Speech therapy classes in kindergarten: how to do it right

The younger the child, the easier it is to correct shortcomings in any abilities. According to statistics, 8–9% of preschoolers have speech disorders. 5% of primary school students are diagnosed with speech defects. A timely appeal to a speech therapist allows you to identify the problem and create an optimal training program. Speech disorders should not cause self-doubt or failure in school.

Speech therapy classes: theoretical aspect

The first words of the child cause delight in parents. Each speech skill is met with joy. The child learns to pronounce different groups of sounds gradually. Adults rarely specifically teach this to kids, children imitate speech, train on their own. Therefore, parents sometimes do not think about the need to correct children's speech, they think that the shortcomings are due to age and will soon pass by themselves.

In early childhood, speech skills are formed as an imitation of adult speech.

Not all parents know that in most kindergartens there is a teacher-defectologist. A speech therapist is a specialist in correctional pedagogy who diagnoses and corrects speech disorders. The opinion is erroneous that speech therapy classes are shown only to children who do not pronounce the sound [r]. The scope of correctional and developmental activities of a speech therapist is extensive:

• teaching the correct pronunciation of all sounds;
• development of fine motor skills - stimulation of the fingers activates the work of the brain;
• development of coherent speech: construction of simple and compound sentences, replenishment of the active dictionary, the ability to retell;
• development of phonetic hearing - distinguishing sounds;
• formation and improvement of impressive speech - understanding of what is heard.

Teaching correct pronunciation is one of the areas of work of a speech therapist

The initial examination of the child by a speech therapist takes place before entering kindergarten. He draws up a conclusion about the level of speech development and existing violations, fixes it in the medical record. Unfortunately, parents often do not pay attention to the notes of this specialist. And the reason for this is that speech therapists in state clinics immediately warn: we will be engaged in correction closer to school, from the age of 5.

We received a ticket to kindergarten for our son when he was already 3 years old. We decided to go through a medical examination at the same time with him and with our daughter (1 year 10 months), so that she would go to the short stay group in the same preschool. In the polyclinic, the speech therapist refused to accept his daughter: “Children aged 3 years and older are being examined.” The specialist filled out the card only for his son, commenting that the picture is sad: the child pronounces many sounds incorrectly, and “swallows” some at all. The classes were denied: you will come at 5 years old. We were lucky then that a wonderful speech therapist turned out to be in the kindergarten.

The remarks of the speech therapist in the clinic should be taken seriously, but you should not panic either - speech disorders are corrected

If a speech therapist diagnoses "general underdevelopment of speech (OHP)", the child may be referred to a psychological and pedagogical commission. There, in the presence of a parent, the baby is asked general questions (“What is your name?”, “What are your favorite toys?”), It is proposed to complete simple tasks (“Show pictures of vegetables and name them”). Based on the results of the interview, the commission can confirm the diagnosis and send the child to a speech therapy garden or a speech therapy group.

The commission was made up of speech therapists, psychologists and kindergarten teachers. The child was asked various questions on logic, asked to show the colors, asked to name the animals in the pictures, to tell what he sees in the picture. They took us because we had plenty of evidence, we didn’t pronounce many sounds, and in general, we didn’t speak well.

krasotkamirahttps://otzovik.com/review_797898.html

By decision of the psychological and pedagogical commission, the child is sent to a speech therapy group or a correctional kindergarten

General educational kindergartens operate according to programs (“Rainbow”, “From Birth to School”) that do not take into account the needs of children with speech disorders. The education of pupils with speech pathology is built according to correctional and developmental programs:

• T. B. Filicheva, G. V. Chirkina "The program of education and training of children with phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment"
• O. Kireeva "Program of correctional and developmental work with children of senior preschool age in the conditions of a logopoint"
• N. V. Nishcheva "Program of correctional and developmental work for children with OHP", etc.

Children with speech disorders are at risk: they understand the instructions and explanations of the educator worse, they experience difficulties in formulating answers. For pupils of speech therapy groups, the number of group classes is less, more often they are engaged in individual form.

The speech therapy group has its own pace of learning and a lot of remedial classes

The purpose of speech therapy classes is the correction of speech disorders, the formation of correct and beautiful speech in children. A speech pathologist is a specialist in a wide range of fields. He selects exercises to improve the technical side of speech (purity of pronunciation, grammatically correct construction of phrases). At the same time, the speech therapist takes into account the psychological characteristics of children: organizes classes in a playful way, knows about the interests of the pupils. Sometimes younger preschoolers perceive speech therapy classes as entertainment.

Speech therapy classes in younger groups are exciting and are carried out with the help of helper toys

Table: tasks of speech therapy classes

Speech therapy classes combine corrective methods and exercises for the overall cognitive development of children

Types of speech therapy classes

1. Individual lessons are considered the most effective in overcoming speech disorders. In this form, contact and understanding between the speech therapist and the child is successfully established, shy children are liberated. In a lesson with one pupil, various techniques can be used: didactic games, sensory tasks, intellectual tasks in a workbook, articulation and finger gymnastics. The duration and frequency of classes is determined by a specialist and depends on the severity of violations of the articulatory apparatus and the lag in speech development. Usually individual lessons last no more than 20 minutes, are held twice a week. By agreement with a speech therapist, parents are allowed to attend the lesson to get acquainted with the speech therapy methodology.
   

   Our kindergarten does not have a speech therapy group for children under 5 years old. From the age of 4, my son went to individual classes in a speech therapy room. The teacher strongly encouraged me to come to any class. It was an important experience, because I was not familiar with the performance of special exercises. The son had to study not only on Monday and Thursday with Olga Vladimirovna, but also every day at home according to the memo. My advice to parents whose children are engaged with a speech therapist is to come look at articulation exercises in order to avoid mistakes in homework.

   

   Individual lessons are effective due to the establishment of contact with the child and the opportunity to conduct a variety of exercises.

2. Subgroup classes are held with pupils who have the same or similar speech defects. There are 4-6 children of approximately the same age in the class. During the school year, the composition of the mini-group changes, since the degree of violation and the effectiveness of overcoming in children are individual. The advantage of subgroup classes is in conducting joint games, working with a partner. Children develop the communicative side of speech.
   For subgroup classes, for example, children with such disorders are selected:
   
3. Frontal classes are a collective form of work that is carried out with pupils of speech therapy groups. The speech therapist draws up a calendar-thematic lesson plan, taking into account the individual characteristics and correctional needs of children. Frontal classes are held several times a week, the children prepare for them in individual and subgroup classes with a speech therapist, and then repeat the exercises with the teacher.
   Types of frontal lessons for the logo group:
   

How can a speech therapist individualize tasks?

Level differentiation of tasks contributes to the development of positive emotions from the learning process, each student feels successful, coping with the proposed task. Individualization of tasks in the frontal lessons is used when one of the students is already successful in overcoming a shortcoming. These children are offered tasks of an increased level of complexity.

For example, the frontal lesson in the preparatory group is devoted to the analysis of the sound composition of the word: the guys in chorus pronounce sounds, syllables, words with an intonationally distinguished sound. The teacher divides the group into 2 teams, one of which will receive simpler questions for collective answers.

Blue team, name the consonants in the word GOOSE ([g]!).

Green team, name the soft consonant in this word ([c']).

The second task is more difficult, because it requires the ability to determine the hardness / softness of sounds by ear and requires sufficient development of auditory perception and memory.

An individual-personal approach is being implemented in dramatization games in the classroom for the development of coherent speech. Children have a common goal - to reproduce a familiar plot (usually a fairy tale) with the help of dialogues. Older children independently distribute the roles of characters in accordance with their abilities and sympathies: “I want to play the role of Mashenka in a fairy tale, but I doubt that I can cope with her words. I'd rather play a bear cub, I like him too. For pupils of junior and secondary speech therapy groups, the teacher assigns roles, taking into account the skills of the wards.

The speech therapist carries out regular diagnostics of intellectual and speech development, determines the inclinations of children. If a child loves creativity, he is often offered tasks to draw something, connect the dots, circle the stencil and color the picture. The speech component on the topic of the frontal lesson is selected for such exercises. Children who have a penchant for any topic (space, animals, princesses, robots) work with their favorite lexical and visual material. It is not difficult to individualize tasks if you are familiar with the guys. The preparation of such tasks is an indicator of the skill of a speech therapist.

To individualize the task means to take into account the abilities and interests of each

Motivating start of speech therapy classes

The effectiveness of correctional and developmental classes directly depends on the enthusiasm of the pupils. Arbitrary attention and memory predominate in preschoolers: they concentrate on what is interesting and remember the information received. Speech therapy classes should not become routine: the teacher's low-emotional explanations, the mechanical repetition of exercises slow down the correction process.

From the first minutes, children are involved in the learning process. At the initial stage of the lesson, motivation is created by various methods:

• study of visual materials (illustrations, mini-exhibitions, layouts);
• attraction of small forms of folklore (fairy tales, nursery rhymes, jokes, riddles on the topic);
• watching a short video or presentation;
• conducting an informative conversation;
• inclusion in the game form of the lesson;
• creating a problem or surprise situation.

The result of the whole work largely depends on the degree of motivation at the beginning of the lesson.

Table: options for a motivating start to a lesson for different age groups

The study of unusual visual materials creates positive motivation for the upcoming lesson.

Video: open lesson of a speech therapist teacher with a motivating start "Message from Zvukovograd"

Organization of speech therapy classes

Let's talk about conducting frontal and subgroup classes by a speech therapist teacher.

Speech therapy classes have a clear structure, which is slightly different from the construction of classes in general education groups. Working with children with speech disorders synthesizes corrective and educational methods, which is reflected in the lesson plan:

1. Organizing time.
2. Motivating start.
3. Repetition.
4. Training stage (new material).
5. Consolidation.
6. Reflection (conclusions and impressions).

Video: a fragment of a subgroup speech therapy lesson to consolidate the material

At a speech therapy lesson, the teacher uses special techniques to normalize speech abilities. These techniques are applied in all age groups according to the principle "from simple to complex".

Table: speech therapy techniques

At one of the consultations for parents, a speech therapist spoke about the power of the impact of logotales on the abilities of children and their emotional state. A child from an early age is fascinated by fairy tales with their magical heroes and places. The son loves fairy tales in which the characters are naughty, violate any prohibition and look for a solution to the problem. And gradually, we connected the technique of speech therapy fairy tales to the study of the primer. I found in advance in fairy texts, where the main characters are letters and sounds. She added tasks on a problematic topic for us - the pronunciation of hissing and sonorant consonants:

The letter Sh tried to free the passage to the secret door. Let's help her blow off the balloons blocking her way! (Blow cotton balls off the table.)

It seems that there is someone in the dark. Sh-sh-sh-sh...

Video: articulation and breathing exercises

Speech therapy exercises, games, logo tales usually have accompaniment in poetic form. Their content is consistent with the topic of the lesson.

Speech therapist card file

Speech therapy classes are planned within a month within the framework of several lexical topics. Each topic includes new words. These are not only nouns, but also other parts of speech and their forms. If younger preschoolers get acquainted with nouns, adjectives and verbs, then older preschoolers are able to form word forms (for example, diminutive words).

Approximate distribution of topics by month:

• September: "Kindergarten", "Autumn", "Body Parts", "Furniture".
• October: "Vegetables and Fruits", "Household Appliances, Electrical Appliances", "Clothes", "Shoes".
• November: "Furniture", "Dishes", "Toys", "Sports".
• December: "Pets", "Food", "Winter".
• January: "New Year", "Wild Animals", "Poultry".
• February: "Wild Birds", "Mail", "Army Day", "Space".
• March: "March 8", "Family", "Spring", "Adult Work".
• April: "City", "Transport", "Profession", "Insects".
• May: "Forest", "Field-meadow", "Berries-mushrooms", "Trees".

Video: frontal lesson on the topic "Vegetables" in the senior group

Also, speech therapy classes are conducted on the basis of folk tales and artistic poems.

Examples of topics for speech therapy classes on literary texts:

"Fly Tsokotukha",

"Moydodyr",

"Kolobok",

"Aibolit",

Pinocchio

Video: an excerpt from the speech therapy lesson "Fairytale Journey with a Kolobok"

The speech therapist teacher compiles card indexes on the topics of classes and areas of correctional work:

1. Five-minute cards (a set of sensory exercises, games, riddles, gymnastics).
2. Mnemotables (memos with pictures) for the development of coherent speech.
3. Collection of phonemic nursery rhymes.
4. A selection of tongue twisters/pure tongue twisters.

Photo gallery: speech therapy five minutes

Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Professions" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Migratory birds" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Winter" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Furniture" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Dishes" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "New Year" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Aquarium and its inhabitants" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Insects" Speech therapy exercises on the lexical topic "Spring"

Photo gallery: mimic cards

Sequence of picture clues for composing a story about a household appliance Sequence of picture clues for composing a story about a tree Sequence of picture clues for composing a story about a flower Sequence of picture clues for composing a story about a pet Sequence of picture clues for composing a story about an insect Sequence of pictures clues for writing a story about a piece of furniture Cue picture sequence for a story about a wild animal Cue picture sequence for a story about a dishware Cue picture sequence for a story about a fruit or vegetable

Photo gallery: phonemic nursery rhymes

Rhyme for distinguishing phonemes P-G Rhyme for distinguishing phonemes M-L Rhyme for distinguishing phonemes K-D Rhyme for distinguishing phonemes P-T

Photo gallery: tongue twisters for automating sounds

Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (h) Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (p) Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (sh) Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (c) Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (c) Illustrated tongue twisters for sound automation (g)

Table: approximate time plan for a speech therapy lesson

Table: a fragment of the summary of the speech therapy lesson by O. Sazhenkova "The Tale of How the Sun Lost Its Rays" (preparatory group, ONR)

A problematic situation is created in the lesson when children need to complete tasks to help the sun return the rays

Handout for speech therapy

In the speech therapy room, a subject-developing environment is organized in which children are comfortable to study. The logopoint stores many materials used during both frontal and individual lessons. Items are in signed boxes or containers. The child is allowed to take the logo material for study outside the class (of course, with the permission of the teacher).

Handouts for speech therapy classes are divided into several categories.

• Massage attributes for stimulating receptors at the fingertips: balls, balls, rings, rubber and plastic rollers.

  

  Massage balls and other materials are needed for the development of fine motor skills

• Materials for breathing exercises: cotton and balloons, tennis balls, tubes, ribbons, turntables.

  

  For breathing exercises, various balls are most often used.

• Sensory materials: small parts, natural material, accessories, fabric samples, etc. For pupils of the younger group, such material should be safe so that small elements do not get into the respiratory tract.

  

  Materials for the development of fine motor skills can be fixed on cards or boards, then even the smallest children can study them.

• Didactic games: cards and figures for completing tasks in an entertaining way.

  

  A didactic game can be played while studying letters: "Pick a picture for a letter ..."

• Cards and chips for sound-letter word analysis.

  

  Children analyze the composition of the word using a pencil case and chips to indicate vowels and consonants

The work program of a speech therapist

The work program of a speech therapist in kindergarten is compiled in accordance with the target of the Federal State Educational Standard (Federal State Educational Standard) - the education of a comprehensively developed personality. At the same time, the content of the development reflects the provisions of the educational program adopted in the preschool educational institution and the correction program.

The program includes:

• information about pupils: age category, diagnoses (speech defects);
• List of current tasks;
• calendar-thematic planning for the year;
• schedule of diagnostic activities (conversations with pupils, questioning, testing);
• a plan for interaction with other specialists of the preschool educational institution: educator, music director, physical education teacher, psychologist;
• prospective work with parents: consultations, master classes.

1. Characteristics of the contingent of pupils.
2. Features of the organization of the activities of a speech therapist.
3. Organization of the subject environment.
4. The content of the work program.
5. Thematic planning (FFNR, ONR (2.3) first year.
6. Thematic planning (FFNR, ONR (2.3) second year.
7. Plan-program of correctional and developmental work.
8. Formation of sound analysis skills.
9. System for monitoring the effectiveness of the correctional and developmental process.

Oksana Kurbanovahttp://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/rabochaja-programa-583606.html

Video: the structure of the work program of a speech therapist

Analysis of a speech therapy lesson

Analysis of the lesson reveals the effectiveness of the organizational skills of the speech therapist. If shortcomings are found in the preparation or conduct of the lesson, adjustments are outlined in the methodological activities of the teacher.

Introspection protocol:

1. The topic of the lesson, its disclosure.
2. Goals and objectives, their implementation.
3. Preliminary work, was it helpful.
4. Equipment and materials, ease of use, interest of pupils.
5. Class model, activity and mood of children at each stage.
6. Corrective-developing exercises, their effectiveness.

You can evaluate the components of the lesson using a point system. To do this, a technological card is filled out.

Self-analysis forms are filled out by the speech therapist himself and are stored in the specialist’s methodical folder

Table: fragments of the analysis of a speech therapy lesson

Competent and beautiful speech is an indicator of the development of intellectual abilities. It happens that the child has difficulty in pronouncing individual sounds or in building phrases. Timely diagnosis of speech defects and classes with a specialist will help to avoid serious problems in the future.