How to make a sound scheme of a word for grade 1: examples of parsing into sounds, syllables, their designation in Russian, building sentence models + table

With the beginning of autumn, adults often have to sit down for lessons with their children. It is difficult for parents of first-graders, since the elementary school program is quickly forgotten, and educational standards often change. Even before the beginning of reading and writing, when yesterday's preschoolers in grade 1 go through the alphabet, they are given the task of compiling a sound scheme for both a word and a whole sentence. In such cases, parents come to the aid of the Internet with examples and samples.

Sound-letter analysis of words

The study of letters and sounds, their analysis is carried out by a section of the Russian language called phonetics. Transcription is used to decompose a word into sounds. Such analysis is called phonetic. Parents will need to remember what vowels and consonants are, what sounds correspond to them, what iotized vowels are, and how the letters of the first and second rows differ.

Table of vowels and consonants of the Russian language

You can find the letter row in books for elementary grades or on the Internet. As a rule, the letters are arranged in two lines. Vowels are divided into denoting softness and hardness of consonants, the latter - into deaf and voiced, paired and unpaired.

Vowels that determine hardness: a, e, o, u, s. They correspond to the sounds: [a], [e], [o], [y], [s].

Softness vowels: i, e, e, yu, i. They are also called iotated, because these letters consist of two sounds if they are at the beginning, after a vowel, or after soft and hard signs. These letters soften the consonants that precede them.

Consonants are deaf and voiced, they form six pairs:

• B (voiced) - P (deaf);
• V - F;
• Z - S;
• D - T;
• G - K;
• J - Sh.

The remaining consonants are not paired:

• voiced: N, R, L, M, Y;
• deaf: Ts, Shch, X, Ch.

In addition, there are consonants that are always soft or always hard, regardless of the vowel that follows them:

• H, W, Y - always soft.
• W, W, C - always solid.

The letters b and b do not have their own sounds. A soft sign softens the consonant in front, a hard one does not.

The scheme of letters and sounds of the Russian language in the table for the first class is shown in the picture:

In the educational program "School of Russia" it is customary to designate sounds with colors:

• Vowel - red;
• Consonant solid - blue;
• Consonant soft - green.

The merging of a consonant and a vowel is indicated by a rectangle divided in half. One part is painted over in blue or green, the second - in red. Sometimes in this model voiceless and voiced consonants, stress and division into syllables are additionally indicated.

Examples

For a graphic representation of the sound composition of a word, you can pick up colored cards. To facilitate the drawing up of the diagram at the beginning, it is advisable to use the captions on the pictures. In the future, you can independently draw a schematic composition of the word in a notebook by cells using colored pens or pencils.

To show the algorithm for drawing up a diagram, it is better to start with the sound recording of monosyllabic words using a tablet.

For example, three-letter words: oak, cat, poppy, onion, beetle, cancer. First you need to write a transcript.

For the word "oak" it looks like this: [dup]. Next, describe the scheme, where the first two sounds represent the fusion of a solid consonant and a vowel, and the third is a solid consonant. Now we need to graphically depict the result:

• First draw a rectangle.
• Divide it in half diagonally.
• Color the first part in blue, the second in red.
• Then draw a square and color it blue.

The remaining words also fit the resulting scheme.

Variants where one or both of the consonants are soft:

Words of 4 sounds, consisting of a single syllable:

Words with 2 syllables:

A few more examples of 2 syllables or more:

• Cone, pine:

  

• Squirrel, cup: there is a soft consonant

  

• Skirt: Y at the beginning

  

• Banana, giraffe:

  

• Lemon, rooster:

  

• Hedgehog: always hard F and iotated Yo at the beginning

  

• Coat:

  

• Bee, plum:

  

• Crow, dog:

  

• Rocket:

  

How to draft an offer

A common variant of tasks for first graders is to draw up a sentence scheme. This is a simple task. Here it is not required to remember the designations for subjects and predicates. All words in a sentence are indicated by horizontal lines. If the word is capitalized, then a vertical bar is drawn at the beginning of the line. End with a period, exclamation point, or question mark.

Examples

Examples of how to decompose several sentences:

Syllabary Patterns

When teaching reading, first graders are taught how to decompose a word into syllables. To do this, it is enough to remember that a vowel forms a syllable. For example, the word "leaf" has one syllable, and the word "leaves" has two.

Thus, the syllable may consist of:

• From one vowel: Stork, Anchor.
• Start with a consonant and contain a vowel: Tree.
• Consonants without a vowel, Y, b and b depart from the previous syllable: Boy, Heron, Seagull, Kettle.
• Consonants go to the syllable from the vowel: Watermelon, Screen, Astra.
• At the beginning of a word, all consonants join the first vowel: Swift, Dragonfly.

In the pictures, examples of words decomposed into syllables:

Now you can try to decompose the word "Dolphin" into syllables yourself. And solve the next problem.