How to learn to communicate with people? We comprehend the art of effective communication. Literate speech: how to make your speech beautiful How to learn to speak literary language

First of all, you need to eliminate a few mistakes that are most common in speech. To do this, record your public speech or just a meeting with colleagues on a dictaphone. Then analyze your speech on these points to understand what needs to be worked on:

When preparing a public speech or a working meeting with a client, think in advance about what you want to say, sketch out a rough plan and phrases that seem to you to be successful. In no case should you read from a piece of paper. If you feel that your notes are indispensable, prepare small flashcards with keywords - this method is often used by American students and not only.

How to learn to speak beautifully and competently? If you have doubts about the correctness of some accents and, in general, of speech constructions, check them with the help of an online dictionary. You should definitely clarify the meaning of words that you are not sure to use.

A good public speaking doesn't have to be boring or too long. To keep the audience's attention, ask the audience a couple of interesting questions (for example, "Who has already tried this?") And ask the participants to raise their hands. A handout that contains information on the topic can be a good addition to the presentation.

How to learn to speak beautifully: exercises

The development of speech is relevant not only for children of primary school age. Most adults would also benefit from addressing this issue.

1. Find inspirational examples. To do this, you can listen to online lectures, for example, TED. There you will definitely find speakers you like. Analyze their performance and take note of the successful techniques.
2. Read more. The richer your vocabulary, the brighter your speech will become! When preparing for public speaking, do not forget to use a dictionary of synonyms to get rid of repetitions in the text.
3. Compose short stories. How to learn to speak beautifully and express your thoughts correctly? Choose five arbitrary words and try to compose a small coherent text with their help. This is great for training your logic and imagination!
4. Record your future performance on a dictaphone. This way you can correct possible shortcomings in advance.

If the speech apparatus is in order, clear and clear pronunciation is possible.

Then you should learn to speak beautifully, correctly expressing your thoughts out loud. This is the ability to communicate correctly.

Learning to breathe correctly

The most correct for speech breathing is considered when inhalation and exhalation is carried out by increasing and decreasing the chest in the transverse and longitudinal directions. It does this by contracting the diaphragm of the respiratory and abdominal muscles.

It is believed that this breathing is the basis for speech breathing.

How to learn to speak beautifully? "Correct sentences"

• Buy a beautiful notebook or general notebook, or keep a notebook on your computer, phone ..

Write down all the phrases, phrases, aphorisms and words that make you sympathetic.

• Keep a personal diary

Dedicate several hours of time to describe in it the events that happened to you during the day.

• Read good literature (Dostoevsky, Pasternak, Bulgakov, Tolstoy, Pushkin)

Various beautiful sentences will be automatically put in your head, which you can then rebuild and then boldly use in any situation.

• Get some good dictionaries and any book on the culture of speech

The best choice is the writer DE Rosenthal. He has many useful books worthy of your attention.

Conversation Confidence Is Successful!

"Connect" your observation: people will treat you the way you treat yourself! That is why you absolutely need such a component as confidence!

• Try to look directly into the eyes of your interlocutor.

This will boost your self-confidence level. An insecure person constantly looks away somewhere, as if experiencing unreasonable fear.

• Call the interlocutor when speaking by name

His name is a "magic word" that will leave a great impression on you. If you do not remember the name of the person with whom you are talking, correctly ask him about the name.

• Don't brag about your intellectual ability.

Keep it simple and use human-readable language. With its simplicity, you will conquer any interlocutor. He will give you compliments, which will surely add a little more confidence to the "piggy bank" of life experience.

Expand your vocabulary for a beautiful conversation!

Open a book that "fits" a huge number of pages. Read every word you read. Try to memorize more and more new sentences, verbs, adjectives. Reading contributes to the passive accumulation of vocabulary.

Learn by heart poems, excerpts from texts, stories, prose, fairy tales, lyrics, parables, fables…. You can use various audiobooks, fiction. You can download it for free from the Internet. If so it will be more convenient for you to perceive information. Movies, videos are also a good option.

Communicate with people often (in reality and in the virtual world, both in Russian and in English). Use more and more new words in communication, manipulate synonyms.

Write statements and essays. Which topics should you choose? Those that are closer to you in spirit and content.

Speech technique - Orthoepy

Orthoepy is a set of rules for speech pronunciation, which has been recognized as exemplary since the 19th century.

For any business conversation, speech technique is paramount. Its components are: correct literary pronunciation, diction, speech breathing, intonation, speech hearing, stressed syllable and correct stress.

Speech technique is the mastery of business communication through language constructs that are built on the basis of the pitch, tone, strength and euphony of the voice.

Correct diction when speaking will help you speak beautifully.

Diction is the clarity and clarity of speech pronunciation.

Sometimes it is necessary to fight for good diction.

Start with a warm-up exercise. Take a small pencil between your teeth. Say a phrase that consists of at least a dozen words. Do not stop holding your pencil tightly. Take it out and repeat the same phrase.

Do a diaphragm workout. Choose any vowel letter. Take a deep breath. As you exhale, “stretch” (with a voice) the selected letter until your breathing ends. Try to repeat this exercise at least several times a day.

Get into a relaxed position. Keep one hand at chest level. Bring the second one to the mouth so that you can check your breathing. Pronounce “groan” in every vowel you know. You should feel a sense of freedom in the throat area.

"In short," they are pronounced by hypercommunicative people who do not control the degree of their talkativeness. Their desire to "shorten" speech is never crowned with success.

"By the way" belongs to those who feel uncomfortable, but want to stay at least some time in the very center of attention.

The greatest sympathy is caused by people who maintain an average speaking speed, without an increase in temperature values. Such people are classified as responsible and reliable individuals. It is associated with consistency, consistency and awareness. However, it is almost impossible to change the speed of speech, since it depends on the temperament.

Normal speech speed is sixty to one hundred words per minute.

Make sure that this figure applies to your speech as well. Pick up a stopwatch and a voice recorder. Select the text and read it for sixty seconds. This is how you will find out what speed is "hidden" in your speech. Do whatever it takes to keep your readings normal (sixty words per minute).

Gestures and facial expressions in expressing your thoughts

Gestures are an "extra" language.

Remember: there shouldn't be too many of them ...

Learn to control your own body so as not to annoy or repel others with your gestures. Watch every movement, think over all the gestures (from small to sweeping). Mimicry is that charm that can enhance the power of perception. Stand in front of a mirror and exercise. This is the so-called "mirror training".

Appearance will help influence others when talking

The environment you are in should match your appearance. Pay special attention to it.

Remember the ancient proverb about what is greeted by clothes ...? Well, then you know. The following idea of ​​your person depends on your ability to communicate.

Literature for the study and practical training of speech techniques

• (Mortimer Adler) Book: The Art of Speaking and Listening.
• (Nikolskaya Svetlana) "Technique of speech".
• (James Hume) Book: Secrets of Great Speakers.
• (Elena Lapteva) "600 exercises for the development of diction."
• (Rum Natalia) "I want to speak beautifully!"

Minimize the pronunciation of foreign words in public. Many citizens treat them extremely negatively.

Write down the abstract of your upcoming speech on a piece of paper. Complete each paragraph with sub-paragraphs and notes if something important comes to mind.

Perform on your territory, if possible. And if not, then go to the venue and study it. You need to take a closer look at it, get used to it.

Practice speaking in front of a mirror. Three times is the minimum number of workouts per day.

Ability to communicate… -

Develop ... -

Unleash your abilities ... -

Success and Popularity ... -

Improving self-esteem ... -

In order to speak correctly and beautifully, and so that you are understood, you need to speak!

Try to talk more with people (especially on topics about which you want to speak clearly and beautifully): discuss, argue, criticize, explain, defend;

Try to listen carefully to those you yourself like to listen to, talk to them, even if at first not everything will work out - adrenaline often helps when choosing the right words.

Read aloud. Practice diction, because speaking is the result of the work of the air and muscles of the vocal cords. In some cases, it doesn't even matter what exactly you read, and whether you understand it. (I've heard it’s best to read plays.)

Read interesting books that could tune your brain to the thinking from which your speech would be born. (In my case, these were various textbooks and scientific articles, the purpose of which was just to explain something clearly and clearly. It was especially difficult for a couple of books of the 80s, but after a while I began to understand them).

It will not be superfluous to learn the basics of the culture of speech, the rules of disputes, etc. (We had several lectures in the curriculum.)

Learn to argue your opinion. When you are sure of something and rely not only on your views / intuition, but also on objective facts, the opinions of experts, when you understand the topic of conversation, it is easiest to speak!

If possible and necessary, use every opportunity to prove yourself as a speaker: whether you are saying a toast to unfamiliar relatives or retelling an essay (sometimes unfamiliar too) - this is a powerful training against the fear of speaking.

Learn to see the storytelling scenario. If there is an opportunity and need to prepare a speech, you always need to clearly imagine the structure: how to greet, where to start, how to move to relevance, to problems, to conclusions, to proposals and how to summarize and finish this whole thing before you are interrupted and started to ask questions. You can make yourself a cheat sheet with a structure, but no prepared phrases (!), Otherwise your brain will try to somehow cram them into speech, and your presentation will look torn into harmonious pieces and "something in between."

There are many helper phrases that structure your story and your opponent's attention. Use them. "The task consisted in" "In this way," "In other words," "In the opinion of experts", "In conclusion, we can say," etc.

Figurative thinking, epithets, allegories, comparisons, hyperbole - our language is full of means of expression. Remind yourself what it is and try to embellish the speech with emotional insertions and possibly small lyrical digressions. If you are planning a "lyrical digression", do not forget to mentally leave an "anchor" at the moment to which you plan to return, otherwise you can get into an awkward position "so what am I talking about ...".

I set myself the goal of communicating with myself on the eve of the defense of my thesis project, where in 15 minutes I had to tell a year of hard work. But for the first time the question of a beautiful speech, as I wrote at the beginning, I asked myself at least two years earlier. This was due to the fact that I was not going to do this "on purpose", I wanted to combine the pleasant (and not very) with the useful, since I think that speech can and should flow itself, and it only needs to be directed a little.

Correctly expressing your thoughts and speaking beautifully is the key to successful communication in society, which can be learned at any age. In order for others to understand at a glance and not to have awkward pauses, one should train not only diction, but also "pump" the brain.

Components of literate speech

Interaction between people occurs through speech. Communication skills in society directly depend on how developed it is. In addition, correct and beautiful speech is the key to understanding the transmitted thoughts by others, and, accordingly, higher chances of being able to convey your thoughts and desires as accurately as possible.

There are also a number of reasons why it is vital to learn how to express yourself correctly:

• to be able to convey your thoughts and get correct answers to the questions asked;
• for development and learning: in order to gain new knowledge, one should be able to correctly formulate requests;
• to achieve success in professional activity;
• for the development of structured thinking.

Beautiful and competent speech includes several main "components", without which it is difficult to achieve understanding of others:

1. Diction is a fundamental component of beautiful speech. Well-defined diction allows you to speak correctly and clearly, which gives the listener an excellent opportunity to understand the speaker.
2. Correct breathing - thanks to this skill, speech will turn out smooth and measured, without prolonged pauses and "grabbing air" at the most crucial moment.
3. Conciseness - you should not "burden" speech with complex terms, incomprehensible phrases and long sentences. It is rightly said that "brevity is the sister of talent." Guided by this statement, it is necessary to exclude from the speech everything that will "cut the ear" for the listener and leave only important facts.
4. Content is the essence of the conversation, which should be maintained throughout the conversation. You should not jump from thought to thought, trying to capture as much of the given information as possible. It is better to do this gradually, without changing the original meaning of the transmitted information.
5. Logic is the most important "detail" of smart conversation. You can have an arbitrarily rich vocabulary, but not be able to apply them in practice. The logic of presentation lies in the ability to formulate thoughts into holistic sentences so that the listener grasps the essence of what has been said from the first time.
6. Vocabulary - in fact, without it in any way. To be able to express your emotions, desires and feelings sufficiently, you need to know how to describe it all in words. Therefore, a rich vocabulary is a companion to beautiful and competent speech.
7. Public speaking - free speech in public and the ability to present oneself and one's thoughts beautifully and with expression is appreciated in society. Talented speakers can convince listeners of anything, encourage them to take new actions, and motivate them. Therefore, such a skill is useful both in work and in school.

Logophobia - what is it?

Speech helps to be a full member of society. But there are a number of cases when communication becomes more complicated - among such disorders, logophobia is distinguished.

Logophobia (aka glossophobia) is a pathological anxiety disorder in which the patient is afraid to speak. Most often, the fear of speaking occurs in people with speech impairments (stuttering). With the formation of this phobia, a person's self-esteem significantly decreases, self-doubt develops.

Gradually, a patient with established logophobia is alienated from the outside world, confining itself to a narrow comfort zone. He is scared to enter into dialogue with others, as he is very worried about what impression he makes. In addition, society is not always tolerant of this kind of problem - many may perceive a stutterer with mockery, which only aggravates their unstable mental state.

It should be noted that there are 3 types of stuttering:

1. Neurotic - formed after a strong nervous shock or psychological trauma. It can occur at any age and is aggravated by excitement. Thus, stuttering increases in stressful situations and may be completely absent in casual conversation.
2. Neurosis-like is a type of stuttering that is formed as a result of organic pathologies of the brain. In this case, logophobia becomes a consequence of another disease - a person hears his speech, he does not like it, after which an inferiority complex develops and a fear of speaking out in public.
3. Mixed is the most common type of stuttering. Initially, the patient is diagnosed with a neurosis-like stuttering, after which, over time, the patient begins to feel embarrassed when expressing his thoughts. This becomes the "soil" for the formation of logoophobia, which further acts as an "amplifier" of stuttering. Thus, the more a person is afraid to speak, the more he stutters.

Interesting to know! According to the American Psychiatric Organization, about 90% of speakers experience difficulties in expressing their own thoughts.

In addition to stuttering, there are a number of genetic and social prerequisites that contribute to the development of logoophobia. Genetic catalysts include:

• general level of anxiety;
• strength or weakness of the nervous system;
• type of temperament;
• general mobility of mental processes.

If we talk about social factors influencing the emergence of fear of speaking, the following should be highlighted:

• dysfunctional upbringing (too strict parents teach the baby to listen more than speak on their own);
• psychological trauma associated with a harsh reaction of society to the patient's incorrect statements - for example, the object of the study made a semantic or speech error when presenting a report to a wide audience, he was ridiculed and the brain made a decision “not to get into a similar situation”;
• inability to accept criticism and fear of being ridiculed;
• feelings of inferiority.

The danger of a phobia lies in the fact that a person with a developed fear of speaking in public may have not only communicative, but also other problems:

• the formation of low self-esteem;
• the risk of developing social phobia;
• attempts to avoid public places;
• "Escape" from responsibility;
• refusal from prestigious work and lower living standards;
• limited comfort zone;
• constant psycho-emotional stress.

To avoid unpleasant consequences, you should start getting rid of fear in time.

To learn how to clearly and clearly express thoughts, as well as to have a beautiful and understandable speech, you should pay attention to 3 main factors: diction, concentration of attention on a certain object and outlook.

Diction control

Almost every child under the age of 6 faces diction problems. At the stage of formation of the speech apparatus, it is quite simple to solve this issue by visiting a speech therapist or simple home exercises. At a more adult age, it is much more difficult to train diction - the catch lies in the established habits of speaking incorrectly.

But, despite the difficulties, even at a conscious age, beautiful speech can be developed. To do this, you should adhere to the speech therapy technique, which consists of 4 simple steps.

Articulation Organ Training

The organs of articulation include the lips, teeth, alveoli, palate, tongue, and jaws. These organs are involved in the process of speech production and voice formation.

Their development takes place with the help of simple exercises that are recommended to be performed in front of a mirror. Each exercise should be repeated 10-15 times daily for 1 month.

1. Opening your mouth wide, start rotating your jaw clockwise and then counterclockwise. After circular movements, move the jaw to the right and left, fixing it in each position for 3-4 seconds.
2. You should imagine that you are yawning. In addition, each "yawn" must be accompanied by sounds - ААХ, ЭЭХ, УУХ.
3. To draw in the air, "puffing up the cheeks" at the same time. After that, release the air, while making the characteristic "poof" sound. Then repeat the exercise with inflating the cheeks, without taking in air.
4. Draw some air on the cheeks and "roll" it around the lips from one side to the other, without opening your mouth.
5. Stretch your upper lip towards your nose, then take a break and relax your muscles. Next, stretch your lower lip to the chin. Alternate exercises 10-15 times each.
6. Having taken an upright position, relax your lips. Next, you need to "draw" an apple in the air with your lips. Then repeat the "drawing" with all the moving parts of the face - eyebrows and eyes.

Speech therapy massage

This technique is used not only to improve the performance of the speech apparatus, but also for the following purposes:

• correction of sound pronunciation;
• strengthening the vocal cords;
• normalization of breathing;
• strengthening of pharyngeal reflexes;
• elimination of stuttering.

For hypotonia, the following massage techniques are used:

1. Lightly rub the cheeks in the direction from the sinuses to the temples.
2. Then continue to knead the cheeks towards the auricles with rotational movements.
3. Continue the massage of the cheeks with tingling in a chaotic manner and finish with stroking movements from the temples to the upper lip.
4. Squeeze your lips - for this you need to easily pinch them from the center to the corners.
5. Stroke the forehead area from the middle to the temples - it is recommended to use the middle or index finger.

For patients who have been found to have hypertonicity of the muscles of the face, a somewhat excellent technique of speech therapy massage is distinguished:

1. The massage should begin with light stroking movements along the neck in the direction of hair growth on the back of the head to the collar zone.
2. Then, with massage movements, move from the temple to the middle of the forehead, gradually rising to the scalp.
3. From the temples to the nostrils, drive your fingers with rotational movements, while lightly pressing on the skin.
4. Knead the lips with light pressure and stroking in the direction from the corners to the middle of the mouth.

Improving concentration of attention

Clear and structured speech is possible only with full concentration of attention on the speaker's story. As practice shows, no matter how erudite and inquisitive a person is, without concentration he will not be able to express his thoughts correctly.

The level of attention and arousal in the brain is controlled by two main hormones - dopamine and norepinephrine.

Important! Dopamine promotes concentration on one specific goal, and norepinephrine allows you to be attentive to everything that happens from the outside.

Simply put, in order to increase concentration, you should increase the content of these hormones in the blood. You can achieve this effect using simple guidelines.

1. Avoid overwork. Scientists have proven that a person who has not slept for 21 or more hours in a row is not able to make adequate decisions and think sensibly - his condition is equated to a deep stage of alcoholic intoxication. The same effect is observed in those who sleep no more than 3-4 hours for 4 or more days. Therefore, it is very important to monitor your sleep pattern and keep it normal.
2. Do what you love. Research has shown that anticipation of something pleasant triggers the release of that same dopamine. To provoke the release of the hormone, you need to do things you love that give pleasure.

In addition, by following simple advice from psychologists, you can learn to be more focused and structure your thinking.

1. Learn to plan. It is very important to correctly distribute energy and time, since it is this skill that contributes to the education of discipline and structured actions.
2. Follow the biorhythm. Day is a productive time of day for some, and night for others. It is advisable not to try to "break" your own biorhythm - this will allow you to be as productive as possible.
3. Do not spray. In order to better perform the assigned tasks, you should take on them one by one.
4. Don't postpone things. “Then I will do it, now it doesn’t burn” - a phrase that can completely disrupt the inner composure and bring dissonance into everyday life. If there are important things to do, it is better to do them right away than to put them on the back burner.
5. Learn to relax. Those who work well should have good rest. In order not to overwork and not bring the body to a stressful state, you should alternate any activity with rest.

Broadening your horizons

The fundamental component of development is broadening one's horizons. This allows you to maintain any conversation, be interesting in communication and be remembered with a sharp mind. In the modern world, gaining new knowledge is very simple - you can draw information from a wide variety of sources.

1. Reading of books. The main source of development and obtaining useful information is reading. Literature can be very different - from light fiction to complex books in the field of psychology or philosophy. It is recommended to read 1-2 diverse books every month - this will not only enrich your vocabulary, but also significantly expand your horizons.
2. Trips. To see the world and learn about other people's cultures, you need to travel - this will allow you to learn about other cultures, customs, to join something new and unknown. In addition, it is through travel that you can learn foreign languages.
3. Expand your social circle. The more versatile personalities around you, the more useful information you can draw from them.
4. Attend trainings, webinars, courses. To broaden your horizons, you should constantly improve your professional skills. For this, there are now many different training programs aimed at improving qualifications.
5. Go to exhibitions, museums, theaters. "Join the beautiful" - it is not for nothing that this recommendation can be heard from all teachers. Visiting cultural institutions contributes to the study of art, the formation of imaginative thinking.
6. Watch educational TV shows. Unfortunately, they rarely show anything sensible on TV - mostly entertainment programs. But if you already choose this miracle of technology as a leisure activity, then it is better to do it usefully and watch educational programs about cooking, travel, and so on.

Speaking beautifully and clearly expressing your thoughts is a real art. This skill allows you to convince the interlocutors of the correctness of their statements, while the speaker's speech is not oversaturated with emotions and has the correct intonation.

Interesting to know! Scholars argue that eloquence can be natural or acquired.

In the first case, a person from early childhood easily speaks in public, easily gains attention to his stories and can easily support any topic (even one that is not very well versed).

In the second, it is an acquired skill that has developed over the years. In this case, you should work hard on setting diction, developing your horizons and the ability to attract the listener. To speak beautifully, there are also 7 tips to help make speech pleasant and even a little attractive.

There are many modern books that you can use to educate yourself as an orator. They aim to eliminate phobias, improve rhetoric and build confidence when speaking in public.

Among the huge amount of useful literature, the TOP-9 of the most popular and useful manuals for novice speakers should be distinguished.

1. “It's easy to speak. Everything you need to know about speeches and presentations ”, Max Atkinson.
2. “Secrets of Great Speakers. Speak like Churchill, behave like Lincoln, ”James Hume.
3. “How to Talk to Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere,” Larry King.
4. The Art of Winning Arguments, Arthur Schopenhauer.
5. “Learn to Speak to Be Heard,” Elvira Sarabyan.
6. Tell to Win by Peter Guber
7. The Art of Speaking and Listening by Mortimer Adler.
8. TED Talk by Jeremy Donavan.
9. Sell ​​Your Idea, Sam Harrison.

The ability to clearly express one's thoughts remains a rarity, even among successful people. The ability to correctly formulate thoughts and clearly convey them to the interlocutor is not a guarantee of success, but it is a serious help to the fact that you will achieve more. It is not for nothing that they say that the language will bring you to Kiev.

Ability to formulate thoughts will help not only in work, but also among friends. And the role of good communication skills is simply irreplaceable in business negotiations. In business communications, it is important not only to be able to speak beautifully. It is equally important to be able to hear what he wants to convey. Even if he cannot express his thoughts clearly.

In fact, it is not only important that what are you talking about but also then how do you say it... Good qualities both in a business letter and in oral communication: short and to the point, succinctly, intelligibly and clearly.

The first step to becoming a great speaker and leader is to admit that you have gaps with your sociability or that you are can't speak clearly... The second step is to start doing something. There are several ways to improve your communication skills below. So:

What will help you learn to formulate thoughts?

There is a number of ways which will help you learn to express your thoughts efficiently. So how to formulate thoughts?

• Speak to the public... At the earliest opportunity, try to give a speech, talk, or share something in the meeting. In order for everything to go relatively smoothly, then you need to prepare for this in advance.
• Try express your thoughts in writing... Practice. In business or personal correspondence, do not rush to click on the "send" button, keep your attention on what you are going to send. Maybe some phrases and sentences look inorganic? Correct and then send.
• Good a way to learn to formulate thoughts Is to look at how others are doing it. Listen to good speakers, read quality books. The benefits of reading are underestimated. Not only classic literature is suitable, but business books can also be used. In this case, you not only, but also subconsciously memorize interesting word constructions.
• and broadening one's horizons indirectly affects other cognitive abilities. Develop mine brain... Eat right, exercise (yes, it also affects your brain), solve intellectual problems. All this in a complex will improve your ability to speak well and efficiently.
• Study techniques of rhetoric and public speaking, psychology of influence and principles of effective communication. For example, they are good for exploring an idea.
• Make sure that your communication does not develop into morbid talkativeness... - sometimes the same bad quality as complete inability to express one's thoughts... If you are overly chatty and have a lot of thoughts, you can try writing your thoughts on your personal blog. It helps to unload the head, at the same time, it will convey your stream of thoughts to everyone who wants it.
• Take an active part in all kinds of meetings, meetings and discussions... This is a great opportunity to learn. Don't be a passive listener. Take action!
• When preparing for a performance, you can try record your performance on a dictaphone and then listen. Rehearse this way. The flaws in your speech will immediately become clear to you.
• In many ways, it affects the ability to express one's thoughts. Do you want to learn express thoughts beautifully and formulate thoughts clearly — try to communicate more with people who are okay with this... In the process of communication, we involuntarily adopt many traits from other people, the manner of their behavior. The human brain does not stop learning all its life without stopping.
• In order not to get lost in thought, you can take with you abstract before an important performance. It is not worth reading from a piece of paper, but having the structure of your speech at hand can be extremely useful. This way you will not forget anything and will not go astray even if you are very anxious (excitement and fear turn off the parts of the brain responsible for memory, so keep that in mind).
• Keep your speech simple and straightforward... Do not use too sophisticated words or too complex sentences. It is better to speak in simple words so that every listener can understand you. Often, the bestsellers in the world of books are not the most literal books, but books whose authors are able to convey their ideas in an accessible way so that even a child can understand it.
• A great way to learn to formulate thoughts is teach a little at the university... Even a year of this practice can teach you a lot from your own experience.

What else?

Of course, you need practice as much as possible to learn how to convey to the interlocutor or listeners what you want to tell them. Not everything will work out right away. Personally, I also had unsuccessful speeches with reports. And it’s banal that I didn’t defend my diploma as well as I could because of the lack of sleep the day before. But from failures, experience is formed, which then helps to learn how to interact with people more and more effectively. It will also help to hold on better.