 2 times.

In 2012, Saransk took second place in the World Bank's Doing Business in Russia ranking. The results of the subnational study by the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) were presented on June 21, 2012. The Doing business (investment attractiveness) rating is one of the main ones used by investors when making decisions about investing in the economy of a country or region. The results of the study, containing a comparative analysis of the regulation of business activities in 30 cities of Russia, showed that it is easier to register a company, obtain construction permits, connect to power grids and register ownership in the capital of Mordovia.

Minerals

• Alekseevskoe deposit of cement raw materials - used at the plants of Mordovcement OJSC in the Chamza region.
• Deposit of phosphorites, oil shale and minor iron ores.
• Atemar limestone deposit

Industry

The main industries of Mordovia are mechanical engineering and metalworking. Also developed are iron foundries, chemical and petrochemical industries, light and food industries. Energy is based on the use of thermal power plants. According to 2016 data, the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products amounted to up to 30 percent. Leading industrial enterprises of Mordovia are among the best enterprises of the Volga Federal District and Russia; they cooperate closely with foreign partners. Thus, joint projects of the republic’s enterprises with the telecommunications companies Alcatel and Nokia are being developed, the Saransk branch of the SUN InBev brewing corporation, and the branch of the Danone-Unimilk group of companies “Saransky Dairy Plant” are operating.

Agriculture

Agriculture is one of the main sectors of material production in the republic. Thanks to the active use of new world-class technologies, the commissioning of new capacities, and the constant improvement of the qualifications of employees of the agro-industrial complex of Mordovia, it is one of the leading in the country. In terms of production of eggs, milk and cattle meat per capita, the region ranks first in Russia. The region's agro-industrial complex is represented by enterprises that are recognized leaders of the Volga Federal District and Russia. In technical and technological terms, most agricultural organizations achieve the highest standards.

CJSC "AgroArdatov" ("Talina"); Agrosoyuz LLC; OJSC Poultry Farm Atemarskaya; OJSC "Atyashevsky Butter Plant"; LLC Meat Processing Complex Atyashevsky (Talina); LLC "Vector"; JSC "Yolochka"; OJSC "Cheese-making plant "Ichalkovsky""; Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Krasnoslobodsky Butter Factory"; JSC "Lamzur"; OJSC "Moloko"; LLC "Moloko"; LLC Agrofirm Mordovzernoresurs; JSC "Dream"; CJSC "Mordovian Bacon" ("Talina"); “Mordovian bacon-Kovylkino” (“Talina”); OJSC "Mordovian Bread Products Plant" ("Talina"); OJSC "Mordovian Agro-Industrial Association"; JSC "Mordovspirt"; JSC "Nadezhda"; OJSC “Agrofirm “Norov””;

State Unitary Enterprise RM “Meat processing plant “Obrochensky””; OJSC "Agrofirm "Oktyabrskaya"" Romodanovosugar LLC; OJSC "Sun Inbev"; OJSC Saransk Pasta Factory; OJSC Saransk Bread Factory; OJSC "Saransky Cannery"; CJSC Meat Processing Complex Saransky (Talina); OJSC Saransky Dairy Plant (branch of Danone-Unimilk); Agro-industrial holding "Talina"; LLC "Agrofirma Temnikovskaya"; CJSC "Tengushevskoye"; State Unitary Enterprise RM “Teplichnoe”; CJSC Meat Processing Complex Torbeevsky (Talina); OJSC "Bread Factory"; OJSC APO "Elecom"; LLC "Bakhet"; LLC "Agrofirm "Yubileinaya""; LLC "Cheese plant "Sarmich""; JSC "Ruzovo"

Energy

• Saranskaya CHPP-2 - 340 MW (construction of the fourth stage with a capacity of 110 MW is underway);
• Alekseevskaya CHPP-3 - 9 MW;

Transport

• “Historical” direction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, large locomotive depot and wagon depot Ruzaevka, wagon depot Saransk, wagon depot Red Knot
• Double-track electrified direct current line Red Knot - - Ruzaevka -

Ruzaevka station is a major junction of the Kuibyshev Railway, receiving trains in the eastern direction. In fact, today Ruzaevka is becoming part of a single agglomeration with Saransk. The journey from Ruzaevka railway station to the center of Saransk takes 15-20 minutes. In 2018, a high-speed train will pass through Ruzaevka, which will provide communication with Saransk, the host city of the World Cup.

• Single-track non-electrified lines Krasny Uzel -, Krasny Uzel - and Kustarevka - Vernadovka
• Saransk Airport
• Federal highway section M5"Ural" with access to the city of Saransk.
• Federal roads P178 Saransk - Surskoye - , P158- - Saransk - Issa - -
• Oil product pipeline -
• A network of main gas pipelines, including the largest Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod, compressor stations in the villages of Barashevo and Yavas, and the town of Torbeevo
• Sections of the long-distance power transmission line - Zhigulevskaya HPP and the main -

Investments in the Republic of Mordovia

The investment policy of Mordovia is based on the principles of supporting investors and ensuring mutually beneficial and comfortable partnership.

To create the most comfortable business environment to attract investment in the regional economy, a regional development institute was created - Development Corporation of the Republic of Mordovia LLC. The Corporation faces 5 key tasks:

1. Development of industrial sites;
2. Attracting and supporting investors using the “one window” principle;
3. Finding funding and preparing projects for financial institutions, both private and public;
4. Development of public-private partnership mechanisms
5. Investment marketing of the region.

The following government support measures are available to investors (in the Republic of Mordovia):

• Providing tax benefits: reducing income tax rates; exemption from property tax; exemption from land tax.
• Subsidizing part of the bank loan rate.
• Providing a guarantee from the Guarantee Fund of the Republic of Moldova.
• Possibility of providing enterprises with energy resources in the amount of up to 500 MW. electricity and up to 3 billion m3 of gas per year.
• Selection of investment site.
• Investment project support.

Detailed information is available on the official website of the Development Corporation of the Republic of Mordovia.

Culture

The very first museum in Mordovia was opened in the city of Temnikov with the support of local nobles (among the patrons were the descendants of Admiral Ushakov, the grandparents of the writer Kuprin, the descendants of the metallurgists Demidovs, etc.) The museum collections consisted of more than 3 thousand exhibits. In 1956, the museum was closed (around the same time, all but one of the Temnikov churches were destroyed), the exhibits were transferred to the Republican Museum of Local Lore.

Modern largest museums: Mordovian Republican United Museum of Local Lore with 9 branches in the regions of the republic, Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts named after S. D. Erzya with 3 branches, Temnikovsky Museum of History and Local Lore named after Admiral F. F. Ushakov, Museum of Military and Labor Feat c branch - the museum of A. I. Polezhaev. In addition to state ones, the republic has more than a hundred small museums on a voluntary basis, including those created at educational institutions and some enterprises.

The largest library of the republic is the Pushkin National Library. As part of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mordovian State University named after. N.P. Ogarev" there is also the largest Scientific Library named after. M. M. Bakhtin. M. M. Bakhtin is the most prominent Russian philosopher and thinker, theorist of European culture and art. Lived and worked in Saransk.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the sculptor Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, who took his pseudonym from the name of the Mordovian people “Erzya”, gained world fame. The significance of his work is widely promoted in the republic, since in his works he paid significant attention to Mordovian culture.

Composer Leonid Ivanovich Voinov became famous in Mordovia. Streets in Saransk and Temnikov, music schools in Saransk and Temnikov, and an orchestra of Russian folk instruments are named after him.

The State Puppet Theater of the Republic of Mordovia is widely known in Russia. The main repertoire of the theater is folk tales.

National Erzya and Moksha culture is represented by several popular performers performing modern songs in the Moksha and Erzya languages, as well as several groups performing traditional music. Among them, the Torama group, founded in 1990 by Vladimir Romashkin, stands out. Performers of Moksha and Erzya songs present their repertoire in the republic, as well as at events dedicated to Finno-Ugric culture in Russia and abroad.

Center of the Finno-Ugric World

The Republic of Mordovia is one of the recognized centers of the Finno-Ugric world. Since July 2002, the central office of the Association of Finno-Ugric Peoples of Russia has been located in Saransk.

In 2006, on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and with the participation of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, the Volga Region Center for the Cultures of Finno-Ugric Peoples was created in Mordovia. Its structural unit is the Interregional Scientific Center for Finno-Ugric Studies of Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogarev, which operates the cultural sector on the basis of the Institute of National Culture of Moscow State University named after N. P. Ogarev. The scientific journal “Finno-Ugric World” and “Finno-Ugric Newspaper” are published in Saransk, which are circulated both in Russia and abroad.

In July 2007, the international festival “Shumbrat, Finno-Ugria!” was held in Saransk, in which about 3,000 representatives of Finno-Ugric peoples from all over Russia and foreign countries took part. In 2009, the Republic hosted the IV Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Russian Federation.

Millennium of unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state

In August 2012, the Republic of Mordovia celebrated the Millennium of the unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state - an event of national significance.

Education

In the republic, since the 1960s, the number of schools teaching Mordovian languages ​​has gradually decreased: in the 1960/61 academic year there were 550, by 1988/89 there were 319 left. In the 1990s, there was a sharp increase in the number of students studying the Erzyan language as a subject in state and municipal schools of the republic: in 1990 there were 5802, and in 2000 there were already 7640. On the contrary, the number of children studying Moksha decreased: from 10774 to 7495. In 2010, out of 419 schools, 161st were taught in their native language ( non-Russian) language: in 137 schools - in one Izmordovian language, in 24 - in Tatar. In other schools, Mordovian languages ​​were taught in primary grades in 2010. There are 9 higher educational institutions in the Republic of Mordovia.

• Mordovian State University named after Nikolai Platonovich Ogarev. Founded on October 1, 1931 as a Pedagogical Institute, on October 2, 1957 it was transformed into a university. Currently there are 14 faculties and 7 institutes. In total, about 25,000 students study at Moscow State University. It is the largest classical university in the Volga region. It ranks 42nd in the ranking of classical universities and 13th in the ranking of universities that train the country's personnel for the highest echelons of power. In 2010, it received the category “National Research University”.

In order to prevent extremism and harmonize interethnic relations among young people, on March 2, 2014 at the Information and Situational Center of Moscow State University. N.P. Ogarev held a round table where they discussed the development of interethnic interaction and the education of civic identity among young people. The result of the work was the opening in Mordovia of a regional branch of the All-Russian Interethnic Union of Youth

• Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after Makar Evsevievich Evseviev. Founded June 30, 1962. Currently there are 9 faculties. About 6,000 students study. In the 2004 rating of the Russian Educational Institution, the institute took 36th place among 78 pedagogical universities.
• Saransk Cooperative Institute of the Russian University of Cooperation. Founded on September 23, 1976. About 7,000 students study at SKI RUK. The Saransk Cooperative Institute provides three-stage training: lyceum - technical school - university. The cooperative technical school trains mid-level specialists in 5 specialties, higher education is conducted in 4 specialties. In 2005, the university became a diploma winner of the “Best Goods of Mordovia” competition in the “Services” category.
• Mordovian Humanitarian Institute. The Institute began its work on November 19, 1993 as a branch of the Moscow External Humanitarian University. Since 1994 it has been functioning as an independent institution of higher professional education. Currently, about 2000 people are studying at the university. Training of specialists is carried out in 3 specialties in 9 departments. In April 2004, the institute was awarded the international award of the Global Resources Management Association “Gold Ingot” as the most sustainable enterprise in Russia and Eastern Europe.
• Ruzaevsky Institute of Mechanical Engineering (branch) of Mordovia State University. N. P. Ogareva.
• Saransk branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy.
• Middle Volga (Saransk) branch of the Russian Legal Academy of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
• Branch of the Volgo-Vyatka Academy of Public Administration in Saransk.
• Branch of the Samara State Transport University in Ruzaevka.

Mordovia is one of 15 regions in which, from September 1, 2006, the subject of Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture was introduced as a regional component of education.

Religion

The main world religions are represented on the territory of Mordovia: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, etc. Most residents of the republic profess Orthodoxy. The region is represented by 3 dioceses: Saransk, Krasnoslobodsk and Ardatovsk. The ruling bishop is Metropolitan Zinovy ​​of Saransk and Mordovia. The central cathedral of Saransk is the Cathedral of the holy righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov.

On the territory of the republic there are ancient monasteries that have become places of pilgrimage for thousands of people from all over the country. Monasteries of the republic: Sanaksarsky monastery (Temnikov), St. John the Theologian (Makarovka village), Holy Trinity (B. Chufarovo village), Alexander Nevsky (Kimlyai village); women's: Paraskeva-Voznesensky (Paigarm village), Svyato-Tikhvinsky (Kurilovo village), Svyato-Olginsky (Insar). There are 3 spiritual administrations of Muslims in Mordovia - the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Mordovia, the Regional Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Mordovia and the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Mordovia.

The religious situation in the Republic of Mordovia is stable and religiously tolerant. In close cooperation between traditional religious organizations and republican ministries and departments, various events are regularly held to help preserve and strengthen public harmony, interethnic and interfaith peace in the republic.

Sport

In May 2010, a cooperation agreement was signed between the Republic of Mordovia and the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation, which provides for cooperation in the development of 22 sports in the region. Mordovia has been identified as the base center for the development of 7 summer and 3 winter “core” Olympic sports. In 2013, it is planned to increase their number to 22. At a meeting of the Council on Physical Education and Sports under the President of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Mordovia was named among the four best regions of the country for the development of mass physical education movement.

The list of Mordovian athletes-candidates for Russian sports teams includes 112 people. Mordovia trained 150 athletes in various sports for the London Olympics. Mordovia exhibits more than 18 national athletes per 100,000 inhabitants. The symbolic Mordovian team includes a large number of winners and prize-winners of the most prestigious competitions. It includes 3 Champions and 3 Olympic medalists, 27 World Champions, 20 European Champions, 21 World and European Cup winners, 19 European and World Championship winners. Among the best are Olympic champions Alexey Mishin, Olga Kaniskina, Valery Borchin, and Olympic medalist Denis Nizhegorodov. At the youth and adult levels, the Mordovian sports school has victories of Stanislav Emelyanov, Tatyana Shemyakina, Alexey Bartsaykin, Vyacheslav Pakhomov, Alexey Yufkin and many others.

Among the athletes who moved to Mordovia from other regions of the country are discus thrower Daria Pishchalnikova, track and field athlete Yuri Borzakovsky, shot putter Anna Avdeeva. Since August 2011, the leading Perm figure skating coach, Lyudmila Kalinina, has been working in Mordovia. Some of her students moved with her. Among them are European Championship medalists and Olympic participants Vera Bazarova and Yuri Larionov.

Athletes of Mordovia at the 2012 Olympics

At the 2012 Olympics in London, representatives of Mordovia won five awards. In race walking, medals were won by students of the Mordovian race walking school under the leadership of the Honored Coach of Russia Viktor Chegin. “Gold” was won by Elena Lashmanova at a distance of 20 km and Sergey Kirdyapkin at a distance of 50 km. "Silver" - Olga Kaniskina. Two medals were won by the athletes of the school of highest sportsmanship. Discus thrower Daria Pishchalnikova opened the medal count for Mordovia with her “silver”, and runner Ekaterina Poistogova finished it with “bronze”.

At the 2012 Paralympic Games in London, Mordovian athlete Evgeny Shvetsov became a three-time champion in the 100, 400 and 800 meters. At the same time, he set new world records at all three distances. .

Preparations for the 2018 FIFA World Cup

By the decision of the International Union of Football Associations, Saransk received the right to host matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. This was announced on September 29, 2012.

The republic is undergoing large-scale preparations for this event of global significance. The greatest attention is paid to the development of road infrastructure. It is planned to build an overpass across the Insar River from the center of Saransk to the Zarechny district. By 2018, a high-speed train “Moscow - Samara” will run with a stop in Ruzaevka, making it possible to get from Moscow to Ruzaevka in 4-6 hours. With the construction and reconstruction of roads, Mordovia will prepare proposals for connecting them with tourist routes: Diveevo (via Temnikov), Sanaksar, access to Ryazan and Murom (via Tengushevo), etc.

By 2018, a temporary terminal will be built, which will increase the capacity of Saransk airport to 1000 people (it currently receives up to 100 people per hour). By the championship, Saransk Airport will receive international status.

To host matches, a new 45,000-seat Mordovia Arena stadium is being built, which after the championship will be transformed into a 26,000-seat stadium. Mordovia Arena will become not only a stadium, but a sports and cultural center that will house shops, supermarkets, restaurants, tennis courts, basketball and volleyball courts. Part of the space will be given over to dealership centers of the largest automakers.

In preparation for the World Cup in Saransk, it is planned to demolish a large number of dilapidated housing. The first houses in the Yubileiny microdistrict are already ready for occupancy. By 2018, the microdistrict will be completely built up. 33 thousand residents will live here. After the World Cup, apartments in six 32-story buildings will be provided to large families, orphans and the disabled. A five-star hotel is currently being built in the city center on the embankment of the Saranka River and will be commissioned in 2014. The teams that will play in Saransk in 2018 will be accommodated in a four-star hotel near the children's park and Olympia (both hotels will have 85 beds). The Saransk Hotel will receive four stars. All student dormitories will be reconstructed and equipped in the format of two-star hotels.

Great attention is paid to developing infrastructure and improving the level of service in Saransk. Several large shopping complexes will open in the city. In 2012, the RIO shopping and entertainment complex began operating; in 2015, the City Park shopping and entertainment center was opened on Khimmash (not far from the monument to Emelyan Pugachev); shopping complexes will also appear in Svetotechstroy and South-West.

mass media

The first newspaper on the territory of Mordovia was published in 1906, when the newspaper “Muzhik” began publishing in Saransk. Today, about 100 print media outlets are registered in Mordovia; Branches of major Russian newspapers operate.

The republic publishes 1 daily newspaper - “Izvestia of Mordovia” (published on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays) and the weekly newspapers “ProGorod”, “Capital S”, “Evening Saransk”, “Mordovia”, “Young Republic”, “Selskaya Gazeta”, “TV Week”, “Telesem”, “Mokshen Pravda”, “Erzyan Pravda”, “Yuldash-Sputnik”. 22 regional newspapers are also published.

Printed publications

Newspapers

• "Evening Saransk";
• “Voice of Mordovian University”;
• "From hand to hand";
• "Izvestia of Mordovia";
• “Moksha truth” - in Moksha language;
• "Young Republic";
• "Capital C";
• "Number six";
• “Erzyan Mastor” - in Erzyan language;
• “Erzyan truth” - in Erzyan language;
• "Rural newspaper"
• "Yuldash" ("Sputnik") - in the Tatar language;
• "Informagro" - industry newspaper;

Magazines

• "Business world";
• "Integration of Education";
• "Regionology";

A television

There are two regional TV channels in the republic - a branch of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Russia", the private "Television Network of Mordovia" (channel 10). There are also 12 TVK “Saransk Television”, which is a city channel.

In addition, in Saransk at the Mordovian State University. N.P. Ogarev, there is Ogarev-TV, which broadcasts within the university, as well as in the format of Internet television.

Internet publications

There are 3 regional news agencies in the republic: “Vestnik of Mordovia” (http://www.vestnik-rm.ru), “MordovMedia” (http://www.mordovmedia.ru) and “Info-RM” (http:// info-rm.com). The Internet portal Website of government bodies of the Republic of Mordovia (e-mordovia.ru) also operates in the format of an information agency. Among the independent online publications in the region, one can highlight the City Ratings portal (http://cityratings.ru/).

Power

The basic law is the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia.

In 1991, the post of president was established in Mordovia, like some other former autonomous republics (in the “wave” of sovereignization).

In the popular elections that same year, Vasily Guslyannikov, a physicist by training and a senior researcher at the Institute of Power Electronics, who at that time headed the republican branch of the Democratic Russia political movement, was elected president.

In 1993, the Supreme Council of Mordovia abolished the post of president, on the basis of which V. Guslyannikov was removed from this post. Guslyannikov appealed the actions of the highest legislative body of the republic to the Constitutional Court of Russia, but the Constitutional Court recognized them as consistent with the Constitution of Russia.

In September 1995, Nikolai Merkushkin, who had held the post of Chairman of the State Assembly of Mordovia since January 1995, was elected Head of the Republic of Mordovia.

N. Merkushkin won the elections of the head of the republic also in 1998 and 2003. Despite the fact that Merkushkin’s third term was expiring in 2008, he raised the issue of trust with the Russian President, which was resolved in favor of the current head of Mordovia and he remained for a fourth term.

On May 10, 2012, N.I. Merkushkin left the post of Head of the Republic of Mordovia in connection with his resignation and one-time appointment as acting governor. Vladimir Volkov was appointed temporary acting Head of the Republic of Mordovia. On May 14, 2012, the State Assembly of the Republic of Mordovia approved Vladimir Volkov as Head of the Republic of Mordovia.

The Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Mordovia since 2012 is Vladimir Sushkov.

In the Republic of Mordovia there are regional representations of the main political parties: “United Russia”, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, LDPR, “A Just Russia”, “Yabloko”, “Right Cause”. The parliament of the republic - the State Assembly of the Republic of Moldova - includes deputies from United Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. However, other political forces have the opportunity to work publicly, for example, in the Public Chamber of Mordovia.

The President of Russia about Mordovia

On December 20, 2012, the traditional press conference of Russian President V.V. Putin was held in Moscow. More than 1,200 Russian and foreign journalists attended the meeting. At the press conference, the successes of Mordovia in various fields of economics, culture, and sports were noted. The positive experience of the region in the development of interethnic relations was cited as an example. “Mordovia is one of the best examples of a multinational republic, where relations between different ethnic groups and religions are absolutely harmoniously built,” noted V.V. Putin.

Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Mordovia six times.

The first visit took place on December 2, 1999, when Vladimir Vladimirovich still held the post of Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. Putin visited a number of industrial and social enterprises and praised the changes taking place in the region.

Vladimir Putin's second visit to Saransk lasted 2 days - July 7 and 8, 2002, when the president held a meeting with the leaders of the regions of the Volga Federal District.

The third trip took place on August 10, 2006, during the visit V.V. Putin took part in the opening ceremony of the monument to the holy righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov in Saransk.

The next visit took place in the summer of 2007. The President visited Mordovia with his colleagues - President of Finland Tarja Halonen and Prime Minister of Hungary Ferenc Gyurcsany - to take part in the international festival “Shumbrat, Finno-Ugria” on July 19.

In June 2011, Putin visited the Institute of National Philology and Culture of the Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, held a meeting of the Organizing Committee for the preparation and holding of the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state, and also took part in the second All-Russian Forum of Rural Settlements in the village of Atemar.

In August 2012, the President took part in the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state. Near the monument “Forever with Russia,” Putin addressed the residents of Mordovia. At the House of the Republic, he held the first meeting of the Presidential Council for Interethnic Relations.

Honorary citizens

Notes

1. Gross regional product per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
2. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
3. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
4. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
5. Both names are official and equivalent according to the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia, Art. 1, paragraph 2
6. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Art. 5, pp. 12
7. Yamashkin A. A. Physico-geographical conditions and landscapes of Mordovia: Textbook. allowance. - Saransk: Publishing house. Mordov. University, 1998. - ISBN 5-7103-0380-1.
8. Nature of the Republic of Mordovia: Physiographic characteristics of Mordovia
9. Mordovia
10. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
11. Mordovia: Statistical Yearbook. - Saransk: Mordoviastat, 2010. - P. 52. - 444 p. - 100 copies.
12. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
13. Number and distribution of the population of the Republic of Mordovia. Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Retrieved January 19, 2015. Archived January 19, 2015.
14. The head of Mordovia, Vladimir Volkov, congratulated media workers on Russian Press Day. Official website of public authorities of the Republic of Moldova.
15. The head of Mordovia congratulated the winners of journalistic competitions, including Vestnik Mordovia. Bulletin of Mordovia.
16. The head of Mordovia, Vladimir Volkov, congratulated media workers on Russian Press Day.
17. Innovation in Mordovia: what is the secret of the region's success?. Regional comments.
18. All-Russian competition for the title “The most comfortable urban (rural) settlement in Russia”
19. Message from the Head of the Republic of Mordovia to the State Assembly of the Republic of Moldova. January 27, 2012
20. All about Mordovia: Encyclopedic reference book / comp. N. S. Krutov, E. M. Golubchik, S. S. Markova. - Saransk: Mordov. book publishing house, 2005. - 840 p. - ISBN 5-7595-1662-0.
21. http://static.iea.ras.ru/books/Pravovoy_status_FU_narodov.pdf P.181
22. http://static.iea.ras.ru/neotlozhka/183-Finno-Ugor.pdf P. 23
23. http://static.iea.ras.ru/books/Pravovoy_status_FU_narodov.pdf P. 183
24. A regional branch of the All-Russian Interethnic Youth Union will operate in Mordovia
25. A branch of the All-Russian Interethnic Youth Union was established in Mordovia. Archived on March 27, 2015.
26. From September 1, many schools across the country will add another compulsory subject - the basics of Orthodoxy. Newsru, August 30, 2006.
27. Website of the Saransk Diocese of the Mordovian Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church: Monasteries
28. From the history of Mordovian sports
29. On the eve of the International Forum “Russia - a Sports Power”, Mordovia has become one of the most sporting regions of the country
30. Famous Russian figure skating coach Lyudmila Kalinina now works in Mordovia
31. Mordovia brought five medals to the Russian team at the Olympics
32. Ministry of Press and Information of the Republic of Mordovia. mprm.e-mordovia.ru. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
33. OGAREV TV. tv.mrsu.ru. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
34. Kremlin.ru: The President accepted the resignation of the Head of the Republic of Mordovia
35. RIA Novosti: Samara Governor Artyakov resigned
36. Vladimir Volkov was approved as the Head of the Republic of Mordovia
37. Government of the Republic of Mordovia - official server of public authorities of Mordovia
38. Press conference of Vladimir Putin

Literature

• All about Mordovia: Encyclopedic reference book / Compiled by: N. S. Krutov, E. M. Golubchik, S. S. Markova. - Saransk: Mordov. book publishing house, 2005. - 840 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-7595-1662-0.(in translation)
• Ruchin A. B., Artaev O. N. Fish, amphibians and reptiles of the Republic of Mordovia. Atlas. - Saransk, 2007.

Links

• Guide to the Republic of Mordovia
• Government server
• Laws and regulations of the Republic of Mordovia
• Agricultural portal of the Republic of Mordovia
• List of cultural heritage monuments of the Republic of Mordovia on Wikivoyage

January 10, 1930 after the transformation of the Mordovian Okrug into the Mordovian Autonomous Region. On December 20, 1934, the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created. In 1990, the Supreme Council of the Mordovian ASSR adopted the Declaration on the state status of the Mordovian Republic, according to which the Mordovian ASSR was transformed into the Mordovian SSR. In January 1994, it was renamed the Republic of Mordovia.

The population of the republic is 809.9 thousand people (as of November 1, 2014).

The main nationalities living on the territory of the republic: Russians, Mordovians - Moksha and Erzya, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians.

The Republic of Mordovia is an example of how a region that does not have natural resources and innovative development can develop.

The most important stage in the innovative development of the economy of Mordovia is the creation of a federal-level technology park in the field of high technology on the territory of the republic. One of its main elements is intended to be the Innovation and Production Complex, created on the basis of the Research Institute of Light Sources named after A.N. Lodygina and includes companies implementing projects related to the development of materials and electronics components and element base for information and communication technologies. One of the base sites of the technology park is Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, which received the status of a national research university. The residents of the technology park included the largest companies from Moscow, St. Petersburg and other Russian regions.

Currently, the Technopark hosts 44 resident companies in its six specializations, and more than 1,200 jobs have been created.

The Center for Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials of the Republic of Mordovia, based in the Technopark, has formed a portfolio of projects worth almost half a billion rubles. These include five international projects with the participation of representatives from Germany, the USA, Finland and Sweden.

In 2014, Mordovia achieved the best industrial production index in the Volga region - 112%. Investments in fixed capital amounted to more than 50 billion rubles, the share of innovative products was 29% (in 2013 - 23%). The industry of Mordovia is focused on the production of knowledge-intensive, high-tech, import-substituting products.

The priority areas of investment activity are the production of cable and wire products, semiconductor devices and power converter equipment, the development of carriage building, lighting engineering, cement production, food processing industries, and the development of the production of new types of construction products and materials.

The Republic is one of the three federal subjects with the most developed agro-industrial complex. It occupies a leading position in terms of the volume of livestock and poultry production in farms of all categories per capita.

Among the main attractions of the republic are the Stepan Erzya Museum of Fine Arts, the Cathedral of St. Theodore Ushakov - the tallest religious building in the Volga region, the Sanaksar Monastery, the Mordovian National Drama Theater, the Republican United Museum of Local Lore, the national cultural center in the village of Staraya Terizmorga, the Ice Palace and the sports complex "Mordovia". Also on the territory of the republic there is the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after Smidovich.

2018 FIFA World Cup in Saransk. For this event, a football stadium with 45 thousand seats will be built in the city, and the Tavla hotel complex will be built nearby, which after completion will become a complex of residential buildings.

Football club "Mordovia" is the leader of republican football.

Among the famous natives of the republic are sculptor Stepan Erzya (Nefedov), artist Fedot Sychkov, poet Alexander Polezhaev, composer and conductor Leonid Voinov, Army General Maxim Purkaev, Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal Sergei Akhromeev, pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Devyataev, cosmonaut, Hero Russia Vladimir Dezhurov.

In February 2013, the famous French actor Gerard Depardieu issued permanent registration in Saransk. In May 2013, he received a certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur and a taxpayer identification number in Mordovia. It is planned to open a cinema center named after Gerard Depardieu and a restaurant serving French and Russian cuisine in the republic.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Volga Federal District. The Republic of Mordovia. Area 26.12 thousand sq. km. Formed on January 10, 1930.
Administrative center of the federal district - city ​​of Saransk.

Cities of the Republic of Mordovia:

The Republic of Mordovia- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Volga Federal District, located in the eastern part of the East European Plain. The rivers belong to the Oka and Volga river basins, the largest of the Mordovian rivers: Moksha, Vad, Satis and Sivin. There are several thousand lakes, ponds and reservoirs.

The Republic of Mordovia is part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking; light and food industries are also developed. In addition, iron foundries, chemical and petrochemical industries, and light industry are developed. The republic's agriculture specializes in animal husbandry for meat and dairy production and the cultivation of grain and fodder crops. Poultry farming is developed.
Mordovia does not have a variety of natural resources. Its main wealth is its fertile land. Mineral resources include deposits of limestone, various clays, peat, and chalk.

In the 1920s, after the end of the Civil War, the issue of forming national autonomies of the peoples of the Volga and Urals regions began to be resolved.
In 1930, the Mordovian Okrug was transformed into the Mordovian Autonomous Region.
On December 20, 1934, the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
In 1990, the Supreme Council of the Mordovian ASSR adopted the Declaration on the state status of the Mordovian Republic, according to which the Mordovian ASSR was transformed into the Mordovian Soviet Socialist Republic.
In January 1994, the MSSR, by decision of its Supreme Council, became known as the Republic of Mordovia.
Awards:
Order of Lenin (December 11, 1965)
Order of Lenin (July 10, 1985) - for the successes achieved by the working people of the MASSR in economic and cultural construction, and in connection with the 500th anniversary of the entry of the Mordovian people into the Russian state
Order of the October Revolution (1980)
Order of Friendship of Peoples (December 29, 1972)

Cities and regions of the Republic of Mordovia.

Cities of the Republic of Mordovia: Ardatov, Insar, Kovylkino, Krasnoslobodsk, Ruzaevka, Temnikov.

Urban districts of the Republic of Mordovia:"Saransk".

Municipal areas: Ardatovsky district, Atyuryevsky district, Atyashevsky district, Bolshebereznikovsky district, Bolsheignatovsky district, Dubensky district, Elnikovsky district, Zubovo-Polyansky district, Insarsky district, Ichalkovsky district, Kadoshkinsky district, Kovylkinsky district, Kochkurovsky district, Krasnoslobodsky district, Lyambirsky district, Romodanovsky district, Ruzaevsky district, Staroshaigovsky district, Temnikovsky district, Tengushevsky district, Torbeevsky district, Chamzinsky district.

In wartime, together with other fraternal peoples, she contributed to the fight against the Nazis and Mordovian ASSR. During the Great Patriotic War natives of the republic, without waiting for summons, went to recruiting stations. In the first 2 months, more than 6 thousand volunteers went to the front.

History of the Mordovian ASSR: first half of the 20th century

In 1918, in the future republic, as well as throughout the country, the construction of military communism was underway. It assumed certain economic, social and political events. In 1918, accelerated nationalization of industry began. The Council of National Economy was formed, and a ban was imposed on private trade and direct exchange of goods between villages and cities. Landowners' estates were confiscated from their owners, and land was redistributed. The country's leadership created various forms of use of the territories. These were agricultural artels, communes, and partnerships for joint work on the land, as well as state and collective farms. In practice, all these measures caused serious harm to the population.

Civil conflict

It began in the same year, 1918. Mordovian counties twice turned into a front-line zone. A significant number of Red Army forces were stationed on the territory of the republic. At the end of May 1918, the corps began. Penza turned out to be a hotbed of uprising. 660 fighters from Ruzaevka and Saransk were sent here to suppress the rebellion. In October 1918, the creation of the First Infantry Regiment began. In April-May 1919, the Bashkir Revolutionary Committee was located in Saransk, forming a division of the same name. In total, more than 70 thousand people were mobilized in Mordovia. Workers and local authorities provided assistance to the army. But the harsh policies of the authorities, especially the surplus appropriation system, increased the discontent of the peasants.

Uprisings

The revolts of 1919 are considered the largest. Representatives of all social strata took part in these uprisings. Along with peasant revolts, protests also began in military units. Deserters began to take part in the uprisings. In July-August, more than 7 thousand of them were identified in Krasnoslobodsky, Insarsky, Saransky, Ruzaevsky, and Narovchatovsky districts.

Policy results

In addition to the victory of the authorities, the elimination of intervention brought devastation to the country's economy. Industrial production decreased significantly, and acreage was cut everywhere. The financial system was experiencing a deep crisis, inflation was high, and tax policy was deteriorating. In 1928, the formation of statehood in the republic began. Fully formation of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic completed in 1934

The beginning of the Second World War

One of the key army training centers was Mordovian ASSR. Districts The republics turned into partisan bases and soldier units. Special formations of tank destroyers, skiers, and underground fighters were trained here. Partisan bases were created in the forests of the Temnikovsky and Zubovo-Polyansky districts. Naval aviation units, sections of an armored train regiment, communications and chemical warfare battalions were also stationed on the territory of the republic.

The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic also became the place of formation of the 326th Infantry Division, which began its journey near Moscow and ended on the banks of the Elbe. A large number of natives of the republic made up the 91st Dukhovshchina Division. About 100 thousand residents were mobilized for the construction of the Sursky border. The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received aircraft at specially equipped airfields.

Industry

The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic had extensive production areas. They housed evacuated equipment from enterprises in the Oryol, Bryansk, Kursk regions, Belarus and Ukraine. Many of them began already in the fall of 1941 to produce products for the front. By mid-1942, the enterprises were operating at full capacity. The restructuring of production took place quite quickly, since it did not require significant changes in technological processes. The commissioning of the Saransk Mechanical Plant and the Elektrovypryamitel enterprise made it possible to form the basis for the development of industry and the creation of a personnel reserve in the post-war years.

Help for other regions

The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received about 80 thousand evacuated citizens. On the territory of the republic, 26 boarding schools and orphanages were formed to accommodate more than 3 thousand children. During the first months of the war, residents fostered and adopted more than 1.3 thousand orphans. The Republic provided all possible assistance to territories particularly affected by the German occupation. In 1942-1943, about 10 thousand heads of cattle and 4 thousand horses were transferred to the Oryol, Smolensk, Tula, and Ryazan regions.

The republic also helped Leningrad. More than 240 thousand residents of different nationalities went to the front from Mordovia. Most of them died. Thousands of soldiers of Mordovia became heroes. Many of them distinguished themselves during the defense of Moscow, the Brest Fortress, Leningrad, Sevastopol, the Kursk Bulge and Stalingrad.

Mordovian ASSR in the post-war years

The battles with the German invaders caused enormous damage to the national economic complex of the entire country. The consequences were also severe for the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Republic suffered huge losses. Most of the working population was drafted to the front. Old people, children and women remained in the villages. The republic experienced a shortage of equipment and machinery. The lack of combines, tractors, and other agricultural equipment caused delays in harvesting and spring field work. The area under crops has decreased significantly, livestock productivity has deteriorated, and the number of livestock has decreased.

As for industry, the machine park was updated here in the post-war years. Production technologies have changed significantly. Along with the reconstruction and expansion of existing enterprises, the construction of new ones began. This is how cement, cable, electric lamp, tool and other factories appeared. By 1950, there was an increase in gross output. However, despite some successes, a downward trend in production has emerged.

Way out of the crisis

The 1950s are considered the most successful period in the development of the country's economy. It was at this time that the basis for the subsequent strengthening of the national economic complex in all regions was formed. In 1959-65. the process of transforming Mordovia from an agricultural to an industrial republic took place. By 1965, more than 12 thousand tractors were used in agriculture, and all operating collective farms were electrified. The total grain yield was 700 thousand tons. There has been a tendency to increase wages. Thus, the salaries of employees and workers increased by more than 25%, and the income of collective farmers almost tripled.