Dramatization games in childhood

Dramatization games are necessary and useful for children at different stages of their development.
Dramatization games are special games in which children themselves portray the heroes of literary works, more often these can be fairy tales, songs, rhymes. In them, the child creates his own little world and feels like a creator, master of the events, he controls the actions of the characters himself and builds their relationships. The kid speaks with the voices of his heroes, worries about them. He, as it were, reincarnates into an image, lives his life.

During such games, there is an intensive development of speech, enrichment of vocabulary, the development of the child's creative abilities, his imagination, as well as the ability to control himself, learn to think independently and logically. All this is reflected in the further development of the child and in the future, in educational activities.

These games require special toys-artists:

While your Baby is still small, he is about 6 months old, you can put on a show for him. This may be a cheerful green frog, he loves her more than all toys. She will speak to the Kid in the voice of his mother, sing songs to him and tell simple rhymes. But be sure, the Kid will not remain indifferent!

After one year, when he already understands speech well, you can “stage” a performance with two toys - a Kitty and a Horse or Masha Doll. They can sing in the hands of their mother, dance with each other, recite poems, run. True, the Kid will not see his mother's hands, he sees only artists - DOLLS.

After two years, you can arrange small classical performances with your child. For example, it can be a fairy tale "kolobok". You just need to pick up the appropriate toys: a wolf, a fox, a hare, a bear. A kolobok can be made from a small ball - draw a face on it. At first, the child sees your game, it is very expressive, you constantly turn to him, including him in the game, and he will also want to be one of the heroes of the fairy tale and speak in his voice.
By the age of three, children are already playing with toys themselves, arranging small performances, developing their imagination and improvisation.

FINGER DOLLS are very popular - these are dolls made of wood, fabric or other materials that are worn on a finger. You can buy them in the store, they are sold in sets, or you can make your own. Dolls can be made of cardboard, corks, acorns, knitted, sewn, combined.
Wooden dolls have a recess inside, it should fit snugly around the finger so as not to jump off, but also not to squeeze the fingers. The dolls have expressive faces, and the animals have their characteristic features. All heroes can fit on one or two arms. Kids will be happy to play with such dolls, pronounce the text, dance and sing with a toy on one finger, and then on several.
Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. At first, you can play a simple plot based on the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man", "Ryaba Hen", then take the plots more difficult: "Little Red Riding Hood", "Masha and the Bear", "Geese-Swans", "Three Little Pigs". For the game, you can use a screen, they are sold in stores, or you can make it yourself.
The finger puppet theater is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, which has a beneficial effect in preparing the brush for writing.

Toddlers love to play with cardboard or plywood silhouettes on stands, painted on both sides, which move around the table - DESK-FLAT theater. Such sets are always dedicated to some fairy tale. There are always a lot of decorations in the kit: it can be houses, trees, bushes, streams. The child is happy to voice the roles of characters in a fairy tale, while he can be the only "storyteller", changing the intonation of his voice. He can even voice the voice of the wind, thunder, the noise of trees.
This game is suitable for children from the age of four. She develops speech, imagination, coordination of movements, vocal range well.

Older children, more often in kindergartens, play in the CONE theater. It can be bought at the store - this is an album in which all the details are cut and glued together. Every single detail is a geometric figure: the torso and arms are cones, the head is a circle, the ears are triangles, etc. They can be decorated. The dolls are voluminous. And you can come up with and make such figures yourself. Here the child has many opportunities - to make a toy himself, to translate his fantasies and creativity into staging mini performances - fairy tales, nursery rhymes, songs. Volumetric toys made of paper require caution, more often this is a game for only one plot.

The greatest opportunities for play - dramatization are given by GLOVED puppets or B-BA-BO puppets. This is a real theater that you can arrange at home. These dolls are made from a solid head and a cloth suit that has no legs but two arms. The child puts his head on his index finger, and the middle and thumb fingers in his hands, the body of the doll is the hand of the artist.

Bi-Ba-Boshek is characterized by a variety of movements and gestures. In the hands of actors, they can laugh and cry, sing and dance, take various poses. In general, they can express everything that a child experiences while playing with this doll. He perceives the doll as a person, worries about her. He identifies himself with the doll.
So in the play "Three Little Pigs", the Kid will worry about each brother. He can be the only actor-puppeteer, speak in different voices, different intonations - both for the wolf and for the piglets, but still, he will worry about each piglet.
Such glove theaters can be bought in a set in the store, "Puppet Theater - Little Red Riding Hood, Three Bears, Goats and Wolf, Hen Ryaba, Wolf and Fox." And you can make "Bi-Ba-Boshek" yourself from improvised material.

Children love to play with puppets - puppets that the actor controls by pulling the strings. The head, arms, legs are attached with loops and suspended on threads from a wooden base, which controls the movements of the dolls. They are especially necessary for hyperactive children. The kids themselves do not notice how they gradually control their movements, act carefully and arbitrarily.

Preschool and young children take dramatization very seriously. First, there is a choice of a fairy tale (the plot of the game), then its discussion, retelling, then the roles are distributed, the playing space is arranged and the direct play of children.
To perform a role, an attribute is needed - a sign of a character that is most typical for him. If the child does not have a real costume, do not despair. Let the children themselves say which feature is most typical for this character. Based on this, you can make this attribute yourself. For example, a mask of an animal cut out of paper, an apron, a hat, a wreath, a kokoshnik, etc. It is necessary to convince children that the most important thing is the image that they must fulfill with the help of gestures, movements, intonation, facial expressions. Also, do not demand accuracy of performance from children, experience will come gradually.

To dramatize means to act out a literary work, while maintaining the sequence of episodes in it and conveying the characters of its characters. They require children to have skills, competencies in literature, theatrical, visual and musical activities. A literary work tells the child-actor what actions to perform, but there are no indications about their methods of implementation: movements, intonation, facial expressions.

A dramatization game will be possible if the child perceives, comprehends and experiences when reading a literary work; and also already knows about the theater, about the performances that are played there; willingly joins the game, taking into account their capabilities and abilities.

Based on the individual abilities of children, in a dramatization game, there are:
Child-“DIRECTOR”- this child is an erudite. He has a good imagination and memory. He quickly "grabs" the literary text and immediately translates it into a staged performance. He is purposeful, possesses organizational skills: distributes roles, text, manages the game, its further development, determines the place where the performance will take place, brings the game to the end. He can combine: include poetry, songs, dances, improvisation during the performance.
Child - "ACTOR"- He is sociable, easily enters into collective games, can convey the image of the hero well, easily improvises, can quickly find the necessary attributes to make the image more accurate, very emotional, exactly follows the plot and plays his role to the end.
The child is a "spectator"- He seems to be participating in the game from the outside. This child is attentive, observant, empathizes with the actors' play, loves to analyze and discuss the actors' play, how the storyline unfolds, conveys his impressions through the word, drawing, game.
The child is a "DECORATOR" - he has the ability to convey the image of the characters and the work as a whole, through the creation of scenery, props, costumes. He has a good sense of color and shape.

Dramatization games can be varied in content, forms and tasks.
These can be games - round dances, accompanied by singing. For example, a Russian folk song: “There was a birch tree in the field” - children in costumes of “birches”, Russian girls (in kokoshniks or headscarves, Russian colored sundresses), sing, dance, movements correspond to the words of the song.
These can be games - dramatization of poems; table theater; puppet show; creative games; prose.

With all dramatization games, there is an atmosphere of goodwill, mutual understanding and openness, self-realization. Expanding children's knowledge of the world around them. The child learns to convey his emotional state in movements, facial expressions, gestures, the ability to empathize. He learns to understand the peculiarities of animal behavior, tries to reproduce them, learns onomatopoeia.

Children develop imagination, speech, coordination of movements. These games contribute to organization, ingenuity, a sense of collectivism develops, relationships and mutual understanding between peers and adults are established. All this affects the further life potential of the child.