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Vinnytsia Medical University open day. Vinnytsia Medical Institute a forgotten academic year. Faculty of Postgraduate Education

12.12.2023

Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. N. Pirogova (VNMU) - additional information about the higher educational institution

general information

Vinnytsia National Medical University was founded in 1921.

In 1960, the educational institution was named after N.I. Pirogov, in 1984 the university was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor. Since 1994, Vinnytsia Medical Institute has been certified and accredited according to the IV level of accreditation, and has been granted University status.

The university received national status in 2002, and in the same year it was awarded diplomas of honor from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Vinnytsia National Medical University has one of the highest levels of teachers with scientific degrees and titles among educational institutions in Ukraine. Almost every sixth university teacher is a doctor of science, professor. Students are taught by 100 doctors of sciences and 424 candidates of sciences.

Vinnitsa National Medical University employs 6 Honored Workers of Science and Technology of Ukraine, 4 Honored Workers of Higher School and Education of Ukraine, 2 Academicians of the Academy of Sciences of Higher School of Ukraine, 12 Honored Doctors of Ukraine, 6 Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine, Laureate of the State Prize of Belarus.

Over the past 13 years, dental and pharmaceutical faculties have been organized at Vinnytsia National Medical University, and training has begun in five new specialties. Correspondence training in pharmacy was opened, the Department of Family Medicine of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education was organized, which operates on the basis of medical institutions in Zhitomir.

Now the following faculties function at Vinnytsia National Medical University:

Faculty of Medicine No. 1,
Faculty of Medicine No. 2,
Faculty of Dentistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Preparatory Faculty for Foreign Citizens,
Faculty of Postgraduate Education.

There are 12 scientific schools at Vinnytsia National Medical University.

International relations of Vinnytsia National Medical University

Vinnytsia National Medical University maintains creative connections and collaborates with medical faculties of universities in 19 foreign countries (including the USA, Germany, France, England, Russia, etc.). Clinical departments have close ties with 28 foreign pharmaceutical companies. Teachers of the departments are involved in the implementation of 62 international projects.

Computer technologies have been widely introduced into the educational process and university management. There are 26 computer classes, 4 Internet channels are used, access to which is free for students, graduate students and teachers.

Vinnytsia National Medical University has a perfect material, technical, educational and methodological base.

Centers have been created at the university - new information technologies, research, diagnostic; medical and psychological clinic, educational and production complex - dental clinic. They are equipped with modern equipment, which helps to combine the educational process with the provision of medical care to the population.

general information

Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. N. Pirogova (VNMU) - additional information about the higher educational institution

general information

Vinnytsia National Medical University was founded in 1921.

The university received national status in 2002, and in the same year it was awarded diplomas of honor from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Now the following faculties function at Vinnytsia National Medical University:

Faculty of Medicine No. 1, Faculty of Medicine No. 2, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Preparatory Faculty for Foreign Citizens, Faculty of Postgraduate Education.

There are 12 scientific schools at Vinnytsia National Medical University.

International relations of Vinnytsia National Medical University

Vinnytsia National Medical University has a perfect material, technical, educational and methodological base.

Them. Pirogov is one of the few universities in Ukraine of this profile, which for many decades has occupied leading positions in the rankings of higher educational institutions. In addition, it is also one of the main educational institutions in Vinnitsa; many students go to this city to receive a diploma from VNMU. How to enter the Medical University of Vinnitsa? And what are the features of the university in question? We will talk about this further.

VNMU is the pride of Vinnytsia

Vinnitsa Medical University named after Pirogov was founded back in 1921 as a pharmaceutical institute, but during its seemingly short history it has been reformed and expanded more than once.

This university fully acquired its current form only in 2002. Then, in fact, it was awarded the status of a National University. Almost ten years earlier, in 1994, the Vinnitsa Medical Institute was upgraded to the fourth level of accreditation, thereby paving the way for a new title. Rector of VNMU named after. Pirogov is a very respected person, an experienced specialist - Vasily Maksimovich Moroz, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor and academician of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.

Forms of training

Before moving on to considering the features of this university, it is worth studying the training at the faculties that Vinnytsia Medical University conducts, the rules for admitting students and the forms of preparation.

Like any other VNMU provides applicants with a choice of full-time and part-time. Accordingly, for the second form, training on a contract basis is more common, there are almost no state employees in the part-time department, and it is not possible to obtain a specialist’s diploma in this department in every specialty.

Faculties of VNMU

Total Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. Pirogov offers training at one of six faculties. According to the direction of training, the medical specialty will be prescribed in your diploma. Thus, the first two faculties combine medical departments (med. No. 1 and No. 2) - these are psychology and pediatrics. Dentistry, on the other hand, concentrates only on its specialty. The fourth faculty is pharmaceutical.

Depending on your area of interest, you can choose either theoretical, scientific pharmacology or medical pharmacology as a specialty. Special mention should be made about the Faculty of Postgraduate Education. This area of the university's work is intended for doctors in more than 33 specialties who already have a diploma in medical education. Today there are 60 departments of both clinical and scientific training. Among the employees of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. Pirogov - 119 doctors of science, 612 candidates and 88 teachers with professorial rank.

Number of students and enrollment in VNMU named after. N. I. Pirogova

How many students are studying at this university? What are the chances of getting there? According to the standards adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the number of applicants for full-time education at VNMU named after. Pirogov is limited to the figure of 1740 people. The number of part-time students is 350. At the same time, up to seven thousand people are constantly studying here in all courses, both full-time and part-time. Taking into account the numbers and the large selection of departments, where not each has an equivalent set, it is quite possible to enroll in Vinnytsia Medical University. Feedback from students also suggests that enrolling in this university is quite possible. The only thing that is required of you is good grades and knowledge acquired at school, readiness for difficult studies and good results of external independent assessment in specialized subjects such as chemistry or biology.

Training courses

For applicants to Vinnitsa National Medical University named after. Pirogov has a system of special preparatory courses. In total, according to the state order, the number of places is limited to five hundred for citizens of Ukraine, and the same number is provided for foreigners. The preparatory faculty increases a student’s chances of getting into a university. Also, taking special preparatory courses at VNMU gives additional points in the ranking after passing the VNO.

Residency and internship

As a serious medical educational institution, Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. N. Pirogova guarantees students places for clinical residency and internship. You can be sure that by enrolling in this university, you are guaranteed to receive both theoretical knowledge in various aspects of medicine and practical knowledge. Both residency and internship positions are limited to 1,500 and 2,000 students per year, respectively. In principle, they will be enough to provide all successful students with internship options. It is impossible not to say anything about the military department, which is very popular and prepares future reserve officers in the process of training.

History of VNMU

The Pharmaceutical Institute in Vinnitsa was founded in 1921. But the university did not exist in this form for long. After the reforms of higher education in the USSR in the early 30s, this educational institution was turned into a branch of the All-Ukrainian Institute. Further, training was transferred to the evening in order to increase the number of potential personnel for healing, and in 1934, the daytime uniform was returned. Since that time, it has been fully functioning in Vinnitsa.

The Vinnytsia Institute was named after the famous surgeon and scientist Nikolai Pirogov, revered both in the territory of the former USSR and abroad. The university was repeatedly awarded the highest awards and orders of the country, and after the collapse of the Union and the creation of independent Ukraine, it became a full-fledged medical university.

Since 1994, the focus of VNMU has been significantly expanded: the university’s infrastructure has been supplemented with dental and pharmaceutical faculties, more than ten departments in specialties have been established in two medical faculties and in the department of postgraduate training.

VNMU teaching staff

What can you tell about the teachers of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. Pirogov, so that you can more clearly imagine the features of this university? We have already spoken above about the number of professors and doctors of science in the teaching staff of VNMU. Most of the departments and courses taught are taught by professionals with extensive work experience, who skillfully and successfully transfer the knowledge collected over many years to new generations of doctors.

Young and promising specialists are not ignored. The best students are admitted to master's and postgraduate studies at VNMU, thanks to which they very soon join the ranks of teachers and assistants. Not a year goes by without the staff of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. Pirogov did not defend at least 3 doctoral and 30 candidate dissertations. In 2006, VNMU submitted 6 works for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences, and 45 for the title of candidate.

Foreign students

Foreigners who study at VNMU under a contract are not only evidence of the economic independence of the university, but also of its attractiveness abroad. Thus, every year more than a thousand citizens of other countries, primarily India, China, Arab and African states, study at all faculties. In total, during the existence of this set, open since 1961, Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. N. Pirogov received representatives from 98 countries, which undoubtedly speaks of his status in the international arena.

Scientific work at VNMU

Long history of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after. Pirogov influenced its status not only as an institution of medical education, but also as a full-fledged scientific center. Entire branches of such sciences as physiology, anatomy, functional morphology and anthropogenetics were developed within the walls of VNMU. Scientific schools of such branches of medicine as experimental surgery, social medicine and therapeutics are highly valued at the international level, leaving far behind many other centers for the development of the study of the human body.

Every year the university publishes dozens of textbooks and monographs. Methodological recommendations, also published within the walls of the Vinnytsia National Medical University. Pirogov, used by hundreds of doctors throughout Ukraine. Not a single year goes by without foreign publications by university staff, not to mention articles about domestic periodicals. Three of them, by the way, are published in full here: “Bulletin of Vinnitsa National Medical University” and “Bulletin of Morphology”.

The university newspaper “Young Medic” is published by the students themselves, as well as special textbooks and teaching materials to optimize the educational process. VNMU named after. N. Pirogova is not only an independent institution in the field of education, but also sets trends that are followed by other large universities in the country.

Regional scientific communities of the nearest regions are headed by VNMU employees, they also take part in expert commissions that check Ukrainian hospitals for compliance with the country’s healthcare standards. Hundreds of thousands of medical consultations, tens of thousands of operations and hundreds of visits - this is a brief annual summary of VNMU.

VINNITSA MEDICAL INSTITUTE - "THE FORGOTTEN" ACADEMIC YEAR 1942...

SOME ACTS (de facto)
about
ONE ADVENTURE (de jure)
(a v a n t u r a -
risky and dubious project,
undertaken without taking into account real forces and conditions,
chance-based
and doomed to failure)

Introduction.
Information sources.
Memorandum from the management of the institute.
Departments of the institute before, during and after the occupation of the city by the Wehrmacht.
Teachers of the institute and their fate after the liberation of the city.
Organization of classes.
Release of doctors.
Reasons for the closure of the institute in 1943

It was not customary not only to write about it, but to talk about it. Writing, in general, was forbidden, and speaking in the kitchen was still possible, but in classrooms, at meetings - God forbid, how Marxists express themselves - distancing themselves from sins.

The ideologists of the CPSU, and after them local historians, archive workers, lecturers from the Knowledge Society, all sorts of propagandists, and so on, did not particularly speak officially about the time of occupation. There are several reasons for this, and they seem to be unrelated to one another:
- many facts - even in large details - were not known to the public and therefore the whole picture, especially some episodes, seemed mysterious, mysterious, somehow truly impossible,
- of the things that were known for certain, there were many things that in no way fit into the communist concept of behavior of both the enemy and the civilian population under his boot,
- a sufficient number of things have surfaced that were ordered to be hidden, not disclosed, refuted (with yet another lie), etc.
- there were no recollections of witnesses of life under occupation in the press, and there could not have been, even in versions censored by the “competent” authorities: they would then have seemed too one-sided and implausible...

In fact, these were links of one ideological chain: the facts were not known, since the archives were closed, no one dared to write memoirs, knowing what the discovery of such manuscripts could turn out to be (one could not even dream of publishing), and what was discovered and known only to the competent authorities was ordered was to be hidden from the public because, on the one hand, it did not fit, as mentioned above, into the communist concept and, on the other, exposed the essence of these bodies...

If - about the time of the German occupation, then about the atrocities of the Nazis or about the partisan movement - please, and about the partisans - again, selectively, or, as if scientifically speaking, differentiated. That is, about Bolshevik, and not about nationalist (the terminology of German orders and circulars) partisans. The circle of those who belonged to the first was strictly defined by the Bolsheviks and the KGB: to them, the first, both glory and honor. The post-war showdowns between the former (preliminarily - by the tenth anniversary and finally - by the twentieth anniversary of the Victory) were, under pressure from the same “workers' and peasants' party” and the “service of the guards of the revolution”, settled down. At the same time, the Heroes were officially named. And everything, it would seem, firmly fell into place. Or rather, to the places indicated by the only party in the country and vigilant Dzerzhinsky residents who are not subject to any public criticism.

[Soviet intelligence services and party bodies suspected all underground fighters and partisans of espionage and provocateurs, as indicated in the Collection “Life in Occupation” (see below). This is evidenced by numerous archival documents.
Even 20 years after the end of the Second World War (!), on July 1, 1965, the Vinnitsa Regional Party Archive presented (I’m sure not for the first time) the Institute of Party History of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, a branch of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the CPSU, with certificates on the number of participants in the anti-fascist struggle , about underground party and anti-fascist organizations and groups in the Vinnytsia region (pp. 369-370).
Twenty years of suspicions, doubts and checks and double checks...]

(By the way, the nationalist partisans were not united from the very beginning; moreover, many of them, in the process of fighting the Germans, changed not only their military tactics, but also their political attitudes and goals. The main reasons for this are short-sighted theory and practice German National Socialists in relation to the population of the occupied lands, on the one hand, and the growing failures of the occupiers on the war fronts, on the other.)

As a result, we knew no more about the German occupation of Vinnitsa in 1941-1944 than about the German occupation in 1918-1919, although the occupation during the Second World War was much longer, more tragic and closer to us in time.

In short, having lived in Vinnitsa for 15 post-war years, five of them as a student at a medical institute, I never learned anything about the history of this university concerning the time when Hitler’s troops ruled the city.

But the times of “perestroika” came, then the USSR collapsed, censorship was radically weakened - and in the new independent state of Ukraine (as well as in the Russian Federation) the first studies appeared and - not tuned to the party (CPSU) tune, and largely dissonant with it - publications, touching on a topic that interests us.

Let me cite, as an example, these dissertations:

GINDA VOLODIMIR VASILOVICH. INVOLVEMENT IN THE ROCK OF THE GERMAN OCCUPATION AT THE GENERAL DISTRICT “ZHYTOMYR” 1941-1944. Abstract of thesis. ... candidate of historical sciences. CHERKASK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER BOGDAN KHMELNYTSKY, 2007.
- Barinov Igor Igorevich. The occupation regime of Nazi Germany on the territory of Ukraine, 1941-1944: abstract of thesis. ... candidate of historical sciences: Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 2013.

Finally, two books came out. The first is from the Series “Documents of Soviet History”: “Life under Occupation. Vinnytsia region 1941-1944 Moscow, ROSSPEN, 2010 [in the future, when referring to this collection, I will indicate - I], the second - V. Ya. Kulikov “Occupation of Vinnitsa (07/18/1941–03/20/1944) Eyewitness testimony. Publication by E. G. Pedachenko. Kyiv, Parapan, 2012" [in the future, when referring to this book, I will indicate - II].
If the first of these books is edited and the documents presented in it seem to leave no doubt about their identity with the originals, then the second book is a collection of memoirs written, although by the same author, but at different times. Therefore, some events are described in it two or more times and not always in the same way, which is quite explainable by the properties of human memory. The publisher of these memoirs, the grandson of Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov, professor-neurosurgeon E. G. Pedachenko, brought the memoirs, as far as he considered it possible and necessary, “in order,” but - doing the right thing - did not remove the repetitions. Therefore, I will also repeat myself from time to time, since I cannot know which version of the account of the eyewitness of the events V. Ya. Kulikov is more consistent with the truth. And also - and not entirely on topic: the publisher of the memoirs of V. Ya. Kulikova is the leading neurosurgeon of Ukraine, prof. E. G. Pedachenko is the son of the first post-war students of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute.

I would like to preface the further presentation directly related to the medical institute with the following note from “Life in the Occupation...” (I, p. 152):

“On August 9, 1941, a Provisional City Government was formed, which in November 1941 became known as the Vinnitsa City Government, at the head of which the Nazis appointed Professor of the Medical Institute A. Sevastyanov (GAVO. Fund R-1311. Op. 1.D.286. L.1, 9-10). The German Bernard, who lived in the Vinnitsa region before the war, was the chairman of the Vinnitsa regional government from the end of July 1941. These governing bodies were created by the German field commandant's office of Vinnitsa. Among the employees there were many members of the OUN(b). Throughout 1941-1942. The Nazis arrested and shot some employees accused of belonging to the OUN(b). In the spring of 1943, the German field commandant’s office changed the structure of the Vinnitsa city government.”

About A. A. Sevastyanov and one of his deputies - also a professor at the medical institute - G. S. Gan will be discussed in detail below. As for the engineer Isidor Fadeevich Bernard, it is not without interest to note that before the war he headed the administrative and economic department at the medical institute. [In the staffing table of the Vinnitsa city government - I, p. 185 - S. F. Bernard is written, probably because he was called, using the colloquial form, “Sidor”] That is, all three main leaders of the city of Vinnitsa during the German occupation were former employees of the medical institute. Accident?

A little about Bernard, who lived “... modestly. Bernard did not want and did not know how to take advantage of his position. He lived only on his own earnings. Appropriating something that was not his was apparently disgusting to him. He was not allowed into gesheft - commission trading, opening some enterprise, taking a bribe, etc. He dressed poorly. I took little care of myself. In this respect he was not at all like a German. It must be emphasized that he did not try to become different. He did not curry favor with the Germans: the impression was created that he needed them less than they needed him. The occupiers also awarded him the “Sribna badge,” but no one ever saw it on him.” (II, p. 167).

And - more about I.F. Bernard in the words of one of the leaders of the OUN (b) in the Vinnitsa region in 1941-1943: “...the deputy burgomaster of Vinnitsa Bernard, who divided the entire population of Vinnitsa into only two national groups - Germans and Ukrainians , counting among the Ukrainians (territorially) the Katsaps, Poles and various shapeshifters.” (I - “From the memoirs of E. Aletiyano-Popivsky about the activities of the OUN (b) in the Vinnytsia region in 1941-1943,” pp. 395 - 406). [“At the beginning of January 1944, E. Aletiyano-Popivsky left the Vinnitsa region, fought as part of the Ukrainian People’s Army, ended up in Italy, then went to England, where he died in 1976.” - from an editorial link to his memoirs.]

The State Archive of the Vinnytsia Region contains documentary materials that would help us more clearly imagine that time and those events. But they are not available to me yet.

Here's what I can tell you about these materials:

DAVO R-1325 “Vinnytsia Medical Institute of Vinnytsia”.
1. F. R-1325
2. Vinnytsia Medical Institute (during the Nazi occupation), Vinnytsia city
3. 1942-1943
4. 12 certificates
5. The central document retrieval device is not installed.
6. Punishments and instructions to the director of the institute; minutes of meetings of examination committees; programs of state hospitals; Kostorisi; staff registrations; student diplomas; lists of applicants, depositors and students; Listing from the medical department of the General Commissariat at the city of Zhytomyr about the work institute; questionnaires of practitioners; Statements on salary withdrawal.
7. Access to documents without restrictions.
8. Copying is permitted only for scientific purposes and with the permission of the archive administration.
9. Ukrainian, German.
10. The physical form of documents is complete. The documents have been sealed.
11. Inventory.
12. -
13. -
14. Beginning to preserve the appearance and appearance of the prenatal apparatus O.M. Galamai
15. 17.03.2004

There is not much there: only 12 cases. For comparison: in the archive of F. R-1335:
Vinnytsia Medical College (period of German-fascist occupation), m. Vinnytsia 1941-1943 - 105 cases, and in the archive F. R-1326: Vinnytsia Psychiatric Hospital (period of German-fascist which occupation), m. Vinnytsia 1941-1944 - 177 cases .

So, there is an archive testifying to the activities of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute during the occupation of the city by German troops. But on the official website of the “Vinnytsia National Medical University im. M.I.Pirogov" (http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/) not a single word is said about the work of the institute during the years of occupation. Mystic, isn't it?

No! It’s not true, it’s a lie, or, to put it mildly, it’s a falsification of history. Why, one might ask, now, when it’s possible to talk and write about it? I don’t find any other explanation than - in the ingrained, ingrained habit of the flesh back in Soviet times, imitating the party - “the mind, honor and conscience of our era”, to hide, lie, “powder one’s brains”, “to hang noodles on one’s ears” , etc. Although popular wisdom warned: “If you cross the whole world with lies, you won’t come back.”

At first, the organizers of the medical institute during the occupation tried to fool the Germans. In the Report (see below) they report that classes were being conducted “according to the plan of the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelm Medical Institute.” Let's forget that there was no such medical institute, but there was Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet (the current one, since 1946, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin), from which 29 Nobel laureates came out! And this university included a medical faculty. And among the Nobel laureates, by the time the Second World War began, the following university employees were laureates in medicine: Emil von Behring (1901), Robert Koch (1905), Paul Ehrlich (1908), Albrecht Kossel (1910), Otto Warburg ( 1931), Hans Spemann (1935).

However, we must not forget about laboratories, clinics and everything else that is related to the training of doctors, including, of course, teaching staff. So, even if we assume that the leaders of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute during the occupation of the city had the curricula of the “Berlin Medical Institute” translated into Russian (Ukrainian), there was absolutely no possibility of implementing them in the conditions of that time, with the presence of that staff of teachers.

I had to see German university laboratories and clinics (Leipzig, Munich, etc.), built back in Kaiser times on such a scale that I could compare them with the unfinished morphological building, into which everything was then shoved - the medical institute and technical school, the Regional Hospital named after. N.I. Pirogov (the hospital itself was occupied by the Germans as a military hospital), cannot even come to mind.
What kind of “idiots to the degree of bi-square”, to use Odessa language, is this Memo addressed to?! Nature, however, has not yet created anything like this.

In only one area was the Vinnytsia Medical Institute of 1942 in no way inferior to the Berlin Medical Institute.
It is known that after the Nazis came to power, 280 teaching staff were fired from the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet in Berlin, which accounted for 35% of the total number of teachers. More than 90% of dismissals occurred due to anti-Semitism. There were no Jewish students left at the university.
So, only in this way did the Vinnytsia Medical Institute (and in this there is no merit or fault of its own: the occupiers themselves “worried” about this) resembled the “Berlin Medical Institute”.

In principle, another lie could not help either: “assigning” the titles of professors and associate professors to teachers who do not have them (see below). Finally, the request for permission for “the Medical Institute to carry out a scientific excursion of teaching staff to Germany (Berlin, Dusseldorf, etc.) to get acquainted with the current state of scientific and educational work in large centers of Germany looks simply ridiculous.” (I, p. 780) This looks like a parody! - but it was still written seriously and in a far from cheerful time: they say, let's go, look, come back and implement it at home. Everything, including scientific work - and we will also have Nobel laureates!

I would like to emphasize that these unnecessary reports and petitions were drawn up somewhere at the end of 1942 (this can be judged from the message that on September 21 a “ceremonial act on the occasion of the graduation of medical students” took place), when the Wehrmacht was already clearly not at ease in the occupied territories. And as for the “graduation of medical students” (and not DOCTORS), then the compilers of the Memo, just like Freud, made a reservation: the knowledge and skills of those who interrupted regular classes due to the outbreak of the war, for about six months of “additional education” in there was no increase in occupation.

Why is what happened being hushed up now?
If we take into account at least that

That the same teachers who worked at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute before and (or) AFTER the war were on the “lecture faculty” of the institute during the occupation;
that the graduates of 1942, with the liberation of Vinnitsa in 1944, after a formal examination and exchange of diplomas, were recognized as Soviet doctors;
that one of them became the head of the department of surgery at the institute in the 70s, and the other became an assistant at the department of ENT diseases,

That is OFFICIALLY about the work of the institute in 1942-1943. It SHOULD have been mentioned at least briefly.

For reference: with the beginning of the war, the training time at medical institutes was sharply reduced, so-called accelerated graduations took place - the front demanded doctors. One of these apparently “super-accelerated” graduates took the same course with me. He rose to the rank of major in the medical service, to the position of head of the otorhinolaryngology department of the hospital, but, in the end, in 1955 he had to start all over again, from the FIRST year! The accelerated acquisition of a doctor's diploma was not recognized upon the major's transition to civilian service.
And then - an exam - and you are a full-fledged Soviet doctor! (II, p. 344).

So let’s start with this very telling document, presented under No. 227 in I on pp. 552-554 in Ukrainian (GAVO. F. R. - 1325. Op. 1. D. 8. L. 46-48. Copy .) and on pp. 779-781 - translated into Russian (the translation is imperfect, but I did not change anything; there were both poor positioning of parts of the text, as well as incorrect abbreviations of words and typos).

"Management memorandum
Vinnitsa Medical Institute
about the educational and pedagogical activities of the medical institute

Vinnitsa Medical Institute began its work after conservation in March 1942.
Lectures were given to the 5th year students from the month of March as free lectures. At the end of August and in September, state exams were held for students who completed the 5th year, and on September 21, a ceremonial ceremony was held on the occasion of the graduation of medical students.
From August 1 to August 10, entrance exams for the 1st year were held, and from September 1, work began on the 1st and 4th years of the institute.
Students today in the 1st year ....................... 198
on 4 -""- ....................... 88
Classes are held according to the plan of the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelm Medical Institute.
The Vinnitsa Medical Institute is provided with lectures.
At the Department of Anatomy prof. Zamyatin, assistant[ent] Omelchenko
assistant Belts
physics........................... and. O. Associate Professor Arefiev
Varyag's assistant
chemistry...........................Associate Professor Dilectorskaya
Associate Professor Bach
zoology and bo-professor. Sevastyanov
Taniki...................Associate Professor Bolkovsky
Associate Professor Pikhtina
Histology......................... Associate Professor Pletnev
assistant [ent] Bukhovets V.D.
assistant Topchiev
foreign language languages/lat., associate professor Tykhvinsky
German I/...assist. Glazyrin
assistant Rudzit
assistant Alexandrova

In the IV year:
At the department of pat. anatomy......prof. Manulko-Gorbatsevich
assistant Franko M. M.
Assist. Krulikovskaya
therapy............ prof. Maslov
assistant Kunkel
Bijo
Demenkov
Kutilek
Tvs reads..... Geltser
At the Department of Surgery............ prof. Trempovich
assistant Mazanik V. N.
Gough E. S.
At the Department of Obstetrics and
gynecology prof. Kononenko
assistant Borshchevskaya M. O.
assistant Berezovskaya
hygiene and epidemiology..... prof. Gan
assistant Bukhovets
dermatology......................... prof. Christy L.D.
assistant Dogaeva
nervous and mental
diseases...............assist. Lukyanenko
assistant Chernomorets
Topographic anatomy
reads......................... prof. Zamyatin
The vaccination course is carried out by... O. Assoc. Bernasovsky
The German language is taught by the lecturer...... Rudzit

The Institute has the opportunity to further develop its activities. Classes may be open for the 2nd and 3rd years.
Second year students are provided .................................... 50-60 persons.
The third course is provided for......................... 50-60 persons.
Regarding the professorial and lecture staff, then for the stalemate. There are already professorships in anatomy, histology, and chemistry.
Prof., invited from Kiev, agreed to read physiology. Serkov.
He will also read pharmacology and physiology.
The Institute invites Prof. Kapran S.K. (from Kyiv).
Prosurgery will be read by Prof. Gulyanitsky. Not yet Prof. biochemistry.
Significant obstacles to the normal development of the institute are:
1) Difficulties in providing apartments for professors invited from Kyiv. Vinnitsa currently does not have any free housing that could be used as an apartment for professors. Kyiv professors set the provision of an apartment in Vinnitsa as a prerequisite for the possibility of moving from Kyiv.
2) The estimate of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute has not yet been finally approved by the local authorities. The reason is that the Labor Department does not give consent to part-time work for some members of the teaching staff.
To further develop the work of the institute, you need:
1) Provide guest professors with apartments.
2) Approve the final estimate.
3) Give permission to some persons from the teaching staff to work part-time.
4) Return to the institute the house it owns on the corner of Ukrainian Avenue and Pushkinskaya Street.
5) Allow the expansion of the Faculty of Dentistry by reorganizing the dental department of the Medical College into the Faculty of Dentistry, for this there are appropriate conditions: student population, lectures and estimated allocations in the budget of the Medical College.
6) Allow the Medical Institute to carry out a scientific excursion of teaching staff to Germany (Berlin, Dusseldorf, etc.) to get acquainted with the current state of scientific and educational work in large centers of Germany.
7) Allow students of the Medical Institute, as well as the medical college, to bring the food they need from home, because now they are unable to either get food in the city or bring it from the area.

Director of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute Professor Zamyatin

Head of Academic Affairs Professor Gan

And [acting] dean at Tikhvinsky"

(Note from the editors of the Collection: “The medical institute, consisting of two courses, operated until the beginning of February 1943. In accordance with the order of the Reich Commissioner of Ukraine E. Koch [see below - N.K.], the institute was closed, and the students were sent to forced labor in Germany. ..").

As mentioned above, on the official website of the “Vinnytsia National Medical University im. M.I.Pirogov" (http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/) not a single word is said about the work of the institute during the years of occupation. Let's look at the pages of this site, which talk about the above-mentioned departments immediately before the start of the occupation and immediately after it.

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY.

“In 1936, assistant professor was appointed head of the department. M.K. Zamyatina. Together with him at the department assistants V.I. Shmulenzon, Yasko (b. 1939). S.S. Livshits, P.Kh. Gaiduk (b. 1940). In 1939/1940, the initial growth of the department was seen to be located in a new morphological building.

Under the hour of the Nazi occupation, the possession of the department was depleted. From the days of the liberation of Vinnytsia from the Nazi occupiers until 1949, the department was headed by Assoc. M.K. Zamyatin."

So, despite the fact that “During the Nazi occupation, the department’s equipment was destroyed,” “From the day of the liberation of Vinnitsa from the Nazi occupiers until 1949, the department continued to be headed by Assoc. M.K. Zamyatin." It is noteworthy that “from the day of liberation” (not even one day later!) and the SAME associate professor Zamyatin M.K., who under the Germans (for the sake of respectability, or what?) was listed as a professor.
Here it is very appropriate to quote V. Ya. Kulikov, whom the compilers of the certificate on the history of the Department of Anatomy did not bother to read. In vain, however:

“Leaving Vinnitsa, the Germans burned a psychiatrist. This threatened the morph corps, but its appearance saved it and... the property that was stored in its basements and closets.
So Pirogovka quietly served the Vinnitsa residents until the liberation of Vinnitsa and for some time after it, being located in the premises of the morphological building of the Vinnitsa State Medical Institute. So it was preserved completely [COMPLETELY! - N.K.] property of the departments of hygiene, anatomy and much more. If on February 22, 1942, the otolaryngologist of Pirogovka [this is V. Ya. Kulikov - about himself - N.K.] had not drawn the attention of the German general to the appearance of the corps and the general, instead of a psychiatrist, ordered the field staff to be placed in the corps, and Pirogovka to be withdrawn to a psychiatrist, then on March 12, 1944, instead of the psychiatrist’s premises, the morphine building would have been burned (the Germans destroyed all the premises occupied by their Wehrmacht and services). Then all the property of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute preserved in the morphological building would have perished and its post-war opening would have been delayed. Fortunately, neither one nor the other happened. Thus, one practical phrase saved the morphological corps and the property stored in it from destruction and contributed to the immediate resumption of the work of the medical institute” (II, p. 323).

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS.

Department of Physics: “born 1937 – 1958” – Assoc. Yavorsky O.M.”
Here, in general, there was no break during the “conservation” (see below) and occupation. No comments required.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY.

Department of General Chemistry: “The Department of Foreign Chemistry was organized in 1934 by Professor L.K. Moreinis. From 1937 to 1941, associate professor B.I. Soibelman. In 1944, Professor S.M. became head of the department. Chumakov, and in 1945 he became associate professor S.E. Burkat. »
“The Department of Biochemistry was organized in 1933 on the basis of the food chemistry course at the Vinnytsia Pharmaceutical Institute. The first head of the department was professor J.K.Moreinis. From 1936 to 1945 The department was admired by professors A.A. Kramer, D.S. Vorontsov, P.M. Serkov, and from 1945 to 1971. - Associate Professor I.S. Roizman.”

There is a break in the work of the Department of General Chemistry from 1941 to 1944, but the Department of Biochemistry is said to have functioned without interruption. One of its heads was Professor Serkov, about whom more details are given below.

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.

Department of Biology:
“Period 1934-1941.
The department was organized in 1934 on the basis of the departments of the Pharmaceutical Institute and was therefore sufficiently provided with textbooks, preparations, collections, reagents, tables, etc.
The first head of the department was Professor Sevastyanov A., and the first assistants of the department were: A.U Novitsky (having collected mollusks from the Pivdenny Bug River), M.I. Elperina, who began to take up treatment for opisthorchiasis, M.V. Ivasik, having completed the work “Workshop on pharmacognosy” (for pharmaceutical institutes) and V.N. Pikhtin, who in 1940 stole a dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences on the topic: “The role of measles in the development of refractory thyroid gland.”

Period 1944-1952
After the liberation of Vinnytsia from the Nazi occupiers in 1944, associate professor V.N. Pikhtina was appointed head of the department.”

We will pay special attention to this department. Firstly, its organizer was Professor A. A. Sevastyanov, the burgomaster of Vinnitsa and, concurrently, its head during the occupation. Secondly, Associate Professor Pikhtina, having worked as an assistant and, during the occupation, as an assistant professor with prof. Sevastyanova, according to her merits, was “appointed” (!) as head of the department, since prof. Sevastyanov retired with the retreating German army to the West.

Now - more about Sevastyanov. First - from the words of those who were not with him at all, or only slightly familiar, and then - from the words of Doctor V. Ya. Kulikov, who communicated very closely with the professor almost all the years of the occupation.

As an introduction, a quote from the work of M. Yu. Sorokina (M. Yu. Sorokina - Yearbook of the House of Russian Abroad named after Alexander Solzhenitsyn. 2012. M.: House of Russian Abroad named after Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 2013. P. 146-203 - Year Germany in Russia - BETWEEN TWO DICTATORSHIP: SOVIET SCIENTISTS IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF THE USSR DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR (TO STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM, pp. 146-203).

“...there were many examples of collective business cooperation between the local scientific intelligentsia and the occupation authorities on the basis of scientific, cultural and educational interaction, the preservation of cultural and scientific resources, and a negative attitude towards the Soviet government, especially at the initial stage of the war in 1941–1942. With the change in the situation at the front, the strengthening of resistance in the rear to the troops of the Nazi coalition and the corresponding sharp tightening of the repressive practices of the occupation regime, this cooperation became less and less intense and voluntary. However, it is very symptomatic that with the departure of the occupation forces, most of the Kharkov and Odessa professors, who took an active part in maintaining the scientific and educational systems of their cities during the occupation, did not leave their homes, despite the actively disseminated information about future persecution by returning Soviet soldiers. authorities A significant part of the scientific intelligentsia continued to believe in their historical mission as the bearer and custodian of culture, scientific knowledge and continuity, independent of political regimes, and considered themselves obliged to share the life of their people.
Meanwhile, after the arrival of the Soviet troops, the fate of these “collaborators”, who were very naive in their faith, was, as a rule, terrible...”

She writes the following about Sevastyanov:
“In the literature, the spelling of both his last name and initials is given in two versions: Savostyanov - Sevastyanov and Aleksandrovich - Andreevich. We believe that we are talking about one person - Alexander Alexandrovich Savostyanov (1871–1947), the Gaisin district leader of the nobility of the Podolsk province. in 1913, in 1917 - chairman of the zemstvo council of Gaisin. In 1928, he was a teacher at the Vinnitsa Agricultural College, then a professor at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute. Apparently, the Germans’ trust in him was also due to the fact that his wife Alla Stepanovna (1881–1974) was from the Volksdeutsche (ur. Goff). After World War II he lived in Paris and is buried in the cemetery in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois."

M. Yu. Sorokina notes the positive in the activities of prof. A. A. Sevastyanov - burgomaster: “So, in particular, he played an important role in the life of the famous biochemist Vladimir Pavlovich Skipsky (1913–1984), mobilized into the Red Army and then captured by the Germans. Thanks to Savostyanov’s help, he was released in Vinnitsa and later went to the USA, where he specialized in cancer tumors.”

And another important decision was made, according to M. Yu. Sorokina, prof. A. A. Sevastyanov:
“...the rumors circulating in the city about secret burials were decided to be checked only by the Russian head of the city government, professor of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute Alexander Aleksandrovich Savostyanov (1871–1947(?)), who initiated the creation of a special city commission and with whose support I.M. Malinin began excavations and examination. “In this case,” Malinin wrote in one of his letters, “<…>“I was and am guided solely by the interests of fulfilling my civic duties to my homeland and to the population, with whom, together with two times in my life, I experienced the cruelest vindictiveness of the Cheka and the NKVD.”
The commission included: A. A. Savostyanov, associate professor D. Doroshenko, former head. Department of Forensic Medicine of the Vinnytsia Medical Institute [such a head, according to the section history of the department on the website of the Vinnytsia National Medical University. N.I. Pirogov was not there; V. Ya. Kulikov calls him not D., but Semyon Arkhipovich, p. 224 - N. K.], Doctor O. Klunk, head of the city criminal investigation department (?), Apollo Trembochevsky, editor-in-chief of the local newspaper, M. Sibirsky, Mamontov and two priests." [About I.M. Malinin and about the excavations - in my work “The Vinnitsa duel in the lies of the fallen dictatorships” - - N.K.]

[The newspaper “Vinnitski visti” dated August 5, 1943 provided information about collecting funds for a monument to the victims of Soviet repression. In July-September 1943, almost every issue of this newspaper published materials on the progress of excavations of the graves of NKVD victims of 1937-1938 (I, p. 532).]

And here is what I. M. Malinin himself writes about A. A. Sevastyanov:
“Large office of the burgomaster of Vinnitsa, prof. A. A. S. A respectable looking man, with a gray beard and glasses, the professor looks attentively at those talking to him. Not a single petitioner, not a single visitor leaves without good parting words and practical advice in the difficult situation of the German occupation and military events. A calm, balanced voice, self-possessed manners and complete correctness with all people of different social ranks, official positions and conditions make it possible for each of them to be calm after a conversation with a person whose moral authority among the population shocked by the military events is absolutely unshakable.

Only one who has honor and conscience beyond all influences, beyond all events can gain such authority. In such people one can see a man of duty to his population, as the city residents became convinced of soon after the German occupation. In 1941, after the Germans captured the city, Professor S., as the head of the city administration, was asked to draw up a list of hostages. After his refusal to carry out this order, he was threatened with severe punishment by the Gestapo; then, in response, he offered himself alone as a hostage, which the Germans “kindly” refused. In the city government, having indignantly conveyed this categorical order, he proposed compiling a voluntary list of members of the city government and again put his name first. The German command, convinced of Professor S.’s inflexibility, refused to accept this list. And from that time on, he no longer made such demands to the city government. The entire population of the city and district soon learned about the act of their leader.” (quoted from M. Yu. Sorokina, p. 187).

M. Seleshko [Mikhailo Seleshko - Vinnytsia. Remember the transfer of the commission to the investigation of the evildoings of the NKVD in 1937-1938. - Foundation im. O. Olzhich. - New York-Toronto-London-Sydney, 1991. On the Internet: Seleshko M. Vinnytsya. spomyny perekladacha komisiyi doslidiv zlochyniv NKVD v 1937-1938 rr. - http://toloka.hurtom.com/viewtopic.php?t=62072] notes: “Sevastyanov, an old professor who visited both America and Europe in the old days, he spoke different languages.” Let us remind you that Prof. A. A. Sevastyanov was 70 years old at the beginning of the occupation, so the “old professor” is a reflection of reality.

Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov reports many details about prof. A. A. Sevastyanov: “Sevastyanov is smart. The Germans have been known to him since pre-Caesar times. He also knows what Sturm und Drang nach Osten means. He is a Slav. He is a progressive man of our time and is well versed in politics. He has a wealth of life experience. He saw people! He visited abroad several times. He is fluent in French and speaks German well. He knows how to speak with people of all ranks and classes, knows how to listen to his interlocutors and listen to visitors. He possesses the methods and tact necessary to serve the public. Who in Vinnitsa can be compared with him? Nobody! This is not an ordinary, but an outstanding personality. You cannot depict it with one stroke, with one stroke. Here we need observation and study according to the formula of the ancients: “Judge them by their deeds” (II, p. 162 et seq.).

“Sevastyanov knew how to listen to visitors. His patience and endurance were amazing. There was not a Vinnitsa resident who could say that he knew of a case when Sevastyanov would lose his temper or raise his voice. His contacts with Vinnytsia residents and occupiers were instructive even for those who had long tried to work hard on themselves in this direction...” [here V. Ya. Kulikov is clearly hinting at himself - N. K.] Further praises to prof. Sevastyanov continues with no less zeal, emphasizing his undoubted superiority over professors Zamyatin, Mikhulko-Gorbatsevich, Masalov, Gan. “Sevastyanov among them was like Gulliver among the Lilliputians.” (II, p. 165).

After the second execution of Jews (April 16, 1942), “... Sevastyanov tried to commit suicide,” as engineer Morozov reported to V. Ya. Kulikov. “Dr. K. also heard this from Sevastyanov’s brother-in-law, Dr. Gough, who was on duty for two days in the apartment of the headman, who had lost his balance and, they said, his mind” (II, p. 207).

“He did a lot of good for prisoners of war” (II, p. 163). “The occupiers looked askance at Sevastyanov’s zeal in caring for Red Army prisoners of war. Since they also knew his negative attitude towards atrocities against Jews, he became persona non grata for them.” On February 1, 1942, matters were already approaching his resignation. Bernard was named his successor. Bernard worked diligently with the occupiers. He was a Volksdeutsch. But could he be compared with Sevastyanov? Sevastyanov knew people of all classes, Bernard knew only workers. Sevastyanov always used only selected words, and Bernard always used rude ones. Sevastyanov was always collected, clean, well dressed, while Bernard was flamboyant, often unshaven and casually dressed. When the Germans met with Sevastyanov, they had to “catch up, looking up to him, and when contacting Bernard, they were surprised at his carelessness and unceremoniousness” (II, p. 164).

V. Ya. Kulikov believes that prof. A. Sevastyanov, prof. G.S. Gan, and a number of other people from local authorities during the occupation, were not by chance the people who ended up in these places. They were “prepared (mostly) and exposed to the occupiers” (II, p. 179). But then neither V. Ya. Kulikov, the author of this hypothesis, nor me (who tried in a review of his book to point out what was truthfully told and clearly - sometimes it is not clear why - what was hidden, and what was objectively assessed from what was characterized according to the personal sympathies or antipathies of the author) , one cannot understand the behavior of these professors during the Germans’ retreat from the city. One of them left for the West, the other remained, although the revenge of the Soviet authorities for collaborating with the enemy threatened both equally. Perhaps you can understand something by reading the above-mentioned archive.

Or - no: the answer is in other archives. In what V.Ya. Kulikov called it because of the color of the facade, the “chocolate house” (which still stands opposite the music and drama theater and in which during the war the Vinnitsa SD headquarters was located - the security service and the Gestapo - a secret state police, and before and after the war - the NKVD Directorate for the Vinnitsa region), where V. Ya. Kulikov himself came from and where, according to him, he went on calls without any fear. Let us note that V. Ya. Kulikov also taught at the Medical Institute during the occupation (for some reason not being listed among the teachers listed in the Report), and after the liberation of the city he continued his teaching activity there.

How, returning to the assumption of V. Ya. Kulikov, then understand the following quote from the Special Message of the Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR S. R. Savchenko to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b)U L. R. Korneyts about the situation in Vinnitsa and the Vinnitsa region ( dated January 26, 1943) - I, page 206: “All orders and instructions on the civil line (about taxes, etc.) are signed by Sevastyanov and a certain Bernard. Who the latter is is not established.”? This Special Message is marked “Top Secret” - so is Bernard “prepared”, according to V. Ya. Kulikov, for the deputy? People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR was “top secret”? Or were the data collectors for occupied Vinnitsa far from being professionals in their field? The deputy himself The People's Commissar compiled this message in the city of Borisoglebsk (this is in the east of the Voronezh region).

Switching to Ukrainian (apparently quoting a local newspaper of those years), V. Ya. Kulikov reports that on the night of December 27-28, 1943 [almost three months before the liberation of Vinnitsa - N.K. ] ““the head of the place” “having left the baked jam” and went into an unknown direction; thought [they said - N.K.] - to Paris." (p. 165). Undoubtedly, Sevastyanov, due to his intelligence, saw further than others...

DEPARTMENT OF HISTOLOGY.

“1935 Professor V.E. Fomin (1876-1940) graduated from the Moscow University. Zavdyaki Prof. For V.E. Fomin, the department was well equipped and provided with reagents. The assistants were V.D. Bukhovets, G.I. Kashlakova, S.A. Pletnyov and E.P. Topchieva.
In the pre-war period, the department provided mainly for the initial process.

During the fascist German occupation, the position of the department was reduced.
After the liberation of the city of Vinnitsa from the fascist prisons, the medical institute renewed its work and the head of the department at the sickle in 1944.

Again, not a word about the years of occupation. Although the Report mentions assistant Topchiev (undoubtedly, this is E. P. Topchieva - didn’t she then work at the Department of Pathophysiology under Prof. Ya. M. Britvan? Or did I mix something up: it was a long time ago, and the album of our release is 1961 I don’t have it.).
But the name of V.D. Bukhovets appears.
He taught me microbiology, so I consider it necessary to provide some data on the history of the microbiology department, although it is not in the list of departments mentioned in the Report:

“In 1936 Doctor of Medical Sciences Professor G.P. Kalin was appointed head of the department. In a short period of time, the staff of the department under the leadership of G.P. Kalini made significant contributions to the developments of chemical microbiological science, improved and enriched the material base of the department.

Vinnitsa Medical Institute in Chernya 1941 was evacuated to Stavropol. During the Great White War, the main department was completely plundered, and the initial building of the Medical Institute was destroyed. Only after the victory over fascist Germany, in 1945, the renovation of the morphological building and departments of the Medical Institute began. The Department of Microbiology has been working to meet its needs. The organization of the initial process, the scientific activities of the department, and the provision of necessary equipment was handled by the head of the department of microbiology, Ph.D. Associate Professor Taisiya Arseniyevna Lobova, who, according to the transfer of the Ministry of Health Protection, from the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Institute began work at the Department of Microbiology in 1946. During the war period, it was practically re-created material base, the staff of the department was formed. During this period, payments were made spіvropіtniki bacteriological laboratory of the Vinnytsia Regional SES E. S. Aberman, P. A. Bernasovsky, F. S. Kaminska, E. S. Rubina, Ts. M. Naftulishina, E. O. Ostrovska. They have been changed physician-bacteriologist F.Ya.Goldenberg, candidate of biological sciences V.D.Bukhovets, candidate of medical sciences T.Z.Voronina, candidate of medical sciences Yu.N.Gonchakova, candidate of medical sciences "K.V. Tretyak, A.V. Pishel, Ph.D. E.V. Stolyarchuk."

There's a lot of interesting stuff here. First of all, this is a mention of the evacuation of the institute to Stavropol. Although Wikipedia indicates something completely different: “With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuated Dnepropetrovsk Medical Institute joined the [Stavropol - N.K.] university.” And on the official website of the Stavropol State Medical University the following is stated: “...Soon after the start of the war, teaching staff began to arrive from the western regions of the country to Voroshilovsk [as Stavropol was called in 1935-1943 - N.K.] students of evacuated medical universities. In August 1941, the Dnepropetrovsk Medical Institute was evacuated to Voroshilovsk, which from the beginning of the academic year merged with the Voroshilov Medical Institute. From that moment on, all courses and departments of the institute began to function.”

Here, once again, we cannot do without the testimony of V. Ya. Kulikov. Let us leave aside the question of whether it is true that “the establishment of the department was poor.” It is more important to decide on the evacuation of the institute: did it happen or was everything limited to the received order for such, which some compilers of the history of departments from the current medical university consider to have been carried out then, in the summer of 1941? I quote V. Ya. Kulikov:

“The Vinnitsa Medical Institute, as well as the central part of Vinitsa, found themselves under occupation at dawn on July 19, 1941. There was no attempt to evacuate him. The reasons are the same, namely: the rapid advance of the German army, the confusion of the party, Soviet authorities and the population. In short, the Vinnitsa Medical Institute was left in place in statu quo, and the director, party organization, associate professors, assistants and other employees fled. Until June 30, 1941, the Institute worked normally. Messages from the front did not please the employees, secret and forbidden listening to radio broadcasts unbalanced them, but still they went to work, held on, lived in Vinnitsa. But on June 30 at 20 o’clock the German radio reported: “today our Bavarian units occupied Lemberg (Lviv),” and then all of Vinnitsa started talking that the military personnel had urgently evacuated their families. Vinnytsia residents, including employees of the medical institute, lost their balance, spontaneously quit their service and ran, rushing out of Vinnitsa using all types of transport. No one stopped anyone, no one forbade anyone to leave.” (II, p. 330).

“... And so all the professors and associate professors - Jews, and they were the majority - left their clinics with patients and departments with all their property and left Vinnitsa. Only professor of biology A. A. Sevastyanov, head of the department of normal anatomy, associate professor M. K. Zamyatin, head. Department of Pathological Anatomy, Dr. med. Sciences, Professor G.S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, Head. Department of Hygiene Dr. med. Sciences G.S. Gan, Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Candidate of Medical Sciences. Sciences V. M. Masalov. It must be said that most of the property of the departments under their jurisdiction was preserved until the liberation of Vinnitsa.” (II, p. 330). “...THE PROPERTY OF THE DEPARTMENTS IN MOST PART OF IT WAS PRESERVED UNTIL THE LIBERATION OF VINNYTSIA.” - I draw the attention of those who superficially read this sentence from the memoirs of V. Ya. Kulikov.

“...The Institute's library was almost undamaged. The occupiers were not interested in the premises she occupied, and the books did not bother her. So she was almost completely intact and waited for the liberation of Vinnitsa...” (II, p. 331).

“Was it possible to save all the property of the medical institute? With the selection of personnel that prevailed in the pre-war period, when the Institute was staffed by members and candidates for party membership and by class selection, one could not count on this. It was necessary not only to represent and inform, but also to know the business and the service. And to top it all off, the director of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute was an inexperienced person in administration, but impeccable in class terms (a shepherd in the past). As a result, the health service and state property were damaged; employees and students were left on their own according to the formula “whoever and how best can save himself.” Some teachers and students were evacuated beyond the Volga, to Central Asia and other remote places of the Soviet Union, many remained or were left in Vinnitsa, some went to villages. Some of the former employees and students of the medical institute went to serve the occupiers or began to collaborate with them” (II, p. 332).

I am not commenting here on these thoroughly pharisaical reasonings of V. Ya. Kulikov, who “forgot,” among other things, to mention the institute’s employees who went to the front, many of whom remained on the battlefields. There are many such obvious deviations from the truth in the book, as I have already written about (,). I just want to warn the reader here that the memoirs of an eyewitness to the occupation, doctor V. Ya. Kulikov - although unique in their kind - contain a significant amount of deliberately incomplete or distorted information. And we had and will have to refer to these memories more than once or twice.

It would be dishonest not to quote in this place from the Memorandum of the vaunted Chairman of the Vinnitsa City Council A. Sevastyanov to the Vinnitsa City Commissioner on the creation of an evacuation committee (the note, as noted in the Collection, is dated in the afternoon, “Not earlier than November 8, 1943”):
“...The Administration considers the following property to be removed from Vinnitsa:
a) the most valuable property of the medical institute and health care institutions;
b) some unique items from libraries and museums;
c) part of the equipment and scarce medicines of pharmacies and pharmacy departments.” (I, pp. 194-195).

Most likely, when fleeing Vinnitsa in the spring of 1944, the Germans had no time for the recommendations of A. Sevastyanov (whose trace had long since disappeared by that time - he had disappeared from the city much earlier, at the end of December 1943), otherwise more about this somewhere would have been reported, and V. Ya. Kulikov would not have kept this fact silent.

Let's return again to one of my teachers - V. D. Bukhovts. According to the “Staffing Schedule of the Vinnitsa City Government” dated May 1, 1942 (I, pp. 185 - 189), V. Bukhovets was listed in the medical and sanitary department as a sanitary inspector-doctor with a monthly salary of 1,100 marks (the burgomaster received, note, 1,800 marks ). It remains, however, not completely clear: this is V.D. Bukhovets or his wife, V.I. Bukhovets, who will be discussed below.

So, during my studies, V.D. Bukhovets was an associate professor at the Department of Microbiology and gave us a number of lectures. The lectures of V.D. Bukhovets were, so to speak, purely businesslike, without any special emotions, without lyrical digressions, etc. Either he - tall, with a simple face - was of this nature from birth, or all the vicissitudes that happened to him and his wife after the liberation of Vinnitsa, about which I know nothing, but which I can well imagine, left an imprint on the rest of his life.

V. D. Bukhovets was a scientist, if not with a worldwide, then, in any case, with an all-Union name. He described one of the strains of the so-called hookless leptospira, which received HIS NAME in world literature. V.D. Bukhovets proposed a live attenuated leptospirosis vaccine, which was very important for the prevention of a serious disease - leptospirosis, in particular in farm animals. This happened in the 50s - early 70s of the last century.

DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

And here there is not a word about the time of occupation:
“To summarize the materials in the archive, the Department of Foreign Languages was created in 1934. Latin, English and German languages were included in 7 publications. Head of the department, Associate Professor, Candidate of Philological Sciences I. O. Plotnikov.
Scientific work with a methodical character began in 1950...”

And the surname Rudzit (from the Report) seems familiar to me. I can’t remember anything specifically.

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY.

On the page of this department, finally, the period of occupation of Vinnitsa is mentioned, but not in the aspect that interests us, but in the story about the founder of the department, Nikolai Afanasyevich Vakulenko (he also taught in the second half of the 50s, when I was studying): “From 1929 to 1941 rіk Prosector of the regional medical center. M.I. Pirogov and also head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy at the Vinnytsia Medical Institute. During the war, he worked in the occupied territory as a prosector in the regional hospital.” One gets the impression that in the first post-war years (until 1948) N.A. Vakulenko again headed the department. In the late 50s, he, a very elderly, good-natured associate professor, gave lectures and explained everything in Russian during practical classes, but with, perhaps, an old Ukrainian accent, pronouncing, for example, “fascia” as “hfascia,” etc. Therefore, he received the nickname “Hfascia” from the students. Years of his life: 1890-1962.

[In 1956, when I transferred from the Kursk Medical Institute to Vinnitsa, there was a peak in the attempt to transfer teaching to the Ukrainian language. But gradually all this came to naught, since many teachers did not speak the Ukrainian language at all, others spoke a language that is now called Surzhik (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhik), and was previously designated as a “mixture” French with Nizhny Novgorod." Surprisingly, the German professor Nikolai Karlovich Witte (head of the department of normal physiology) or the Jew associate professor Solomon Efremovich Burkat (head of the course of physical colloid chemistry) gave lectures in good Ukrainian, and ... (I won’t continue). The Ukrainian language was completely alien to many students, primarily those transferred from institutes in other places (Russia, etc.), a number of children of Kyiv bosses, etc.]

And during the period of occupation, the department of pathological anatomy was headed by prof. Makhulko - Gorbatsevich (in the Report it is Manulko - Gorbatsevich).

Grigory Stepanovich Makh(n)ulko - Gorbatsevich, according to V. Ya. Kulikov (II, p. 156) competed with prof. A. A. Sevastyanov for the post of head of the Provisional City Administration. But A. A. Sevastyanov turned out to have better relations with the Germans, his candidacy was supported by one important person among them, and the former chairman of the zemstvo government Gaisin, unlike G. S. Makh(n)ulko-Gorbatsevich, spoke their language.

V. Ya. Kulikov reports little good about this professor. G.S. Makh(n)ulko - Gorbatsevich and his entourage were mistaken for a long time, hoping for help from the Germans in creating an independent Ukrainian state. “He imagined that the times of Petliura had come, that with the help of the Germans an independent Ukraine would be restored. And he joined the occupiers and became a collaborator. He did not do anything else reprehensible in favor of the occupiers” (II, p. 168). He “was vain” (II, p. 169).
“When he was taken away by the Gestapo on April 14, 1943 [as a Ukrainian nationalist - N.K.], his family was left without any means of subsistence. If not for the help of the Vinnytsia community, she would have died of hunger...
He was released from prison on October 30, 1943. [I was very surprised that V.Ya. Kulikov indicated (recorded somewhere!) the exact dates of the arrest and release of the professor - N.K.] He was hired as a doctor in the Vinnitsa prison. Exhausted, tormented, and hungry, he fell ill and retired from political activity. His like-minded people are Doroshenko [a forensic physician who participated in the opening of NKVD burials - N.K.], Lukyanenko, Chernomorets [chief doctor of a psychoneurological hospital and a psychiatrist of the same medical institution, both taught medical students. Institute - N.K.] and others left with the occupiers, he did not follow them.” (II, pp. 170 - 171).
“...he spoke slowly, drawlingly, and it was difficult to listen to him to the end... They said that the culprit was tick-borne encephalitis, which he suffered in Siberia. In addition, he was always poorly dressed and took little care of his appearance.” (II, p. 171).

At the same time, it is noted that G.S. Makh(n)ulko-Gorbatsevich “never took advantage of his official position, did not get rich, lived on a salary and meager rations and was an honest and disinterested person... As a matter of fact, he never left from Vinnitsa during the evacuation of the city due to lack of funds.” (II, p. 170).

“Did he cause any harm to Vinnitsa and any of the Vinnytsia residents?” - asks V. Ya. Kulikov. And he himself answers: “No!” “He slept and in a dream saw “Independent Ukraine” and, miscalculating, suffered twice for it: after serving under Petliura and during the occupation... He was also a strong scientist. Among the people of his specialty in Ukraine there were few scientists equal to him in special significance. He was known as a particularly great expert on scleroma. In this regard, he probably had no equal in the world.” (II, p. 171).

Nevertheless, V. Ya. Kulikov considers what happened after the liberation of Vinnitsa with G. S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich to be natural, almost normal. “In fact, could Bishop of Vinnitsa and Zhitomir Gregory, who prayed for the health of Adolf Hitler and the granting of victory to the “German Christ-loving army,” or the former deputy director for economic affairs of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute Bernard, “deputy,” could have stayed in Vinnitsa. head m. Vinnytsia” and others? Of course no. Stalin and Beria were in their places and would not have spared them. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, a collaborator, Sevastyanov’s deputy, risked staying and died on March 21, 1944 (on the second day of liberation) (II, p. 349).
The “eyewitness” mixed everything and everyone into one pile and was embarrassed, perhaps, to mention the one who told the NKVD about Professor Makhulko-Gorbatsevich on the very first day of liberation...

DEPARTMENT OF THERAPY.

Of the currently existing departments of internal medicine, only three were organized in the pre-war period and existed in the first post-war years (then called the departments of propaedeutic, faculty and hospital therapy). In brief summaries of the history of these departments, nothing is mentioned about the time of occupation.

Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases..
“I was the founder of the former Ukrainian teaching, the therapist Boris Solomonovich Shklyar (1936-1941), who headed the department of propaedeutics in 1936-1941, and then again in 1945-1950.”

Department of Internal Medicine No. 1.
“Born in 1939 after the death of prof. Fishenzona E.Ya. Doctor med. Sciences, Professor A.A. Aizenberg. In the pre-war years, the department had no small scientific focus. 5 works by Professor Fishenzon E.Ya., two works by Associate Professor M.F. Shinkareva were published.
After the liberation of Vinnytsia from 1944 to 1950. The Department of Faculty Therapy was awarded to candidate of medical sciences Oleksandr Volodimirovich Azletsky.”

Department of Internal Medicine No. 2.
“The department was founded in 1936. Professor E.Ya. Fishenzon, professor M.M. Geft, assistant M.F. Shinkariova, S.D. Zaslavska. Before the Great German War, the team of the department worked on the problem of diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system and the colonic-intestinal tract.
In the post-war years, Professor Ya.M. took over the department. Britvan, then G.D. Davidov and associate professor B.I. Lidsky."

About the professor-therapist Maslov [Masalov V.V., according to the website of the Vinnitsa Medical University and Masalov V.M., according to V.Ya. Kulikov, on page 330 and Masalov V.V. on page 376 - N.K. ]: this is an associate professor of infectious diseases, who headed the corresponding department from 1938 before the start of the war and in 1944 - 1945.

“In 1935, an associate professor’s course of infectious diseases was created at the department of faculty therapy, and in 1938, an independent department of infectious diseases was founded, when the infectious disease doctor V.V. Masalov. After 3 years, he submitted a dissertation on the topic “Constallation of sulfanilamide and its derivatives in meningococcal infection.” V.V. Masalov left the department before the Great German War and in the early days the liberation of Vinnytsia under the German occupation. The first assistants of the department were N.M. Berg, E.F. Grobman, A.G. Leuferman. The main focus of scientific research was the treatment of epidemiological cerebrospinal meningitis. During the years 1945-1949, he became the head of the department of Keruvav E.F. Grobman, who stole his 1947 candidate’s dissertation “Evaluation of the treatment of cerebrospinal (meningococcal) meningitis.” (http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/).

V. Ya. Kulikov was not particularly enthusiastic about the medical and organizational activities of V. V. Masalov: “... the infectious diseases hospital, headed by Masalov, puts up with incredible mortality from diphtheria. There is no... [a list of missing necessities follows - N.K.], and Associate Professor Masalov and Professor Gan are calm and inactive. Then Dr. Kulikov intervenes in this matter...” (II, p. 173).

Masalov “was distinguished by his lack of management, lack of organizational skills and incredible indecisiveness. ... It’s clear that ignorance (Gan) and passivity (Masalov) did not cope with the rash.” (II, p. 174).

V.V. Masalov headed the department of infectious diseases after the war, not “rocky”, but for about only one year: since 1945, the department was headed by one of the first assistants of the department, E.F. Grobman (see above). And at this time he (Masalov), of course, like other doctors who were in the occupied city, especially those who “worked for the enemy,” was ostracized by those who returned from the fronts or from evacuation.

“The funeral of the Masalovs, who died of typhus on the same day, was especially significant in terms of the division of Vinnytsia residents into those evacuated and those who were under occupation. [I believe that this was in 1945 - N.K.] Associate Professor V.V. Masalov worked in Pirogovka for more than thirty years. Only a few of his many colleagues came to the funeral.” (II, p.376).

Assistant Nikolai Pavlovich Demenkov is “a participant in the civil war, a competent therapist, an experienced fighter against infections in the Red Army during the civil war” (II, p. 241). This is how V. Ya. Kulikov characterizes him.

And then: “Doctor Demenkov [with whom V. Ya. Kulikov served together in the Red Army units located in Vinnitsa until 1930 - N.K.] was arrested by the NKGB VOU and sentenced to 5 years in prison (he was later rehabilitated and released) ." (II, p. 343). N.P. Demenkov ended up in the dungeons “on the advice” of V.Ya. Kulikov, who convinced a number of people not to evacuate when the Germans retreated, along with the latter. Below I present the arguments of V. Ya. Kulikov.

The doctor N.P. Demenkov, who worked with him, and some other doctors who collaborated with the occupiers, Dr. K. (as the author calls himself “conspiratorially” in this section) recommended not to flee to the West during the retreat of the Germans, but to submit to the returning authorities. “... what is driving you into an unknown distance, where no one is waiting for you, and even taking your wife with you? Of course, the Soviet government will not praise it - no reason. Even if she punishes you, you will stay at home, in your homeland, and will not make your wife suffer for your company.” “... Let's say you are convicted. Serve it out...” “...I, for example, am ready for all this and calm” (p. 136). [By the way, can the last sentence be considered sincere, expressing the author’s true feelings? After all, even their own people, and V. Ya. Kulikov was most likely one of them, were often liquidated by NKVD officers, for various reasons - N.K.]

Assistant Lidia Petrovna Bizho worked as a general practitioner at the Regional Hospital named after. N.I. Pirogova, tried to free young people from being sent to Germany. That's all that V. Ya. Kulikov reports about her.

Assistant Vladislav Methodievich Kutelik (II, p. 311) [according to the Report - Kutilek - N.K.] - the Pirogovka doctor was among those who “competently freed people from being sent to Germany,” and “widely freed those who were being commissioned...” . “He was a Volksdeutsch, and that gave him courage.” (II, p. 311).

DEPARTMENT OF PHTHISIATRICS.

The history of this department, according to the website, dates back to 1954, although, undoubtedly, a course of tuberculosis (independently or at one of the departments of therapy) - given the high prevalence of this disease at that time - could not but exist.

I did not find any information about doctor Geltser.

DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY.

Department of General Surgery: “In 1940-41 and 1944-45. chair of the Keruvav Moisey Yuliyovich Lorin-Epshtein."
Department of Surgery No. 1: “The Department of Hospital Surgery was organized in 1937 on the basis of the regional hospital with the participation and under the supervision of Professor Mikoli Mikolayovich Bolyarsky... After the liberation of M. Vinnits And as a result of the Nazi occupiers in 1944, a clinical site was organized in the front of P' Friday for clinical disciplines for 5th year students.”
Department of Surgery No. 2: “From 1939 to 1940, Professor S.T. Novitsky took over the department, and from 1940 to 1941, Professor I.A. Shrayer.
From 1945 to 1951, he was the head of the department and served as the rector of the institute, Honored Scientist of Science, Professor I.Ya. Deineka.”
There is not a word about the years of evacuation in the department history sections.

About Professor Pavel Viktorovich Trempovich mentioned in the Report, I could only find out that he worked in the 20-30s at the Department of General Surgery of the Medical Institute in Minsk. V. Ya. Kulikov sometimes calls Belarusian P. V. Trempovich a professor in his “Memoirs of an Eyewitness” (II, p. 258), and notes that he visited Germany. He emphasizes more than once that Trempovich spoke German fluently (II, p. 257).
Trempovich appeared in Vinnitsa along with a wave of refugees from territories already captured by the Germans. He was sheltered by V. Ya. Kulikov: “Dr. Trempovich Pavel Viktorovich, finding himself on the street, cried bitterly like a child when Dr. K. provided him and his old wife with his warm office, without imposing any responsibilities on him.” (II, p. 136).

I can only say one thing about assistant Vera Nikolaevna Mazanik: this is the daughter of Nikolai Makarovich [Makarevich - V. Ya. Kulikov also has this spelling - N.K.] Mazanik - during the years of occupation, the chief physician of the regional hospital. N.I. Pirogov (II, pp. 293, 307, etc.).

About the surgeon Evgeny Stepanovich Gough [It turned out that the minimum is not entirely true. Associate Professor of Vinnitsa Pedagogical University T.R. Karoeva sent me information in August 2015 that Georgy Stanislavovich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor - worked from September 1945 to 08/09/1946 as a librarian of the Vinnitsa Regional Museum of Local Lore, then was transferred to the position of researcher, and in September 1946 he resigned from the museum. - N.K.]

By the way, the medical and sanitary department of prof. G.S. Gan led only the first Provisional Administration of the city. On January 19, 1944, he had to head the second Provisional Administration himself, by order of the Stadtkommissar (German city mayor), since prof. A. A. Sevastyanov had already left the city by this time. However, soon, on March 11 of the same year, prof. G.S. Gan was forced to end his reign - and he left the city in an unknown direction.

Professor Georgy Stanislavovich Gan (der Hahn - rooster, in German) in the memoirs of V. Ya. Kulikov appears in an unfavorable light. He allegedly studied poisonous mushrooms, the waters of Vinnitsa, etc., but “the results of his scientific work were not felt, although he spent the whole day at the department. He lived a lonely, secluded, neglected and rather wild bachelor. His lectures were boring and indigestible: he read in a monotonous, squeaky voice...
Why didn’t he, a young, single, familyless and wealthy man, evacuate from Vinnitsa?” And further - in the same spirit (II, p. 172).

“... Hahn, a hygienist who knew nothing about health care or general medicine, took on the health care of the city. All the doctors in Vinnitsa can see that he didn’t take up his own business: hygiene is a medical science, but you need to know the organization of medical care and the health service, and have experience in such work. ... The trouble with Han is that he doesn’t know German. Some of the Germans tried to talk to the professor in French, but he doesn’t even know French. ... Gan struggles poorly with diphtheria, typhus and dysentery - he writes papers and that’s it. There is not a single dose of anti-diphtheria serum in pharmacies - Ghana is of little concern. The city is polluted to the extreme, but Professor Gan, the hygienist, is completely calm.” ((II, pp. 172-173).

On March 11, 1944, reports V. Ya. Kulikov, the bachelor Gan “in a hospital wheelchair left the yard of the mortar corps, having with him “two pieces” of luggage. Kulikov and Trempovich (Pirogovka’s doctor and Kulikov’s neighbor) bowed to him.
-"Runs away!" - said Trempovich.
- “Hiding!” - Kulikov noted. (II, p. 174).

Assistant V.I. Bukhovets (if I’m not mistaken, her name was Valentina Ivanovna) was during my studies (in the late 50s) an assistant at the department headed by the country’s most prominent hygienist, the legendary doctor of a huge camp of Soviet prisoners of war, Prof. R. D. Gabovich. I wrote in detail about the latter, with whom I had more or less friendly relations, in “My Vinnitsa.” V.I. was a good expert on the subject and, judging by my impressions, simply an excellent teacher. Hardworking, friendly.
I often talked about her - in the most positive tones - at home. Once, during my colorful narration of a group visit, according to the training plan, to a meat processing plant, I, with admiration, recalled what comments regarding production hygiene - very diplomatically, so that it was not offensive - V.I. made to the staff of the meat processing plant. One of the guests present at our house (I only remember that it was a doctor) suddenly interrupted me: “Didn’t she tell you how she danced on the tables in the German officers’ club?” (located on the territory of a psychiatric hospital - N.K.). I was taken aback. I just introduced her - she had a very nice figure and beautiful legs - at the same time... Stories came to mind about how the doctors who remained in the city helped the partisans. Although by that time there were already doubts about the veracity of everything officially told. I thought about where her husband was at that time (I believed that, most likely, in the Red Army). In a word, I now understand that I was mistaken, because I did not know that the Bukhovets spouses served under the Germans and with the Germans. But even after more than half a century, I have not learned the whole truth and will never know.

On the website of the Vinnitsa Medical University, in the history section of the Department of Hygiene, assistant V.I. Bukhovets is still present in a photograph from 1971. Let me remind you that she served as the head of this department since 1937 (she worked at the department, undoubtedly, from an earlier time). So we can only admire her teaching longevity!

DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY.

Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases: “In 1937, the department was founded by Professor M.Z. Yukhnevich (1937-1941). During the period of occupation by the Nazi fascists, the theoretical building and clinics were destroyed, and the University did not function until 1944. After the liberation of Vinnytsia from the German fascist prisons in 1944, the institute renewed its work and the head of the department of book appointments was Professor L.O. Khristin (1944 -1945)."

How do you like it? “During the period of occupation by the Nazi invaders, the theoretical building and clinics were destroyed; the university did not function until 1944!” Why this deception? Moreover, Prof. L. O. Khristin continued his interrupted work at the department. True, in the Report he is listed as Hristi L.D. (in the original in Ukrainian - Hristi L.D.), and once in V. Ya. Kulikov - “Dean Hristich” (II, p. 343).

DEPARTMENT OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES.

Department of Psychiatry: “The Department of Psychiatry at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute was founded in 1935. At the established department, O.K. Sudomir, a graduate of the Kiev Medical Institute, was elected. O. K. Sudomir devoted his early career to psychiatry as a doctor. Until 1941, when he voluntarily joined the army, O. K. Sudomir gave lectures masterfully...
After the liberation of Vinnytsia from the German occupiers in 1944, a series of renovations began, both in the department and in the psychoneurological medicine department, taking over prof. O. A. Zaitsev is a graduate of the Leningrad Medical Institute...”
Department of Nervous Diseases with a Course of Neurosurgery: “The Department of Nerve Diseases at the Vinnytsia Medical Institute was created in 1935 on the basis of the psycho-neurological hospital. acad. O.I. Yushchenko. The first head of the department was Professor Beder V.L., a representative of the Kiev school of neurologists. During the Great German War, during the hour of occupation, the activities of the department were suspended. After the liberation, the department renewed its work. In 1946, after the death of Prof. Bedera V.L. The department was temporarily headed by doctor Polishchuk V.B.”

Again - not true. Where are assistants Lukyanenko and Chernomorets? We will talk about them now.
The German command of the city ordered Anton Ivanovich Lukyanenko, the chief doctor of the psychiatric hospital, to kill mentally ill patients. “The doctors’ resistance was weak. The fear of execution turned out to be stronger than the medical duty,” notes V. Ya. Kulikov dismissively (II, p. 327).
I will quote myself (from a review of the book by V. Ya. Kulikov):
“Doctor Lukyanenko at the end of 1943 left “Ridna” Ukraine and went to Germany” (II, p. 329). And about this, the word “Ridna”, taken in quotation marks, I, like in many other places in V. Ya. Kulikov’s book, stumbled. Why is there ridicule here? What - A.I. Lukyanenko, together with other doctors of the hospital, committed the murder of patients of the hospital he led on their own initiative and with great pleasure? Has V. Ya Kulikov forgotten what his former colleague in the Red Army, Doctor Demenkov, told him: after receiving the order from the Germans, Lukyanenko “... is worried, ... shocked - he does not look like himself” (II, p. 324). To whom does V. Ya. Kulikov want to look like a greater Catholic than the Holy Father?

V. Ya. Kulikov, however, notes that since the relatives of the mentally ill knew about the causes of mass mortality among the latter, dozens of patients were taken home by their relatives. “Dr. Lukyanenko did not interfere with this. There were no incidents. The occupying Germans also did not express any objections.” (II, p. 328).

By the way, on the first day of the physical destruction of mental patients, V. Ya. Kulikov himself walked along the river, pleasantly talking with a high-ranking German sent from Berlin to the post of Stadtkommissar (city commissar) in Baku, a certain Mr. Eckel, personally known to Hitler.

The Collection (I, pp. 629-631) contains an article from Vinnitskaya Pravda dated December 17, 1944, “Murderers.” It says, in particular, the following (in my translation from the Ukrainian language): “The German barbarians were helped by the former director [as written in the original!] in exterminating the sick! - N.K.] of the Lukyanenko hospital and the chief physician Chernobryvets [position and surname - in the original!, although we are talking about assistant Chernomorets, according to the Memo, and only acquaintance with the archive can help in the final establishment of the truth - N.K.]. They created unbearable conditions for the patients, and then began to poison them... Chernobryvets was in charge of the poisoning of the patients, and they directly performed this work as a paramedic."

This article ends with the following paragraph:
“The direct perpetrators are now sitting in the dock - the murderers Dyachenko, Gota, Slobodyanyuk and the senior hospital policeman Skripnik, who helped the SS men shoot people and betrayed Soviet citizens to the Gestapo. The main participants in the massacre cannot avoid punishment - the traitor doctors Lukyanenko and Chernobryvy (sic! - N.K.), the fascists Sepp, Meding, Neim, Gebitor Commissar Margenfeld and all those who caused so much grief, who brutally destroyed Soviet people. The case for their crime will be heard in a military tribunal.” Did they get to Lukyanenko, who left for Germany - who knows?

Elsewhere, V. Ya. Kulikov emphasizes the zealous anti-Semitism of the head physician of a psychiatric hospital (II, p. 283).
Only once V. Ya. Kulikov writes positively about A. I. Lukyanenko, emphasizing the significant role of the head physician of the mental hospital in saving the lives of many Soviet prisoners of war (II, p. 240).

“For new cases of mental illness, a hospital with 30 beds was organized on Khmelnytsky Highway in a former police station. It was headed by Dr. Lukyanenko, and Dr. Chernomorets assisted him. Dr. Fischer was assigned to the Department of Nervous Diseases." (II, p. 328). We will consider this hospital a clinical base for the Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute during the occupation of the city by the Nazis.

TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy:
“Head of the department: prof. N.N. Bolyarsky (1934-1936), prof. S.T. Novitsky (1938-1941), associate professor. I.P.Kalistov (1944-1948)...”

Prof. Zamyatin - he was reported in the description of the Department of Anatomy (see above).

GERMAN.

I repeat.
Department of Foreign Languages: “In order to collect materials from the archive, the Department of Foreign Languages was created in 1934. Latin, English and German languages were included in 7 publications. Head of the department, Associate Professor, Candidate of Philological Sciences I. O. Plotnikov.
Scientific work with a methodical character began in 1950.” Assoc. Plotnikov headed the department after the war in the 40s and 50s: he took my exam.

The surname Rudzit seems familiar, but I didn’t see it in the department section on the medical university’s website. True, not all teachers' names are represented there.

A special speech about Professor Philipp Nikolaevich Serkov (1908-2011). In Wikipedia, about the academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine (twice), laureate of the I.M. Sechenov Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences, A.A. Bogomolets of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, F.N. Serkov, in particular , the following: “During the Great Patriotic War, he participated in hostilities as a military doctor, was captured and was in occupation until its liberation, after which he worked as a doctor in a front-line hospital.
From 1953 to 1966 he worked as head of the department of normal physiology.”

In the Ukrainian version of the same publication, more awards were added: “... awarded with the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, V degree, “Sign of Poshan”, “For Merit” III degree, two orders of the Labor Ensign.” And also the following: “During the time of the German-Radyan war, as a doctor, having taken part in battles, having been killed in full, I was forced to retire, living in the occupied territory. Under the hour of occupation, Danil Vorontsov [D. S. Vorontsov (1886-1965) - a famous electrophysiologist, before the war he headed the Department of Physiology at the Kyiv Medical Institute, where F. N. Serkov - N. K. worked before the death of starvation in Kiev.
After the Nazis were expelled from the territory, he lived and worked as a doctor in a front-line hospital.
From 1944 to 1953 he joined the Department of Normal Physiology at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute.”
The territory where F.N. Serkov lived is not specifically indicated in both versions.

And here’s more about the time of occupation: “And then the epic happened in Vinnitsa. Serkov managed to get a professor [D. S. Vorontsova - N.K.] to the position of laboratory assistant at the sanitary and epidemiological station, the occupation regime was concerned about preventing epidemics. The tuberculosis hospital, where Philip Nikolaevich was enrolled as a radiologist, has also been preserved. Participating in the patriotic movement, together with his wife Elizaveta Fedorovna, he fearlessly led a wounded underground fighter out of the city. And this partisan commander, having begun to work in the city council in Vinnitsa, which was soon liberated, remembered the modest doctor, and he was recalled from the hospital in Kozatin and invited to work at the revived Pirogov Medical Institute - dean, vice-rector and head of the department of physiology all rolled into one. However, he also read biochemistry... “It occurred to me to begin the restoration of the medical institute in Vinnitsa not from the first year, but to immediately announce free admission to all five courses.” Former students who, for one reason or another, did not complete their education, among them a number of front-line soldiers and many teachers, also flocked to the institute. The devastated hospitals immediately received reinforcements.” An excerpt from an article by Alla SHEVKO and Yuri VILENSKY - authors of the book “Life in Science - Science in Life. Conversations with academician Philip Nikolaevich SERKOV" K.: Naukova Dumka, 2009.

Another mention of the time of occupation: “Passed the test of captivity and the occupation regime, returned to the active army.
In 1944, he went to Vinnitsa to restore the medical institute, where he worked as head of the department of normal physiology, then as vice-rector.” (http://calendar.interesniy.kiev.ua/Event.aspx?id=1335).

And here is another story about this time - and another evidence that F.N. Serkov did not “In 1944 he went to Vinnitsa to restore the medical institute...”, but a couple of years before that: “Soon Philip Nikolaevich found himself in Kiev. From here he moved to Vinnitsa, where, during the occupation, the new authorities opened a “fakhshule” on the basis of the former medical institute. Serkov started teaching here, and since the “fakhshule” was soon closed after the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad, he transferred to a tuberculosis hospital as a radiologist, having learned a new specialty. The quiet, non-partisan scientist was actually playing a double game, facilitating the transfer of patriots who were written off as “dead” to partisan detachments.)

There are also similar messages that are caused either by the authors’ little knowledge of the subject of the presentation, or by a deliberate desire to present the facts in the aspect they desire. During the occupation, why be shy about direct statements, it was necessary to survive and, if this was possible, not at the expense of others and without “losing face.” Most likely, the special officers, who passed through their filters the intelligentsia located in the occupied territory, understood this. And there weren’t enough specialists to restore everything destroyed by the enemy, and even more so people like F.N. Serkov, who defended his doctoral dissertation a few weeks before the start of the war.

About the invitation of the institute to the DEPARTMENT OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY prof. I was unable to obtain information from S.K. Kapran.

Professor Feodosius Mikhailovich Gulyanitsky worked at the Regional Hospital named after. N. M. Pirogova (II, p. 309). V. Ya. Kulikov reports that he went to the partisans (II, p. 317), without indicating, even approximately, the date of this departure of the “candidate lecturer in PROSPURGERY.”

And now - about the background of the beginning of classes at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute in 1942 (version by V. Ya. Kulikov).
“A group of Vinnytsia theoretical professors, hungry, began to look for a way out of her difficult financial situation. They saw that medical practitioners were earning their daily bread for themselves and their families, but they were starving, and in the future there was nothing that would save them from hunger strike. Some, however, found service in the government apparatus and received small wages and meager rations, but others were unemployed and starving from the first day of the occupation. Anatomist Zamyatin, believing that from anatomy there is only one step to surgery, declared himself a surgeon. He somehow made his way into the surgical department of Pirogovka, rolled up his sleeves up to his elbows and began to wait for the patients. They, of course, did not go to him. He walked around with his sleeves rolled up and turned to me for advice. - "What should I do? - he asked me, “My family and I are brutally starving.” “You need to master a specialty,” I noted. - There is no ophthalmologist in Vinnitsa. The specialty is interesting. Take it as circumstances require, and you will have a piece of bread.” [The entire book of V. Ya. Kulikov is replete with his advice to different people on any occasion. Sometimes following his advice leads (the one who asked for it) to prison, etc., which I wrote about in the review. Here, according to V. Ya. Kulikov, from anatomy to eye diseases is even less than one step. Not like before surgery. Why is this suddenly happening? - N.K.]

Zamyatin took up eye diseases. He healed better, but began to sin against medical ethics: he began to take on work that was beyond his strength. The chief doctor forbade him to do this. Then he, together with other theorists - Gan, Makhulko-Gorbatsevich - decided to resume classes with the medical institute students who remained in Vinnitsa, who had completed four courses under Soviet rule. The Stadt Commissioner agreed to this. [Comically, even during the occupation, all instructions, prohibitions and permissions came from the same building as before the war: the Stadtkomissariat and SS headquarters were located in the former building of the regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. - N.K.] The fifth course was opened. Zamyatin became Director of the Institute. We also recruited the teachers needed for the fifth year. They began to assign titles. Only theoreticians received the title - anatomist Zamyatin, pathologist Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, hygienist Gan. Therapist Masalov had the title of associate professor. He, like the medical candidates who came from Kyiv. Sciences Gulyanitsky, Trempovich, Biontovskaya were awarded the title of professor. The rest - Demenkova, Barabash, Kutelik - were named associate professors. Demenkov and Barabash got themselves medical seals with a mention of this title. I abstained from the title and taught otorhinolaryngology without any title.” (II, pp. 371-372). [The names of Biontovskaya and Barabash are not listed in the Report; Mas(a)lov is listed as a professor, Kutelik (Kutilek) as an assistant. For some reason, not a word about the modest V. Ya. Kulikov. - N.K.]

“A week after the liberation of Vinnitsa from the fascist occupation, the head of the regional health department, Dr. Ivan Alekseevich Lobanov, who arrived in Vinnitsa on March 20, summoned the Pirogovka doctors who worked at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute during the occupation to check the documents. Comrade Lobanov accepted the certificates, read them carefully, tore them into small pieces in front of the bearer and threw them into a plate that stood on his table. “Go,” he said, tearing up his “docent” or “professor” certificate. My certificate, which stated that I was the head of the ENT department of the Vinnytsia Hospital named after. N.I. Pirogov, he smiled and returned it to me.
- "What's the matter? - Doctor Demenkov asked when we were returning to the hospital. “Why didn’t he tear up your ID?”
“Probably because it indicates the position to which he himself appointed me on July 13, 1941,” I noted. “And you had the title “Assistant Professor,” which was illegally assigned to you at the Medical Institute during the occupation: the Vinnytsia Medical Institute did not have the right to assign titles in peacetime.” (II, pp. 372-373).

The book by V. Ya. Kulikov, as mentioned above, was compiled by his grandson from notes made at different times. That's why there are repetitions in it. Thus, in another place, the reasons for the restoration of the educational activities of the medical institute are described in a slightly different way.
“The idea of taking classes with students of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute, who transferred to the fifth year, in order to graduate in 6-7 months with the title of doctor, appeared in Vinnitsa in January 1942.
The initiators of this case were professors of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute Gan, Zamyatin, Makhulko-Gorbatsevich and citizen Balkovsky, it seems, a biologist by profession. The theorists were in poverty during the occupation... And so they decided to also earn extra money at teaching jobs. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, a Ukrainian nationalist, was also impressed by the idea that in all of occupied Ukraine, only in Vinnitsa, in the city of Vinnitsa Colonel Bohun, on the initiative of Doctor of Medical Sciences Grigory Stepanovich Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, the Vinnitsa Medical Institute is functioning.

“Head of the Myst” Prof. Sevastyanov was against it. At least, his brother-in-law Dr. Gough, a person close to Professor Sevastyanov, being himself an ardent opponent of this idea, argued: “Alexander Alexandrovich (Sevastyanov) considers this idea unnecessary, untimely and useless. In fact, where is the basis for such a serious matter - clinics, professors, visual aids, textbooks, equipment, etc.? It’s just that the nationalist Makhulko-Gorbatsevich got it into his head to open the first Ukrainian medical institute in Vinnitsa, and for Gan, Zamyatin and others to earn 1,500-2,000 rubles a month.” (II, pp. 332-333).

“The initiators “pushed” this idea, the opponents gathered sympathizers. The latter were led by Sevastyanov, and Gough and Mazanik sympathized with him. The first one was motivated by the reasons listed above, the other two, I think, had other reasons: new worries would be added, the workload would increase, part-time work might decrease, and what do they (the Institute) need? I reasoned like this: “The idea is not solid, but not meaningless. It is beneficial not to let these 30-40 young people into German slavery and, after working with them for 6-7 months, release them with the title of doctor and send them to serve the people. If this is not done, then they will definitely be picked up by the occupiers, because some went to the Germans (Behnke). [It is not clear what V.Ya. Kulikov, who reasoned most intelligently of all, always meant by “went to the Germans” - N.K.] This must be prevented. This opportunity should not be missed." “In addition, it would not be amiss for doctors, when teaching, to update and repeat what they have learned,” - this is what I said at a meeting of the trio of Pirogovites - Gough, Mazanik, Kulikov, who discussed this issue on January 13, 1942, upon receipt from Gan (head of the medical department manage) relationships for No. 4. [The argument of V. Ya. Kulikov - to resume classes at the medical institute, so that the doctors appointed as TEACHERS, while teaching, themselves RENEW, REPEAT what they had learned - deserves, I think, special mention - N.K.] Evgeniy Stepanovich Gough strongly spoke out against the organization of classes with students of the fifth course, I am for it, Nikolai Makarovich Mazanik, not without hesitation, joined me.” (II, pp. 333-334).

Neither A. A. Sevastyanov nor E. S. Ghosh came to the organizational meeting.
However, the meeting still took place at the appointed time with the participation of Gan, Zamyatin, Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, Masalov, Demenkov, Razumovsky, Kunkel, Doroshenko, Kutelik, Kulikov, Lukyanenko, Sukmansky, Berezovskaya, Chernomorets, Balkovsky. It was reported that the garrison doctor, Dr. Sepp, does not object to the resumption of classes at the medical institute. The final decision rests with the Stadt Commissioner, but he is on a business trip.

Later, Stadt Commissioner Margenfeld also gave the go-ahead to organize classes with fifth-year students. V. Ya. Kulikov explains the favorable attitude towards the medical institute of the main Vinnitsa Germans “by the military failures of the German army experienced at that time near Moscow. The Red Army knocked down the arrogance of the fascists, and the Vinnitsa fascist occupiers came to their senses and became compliant.” (II, p. 335). No matter how hard I tried, I could not find a connection between these two circumstances. I don’t dare express my opinion here, since much remains outside the scope of this chapter of V. Ya. Kulikov’s memoirs - and the available information, or rather, the limitations of the latter, predisposes only to groundless speculation.

Now it is necessary to quote V. Ya. Kulikov again: “It should be noted that this initiative met with sympathy from the majority of those gathered. [Why else would they come to this meeting? - N.K.] Some - the Ukrainians Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, Lukyanenko, Doroshenko, Chernomorets - were pleased to know that they participated in the opening of the Ukrainian medical institute in the city of Vinnytsia Colonel Bogun - a participant and hero of the liberation war. Others - Kunkel, Kutelik, Sukmansky, Berezovskaya - were impressed by the opportunity to become university teachers (possibly an associate professor!). Still others - Gan, Zamyatin, Balkovsky - were attracted by earnings: only they were promised it, all others had to work for free.” (II, p. 334).

“On February 14, 1942 (the 238th day of the war), at 10 o’clock the grand opening of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute took place. Professor Sevastyanov opened the meeting “the head of M. Vinnitsi”. In his speech, read in German and then translated into Ukrainian, he thanked the Stadt Commissioner for permission to conduct classes with fifth-year students of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute and for promoting this “cultural work.” Speaking behind him was his deputy, Prof. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, in a speech in Ukrainian, called on teachers to more successfully conduct classes in the fifth year programs of the Faculty of Medicine, and for students to more thoroughly master what they taught. There were 30 students.

Then greetings were made by the Commissioner of Ukraine and the Stadt Commissioner, as well as prof. Serafimovich [one of the Ukrainian nationalists - German agents brought to Vinnitsa “with a convoy of occupiers” (II, p. 204) - N.K.]. The psychiatric hospital choir sang: “She’s not dead yet...”.

I spoke in response. O. Director of the Medical Institute Prof. Zamyatin. Then the choir sang three Ukrainian songs. Margenfeld got up from his seat, went up to Sevastyanov and said something to him. After this, the choir sang another Ukrainian song and the meeting was closed. Apparently, they forgot about the prayer service for which priest Slovachevsky had prepared - it did not take place. Honorary participants and students walked around the premises of the Marine Corps. With this, the opening ceremony of the medical institute ended. I managed to take several photographs.” (II, p. 335). [The book contains only a photograph of the choir of the Vinnitsa psychiatric hospital, taken, in all likelihood, on this day. - N.K.]

“We had to start classes, but in therapy and surgery, the main subjects of medicine, there were no heads of departments or assistants. Associate Professor Maslov, who taught infectious diseases at the medical institute before the war, refused to run a therapeutic clinic for free. Therapist Kutelyk would not have been averse to heading it, but everyone - and he himself - knew perfectly well that this position was beyond his strength. We settled on Dr. Demenkov, but he also did not want to work for free. He was flattered: there is no one else - he will be an assistant professor. He agreed. Doctors Kutelik and Bizho agreed to be assistants to his department. The Department of Surgery was imposed by the head. surgical department of Pirogovka to Dr. Gough. Dr. Maria Aleksandrovna Borshchevskaya went to him as an assistant. Doctor Emelyan Pavlovich Barabash began to read nervous diseases, and Doctor Anton Ivanovich Lukyanenko began reading psychiatry. Everyone agreed to work with students for free. It should be noted that medical practitioners moonlighting in private practice easily agreed to help students without demanding payment. Associate Professor Masalov did not have such extra income; he needed it, and therefore did not agree to work for free. The theorists lived poorly, and that’s how they were paid. And it must be said that almost all other teachers at the medical institute considered this fair” (II, pp. 336-337).

Let’s take a break from quoting the only known memories of the formation of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute in 1942. And let us pay attention to two, in my opinion, important points.

The first of them: the staff of the institute. If we compare the teaching staff described by V. Ya. Kulikov (this happened in February 1942) with that presented in the Report (end of 1942, definitely not earlier than the end of September), then many inconsistencies will emerge. Now we can only speculate about the reason for this. Or, in the process of teaching, the teachers themselves felt that they were out of place. And Dr. Demenkov, sacrificing the title of associate professor, gave up the department of therapy to associate professor Masalov, who, for agreeing to work for free, was awarded the title of professor. And Dr. Gough managed to “fuse” the head of the department imposed on him by prof. Trempovich. Why and where did Dr. E.P. Barabash disappear - and the department of nervous and mental diseases was left without a leader?
Or is all this the result of the “unusuality” of a randomly assembled team?
Or is there a lot of not only Manilov’s fantasy in the Report, but also outright lies - representing what is desired as reality?

The second point, which V. Ya. Kulikov bashfully keeps silent about in the book, I already noted in my review of it. On the one hand, there are his constant complaints (including to the Germans) about low salaries, rations, and rising prices (which would be understandable: he had to feed his wife and three children). If it weren’t for, on the other hand, boasting to the Germans about the presence of natural coffee, which at that time even the German officers did not have, not to mention the local population. And constant tea parties (of course, not with sugar at a glance) together with the German guests or with the Germans invited by Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov. Kulikov is silent about his private practice and his additional work. And I mention this because, according to V. Ya. Kulikov (see above), “practitioners working part-time in private practice easily agreed to help students without demanding payment.” Is it possible to assume that medical practitioners, accustomed to receiving signs of gratitude from patients (usually in kind), imagined that students would not leave their work without reward? It is possible that theorists who taught at a higher educational institution hastily put together from “scrap materials” quickly realized this.

“When the departments were “staffed”, the question arose about what to call the teachers of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute? Disputes arose concerning mainly new faces, among whom there was not a single medical candidate. Sci. Some - Gough, Kulikov - said: “We’ll do without titles.” Others - Demenkov, Barabash, Lukyanenko - suggested calling heads of departments associate professors, others - assistants, and whoever will work from the old professors of the medical institute should be called “in the old, experienced way.” We started classes without titles.

Classes began on February 15-16, 1942 [at the beginning of the Report, the beginning of classes in March 1942 is indicated twice - N.K.] according to the programs of the medical faculty, according to plans drawn up by the heads of departments and according to two-week schedules given by the secretary of the medical institute Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Balkovsky [in the Report - Associate Professor of the Department of Zoology and Botany Bolkovsky - N.K.]. About manuals (textbooks) etc. O. director prof. Zamyatin said: “Every manager. The department itself will select a manual for its specialty, compiled by a Russian or Ukrainian author, cross out from it “to f... m...” (said wildly) everything Soviet and recommend it to students. Collect surviving visual aids and use them.” (II, p. 337).

V. Ya. Kulikov is not mentioned in the Report. Why - I can't think of any explanation for this. This paradox can only be understood after reading the archive. Meanwhile (you probably already guessed this), the department he headed was the best. I do not rule out that this was really the case: four newly minted doctors wanted and two (there was no room for four in the ENT department) doctors from the class of 1942 became otolaryngologists (II, p. 344) - for such a small graduating class - a high percentage!

“The ENT department was ready for classes as it was in the pre-war years under Professor Vladimir Petrovich Yaroslavsky. True, Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov did not have any degree or title, but he, having taken over the abandoned ENT clinic on July 13, 1941, i.e., a week before the occupation of Vinnitsa, managed to preserve almost all the instruments and teaching equipment ( only a few frontal reflectors were missing) [Elsewhere it is said: “Part of the clinic’s property, which remained ownerless, was stolen” (p. 331) - N.K.] and all the clinic’s visual aids. Two microscopes disappeared, but he knew who had them - Sergei Dmitrievich Uryadov kept them [“... an omnipresent and well-informed person” - that’s all that V. Ya. Kulikov reports about him on page 229 - N . TO.]. There was a pre-war program in both pediatric and general medicine. [What about the program of the Friedrich-Wilhelm Medical Institute of Berlin? He probably crossed it out, confusing the instructions and... O. director of the institute prof. Zamyatin, “to e...m...” head. Department of ENT diseases? - N.K.] In the library of the medical institute there were more than a hundred copies of “S. M. Kompaneets’s guide to illness, throat and nose,” which satisfied all the requirements. True, the author of the “pidruchnik” Zelman Mordkovich Kompaneets was a Jew, but only Dr. Kulikov knew this in Vinnitsa.” (II, pp. 337-338). However, the author of the memoirs had a sense of humor!

“The graduation of doctors who graduated from the medical institute in 1942 took place on September 23 [according to the Report, September 21 - N.K.]. 33 people were awarded the title of doctor. The order was read out. O. director prof. Zamyatin. The ceremonial meeting was attended by the “head of the administration of M. Vinnitsi” prof. Sevastyanov, all teachers, graduates of the medical institute, “professors” invited and arrived from Kyiv. [It’s not clear to me who V. Ya. Kulikov means here: prof. Serkova, prof. S.K. Kapran (according to the Memorandum), others - then why are professors in quotation marks? - N.K.] From the Germans there was a garrison doctor, Dr. Sepp.” (II, p. 338).

It would seem that everything is about classes and graduation. But no: V. Ya. Kulikov again turns to the best department of the institute, his department, of course.
“For ENT, 36 hours (18 classes) were allocated for lectures and 40 hours (20 classes) for practical training. Knowing the character of the heads of departments of the newly functioning Vinnitsa Medical Institute, knowing both the “accuracy” and “zeal” for free work, the head. The ENT department knew that one or the other would miss their hours and prepared to use them according to the ENT department. The secretary of the institute, E. A. Balkovsky, happily gave the otolaryngologist the hours “missed” by others. Kulikov had the next lectures and practical classes prepared in advance, and he found out: ENT requires 100 hours - 25 two-hour lectures and practical classes. He began classes on February 18, 1942, and throughout the course he not only did not miss a single lesson, but also used the “free” hours of his colleagues. Despite the Easter holidays intervening in April 1942 (April 1-9), the last ENT lesson was held on May 8 (the entire course took 100 hours). (II, p. 339).

And what is listed in the history section of the Department of Otolaryngology on the already mentioned website of the medical university? Here's what: “The department was founded in 1936... The organizer and first cerebral officer of the department was Professor V.P. Yaroslavsky, who headed the department until 1962. "(http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/). The name of V. Ya. Kulikov is not mentioned either as the head of the department during the years of occupation, or as an assistant in the first post-war period, although during these periods he worked at the department.

I continue to abundantly quote the book by V. Ya. Kulikov, not only because it is the only printed description of the work of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute during the occupation, but also because the book instantly became a rarity: what kind of a circulation of 500 copies is this? By the way, I have she is also missing, but the pages of the “Eyewitness Testimony” were re-photographed and kindly sent to me from Vinnitsa.

In otorhinolaryngology from May 20 to 25,
- for eye diseases from May 26 to 30,
- for infectious diseases from June 1 to 4,
- in psychiatry from June 5 to 9,
- on the history of Ukraine from June 9 to 14.

Examinations of students of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute, who completed the fifth year subjects according to the program of the Faculty of Medicine, began on August 15 and continued until September 20” (II, p. 340).

Here is the description V. Ya. Kulikov gives to doctors who graduated in 1942:
“The best of them, the most capable and diligently studied, were barely comparable to the middle peasants of the pre- and post-war years of 1945, 1946 and 1947. True, a large number of graduates of 1942 in 1944, after the resumption of the institute’s work in March of that year, normally withstood the repeated state [which “state” - the first “state”? - N.K.] exams at the state commission of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute” (II, p. 340). V. Ya. Kulikov does not give the number of those who retook and retook the final exams: the “large number” remains with a large question mark.
What can I say? The quality of training could not be different, as well as the result of repeated testing of knowledge: the country was in dire need of doctors, since many doctors did not return from the war...

Next, V. Ya. Kulikov analyzes the reasons that hindered the successful training of doctors:
“... the first is insufficient training of teachers. In practice, they were no worse than good assistant professors - they were all knowledgeable and highly experienced medical specialists, but in terms of didactics they were noticeably inferior to good peacetime assistants.

The second reason is the weakness of some clinical sites. Only the ENT clinic and the hospital surgical clinic are well preserved. The situation was a little worse in the hospital therapeutic and obstetric-gynecological clinics. The infectious diseases clinic, which lost its base during the occupation, and the neurological clinic, in which not a single teacher from the pre-war period remained, were much poorer. The base of the eye disease clinic was almost completely destroyed.

The third reason that hindered the successful studies of students was their poor financial support. First, they had to pay for medical school. Their contributions were used to pay the salaries of Zamyatin, the director of the medical institute, Gan, the head of the academic department, and Balkovsky, the secretary. Secondly, students had to earn extra money and, in addition, spend time going to villages to buy food. To this we must add that many students participated in the resistance movement and were associated with the underground.” (II, pp. 340-341).

However, in this place of memoirs not a single name from among the “many students” is given; neither the essence of the resistance movement nor the methods of communication with the underground are revealed. Most likely, this was added for the sake of words, since Kulikov had nothing to do with either one or the other - and he does not attribute such merit to himself.
The only mention: “They fought more carefully [this section talks about resistance to the occupiers in Pirogovka - N.K.] ... students Godlevsky and Shchavinsky...” (II, p. 309). Again - without specific instructions, not even a hint of the essence of their activities in the resistance.

It is interesting that in the memorandum of the secretary of the Vinnitsa underground regional committee of the CP(b)U D.T. Burchenko to the secretaries of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U N.S. Khrushchev and D.S. Korotchenko on the situation in the occupied territory of the Vinnitsa region (dated August 31, 1943 d.) states: “The medical institute was closed back in 1942, as an underground organization was discovered in it.” (I, pp. 219-223). There is no more trust in this message than in others in the same Report, for example, the following: “The Germans, in order to discredit the Soviet regime, are trumpeting that they allegedly (! - N.K.) “revealed” the facts of the mass murder of the Ukrainian population in Vinnitsa by the NKVD in 1939-1939 and in 1941. ... This propaganda is not successful, since the population is convinced that all photographs are taken of victims of the mass extermination of the Jewish and other populations, organized by the Germans themselves.”

Is it possible to assume that Dmitry Timofeevich Burchenko (chairman of the Vinnitsa regional executive committee from a somewhat later time than immediately after the liberation of the region - Godov was the chairman of the regional council for a short time - until 1948) knew nothing? True, I could not find information about the place (places) of his work in the pre-war period, but I think that this work was not ordinary. Otherwise, he would not have been immediately appointed commissar of the Sumy-Vinnitsa partisan unit. That N.S. Khrushchev did not know about the repressions of the late thirties - only a baby could think. Why does one party leader tell lies to another? Simply because it is so customary - and another will not call her by her name, but will pretend to believe? This is me talking about how to trust the archives of party documents, how it is necessary, when getting acquainted with them, to be careful in drawing conclusions.

“Did “professors” invited from Kyiv take part in the training of this group of doctors? No, they didn't accept it. They came to Vinnitsa for a “head-by-side analysis” just before the exams. They refrained from participating in the exams, declaring: “Whoever prepared them, let him examine them.” Therefore, Dr. N.P. examined therapy. Demenkov in the presence of Dr. V.M. Kutelik and a representative of a related discipline - infectious disease specialist Associate Professor V.V. Maslova.

Doctor E.S. examined in surgery. Gough in the presence of surgeon M.A. Borshchevskaya and representative of the ENT clinic Dr. V.Ya. Kulikova. By the way, Dr. Gough then remarked: “Zamiatin and Gan call this comedy an exam, but I call it a test.”

In general, inviting teachers from outside was premature. They were late for the preparation of the V course. The opening of the first and fourth courses was problematic. Permission to open medical institutes was received both in Kyiv (June 24, 1942) - from the Ukrainian authorities and in Zhitomir (July 5, 1942) - from the occupiers, but the required money (1,800 thousand) was not a penny. And it was necessary to pay not only the director, the manager. the academic department, the secretary, and also the invited “professors” and some of those who refused to teach for free (Masalov, Demenkov). In addition, a whole series of incidents arose at the Vinnytsia Medical Institute.” (II, p. 341).

Firstly, a fight arose over the assignment of the titles of “professors” and “associate professors” - a kind of vanity fair, so to speak. Secondly, the reasons for the squabbles were the confrontation between local, Vinnytsia teachers and “Varyags” - invited Kiev residents: they could not divide positions and hospital beds. “We can say,” writes V. Ya. Kulikov, “that the Vinnitsa Medical Institute, having graduated young doctors, itself died quietly and peacefully.” (II, p. 342).

V.Ya. Kulikov didn’t know anything about the Report, in which the institute’s management reported:
“From August 1 to 10, entrance exams for the 1st year were held, and from September 1, work began on the 1st and 4th years of the institute.
Students today in the 1st year ...................... 198
on 4 -""- …........................ 88”?

Or is it such an outright lie on the part of the institute’s management?!
Could it be that V. Ya. Kulikov did not know (or at least heard) about the entrance exams, which were attended by more than two hundred people? I couldn’t help but see 88 (!) 4th year students in Pirogovka! After all, he worked in the same corps in which the administration of the institute was located (I conclude this based on the fact that all institute celebrations were celebrated there) and Pirogovka! Even if the administration of the institute was partially or completely located in the building on the former Lenin Street, 69 (the well-known building with pharmacy No. 1, which initially belonged to the Pharmaceutical Institute, and then passed to the newly organized medical institute), then both apartments of V. Ya. Kulikov (former - Lenina, No. 51 and the one he moved to - Pushkina, No. 3) were located next to this building. At a distance, each, no more than a hundred meters.

The following lines from the book by V. Ya. Kulikov are also not clear:
“The fuss and squabbles continued until November-December 1943. The institute was considered to exist (a new administration of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute was even elected: director Gan, head of the academic department Trempovich, dean Khristich), but in fact it did not exist.” (II, p. 343).

In the “Report on the activities of cultural and educational institutions of the Vinnitsa district (August 1943)”, in particular, it states: “295 students studied at the Medical Institute, which was opened as part of two courses I and IV. Due to labor mobilization in February 1943, classes at the institute were temporarily interrupted. Now academic work is being resumed in all five years of the institute from August 1, 1943.” (I, p. 788). Another attempt at wishful thinking?

“From the order of the Reich Commissioner of Ukraine E. Koch
on the closure of schools and institutes and the sending of teachers
and students to work in Germany

Despite my clear political instructions and, above all, despite my order of August 31, 1942, I had to find out that in the general districts, in addition to 4-grade public schools, there were still a certain number of other schools for which I did not give permission. Regarding this, I had to establish that, for example, in Kyiv and Vinnitsa, the institutes acquired a character similar to that of a university, and that, in addition to this, a number of institutes of a different kind are functioning.

At a time when even in Germany the growth of education is almost stagnant and even such vitally important professions as doctors cannot have the necessary increase, it is absolutely irrelevant whether or not there will be an increase in education in Ukraine, which the German authorities can plan only in 10 years.

And therefore, I demand that the General Commissioners close all schools and institutes where students over 15 years of age are taught, and send all students and teachers from these institutions, regardless of gender, to work in Germany in a closed way.

I also demand that at the same time we make sure that, in addition to 4-grade public schools, there is not a single school that is not authorized by me.

Research institutions headed by Germans can continue to exist without Ukrainian students, but they must have my permission to do so.

I am forced to point out to the General Commissioners and their respective heads of departments that I hold them personally responsible for the strict observance of my instructions in this regard. I specifically draw your attention to the fact that this responsibility extends to every institute and every institution of your general district, even if this institution is subordinate to a higher authority in relation to the Commissariat General.

(The editors of the Collection note in a footnote: “Koch’s order completely destroyed the education system in Ukraine that had developed in the pre-war period. It is known that this was not Koch’s personal initiative, but a decision agreed upon by him with Hitler.”)
[I, document No. 228 – in Ukrainian: pp. 555-556, Russian: 781-782. GAVO. F. P-138. Op. 4. D. 54. L. 57. Copy.]

And here is how this order of E. Koch was carried out, as described by V. Ya. Kulikov:
“February 24, 1943, 614th day of the war. The Gestapo and Vinnitsa police cordoned off the morphological building [then unfinished building of the current medical university - N.K.], in which medical school students studied.” [The Pirogov Hospital was then located in this building, the buildings of which were used by the Germans for their own purposes.]
“On the same day and at the same hours, a similar raid was carried out in the former premises. Pharmaceutical Institute (Lenina, 69), where fourth-year medical students studied.”

It turns out, according to the same V. Ya. Kulikov, that after the graduation of doctors in September 1942, the institute did not immediately “quietly and peacefully die.”

Another evidence:
“... In the fall of 1942, the Germans liquidated almost all Ukrainian secondary and higher schools. They still put up with medical and veterinary schools in Kyiv until 1942, in Vinnitsa - by the beginning of 1943. The Germans carried out the liquidation of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute, medical and pharmaceutical technical schools in a vile way. In the morning, German gendarmes, with the help of the police, which consisted of various rabble, surrounded the premises of medical schools. They gathered doctors and pharmacists at the school and began to herd them into cars without explaining the reasons. But they realized that they were being driven to “voluntary” labor in Germany, like cattle to the slaughter. Some broke free and ran away..."
(I, pp. 995-406. Evgen Aletiyano-Popivsky. With an idea in my heart, I will take it in my hands. London, 1980. Translation from Ukrainian.)

In total, 13,400 people were taken from Vinnitsa to work in Germany (I, p. 226).

V. Ya. Kulikov also traces, as far as possible, the fate of the graduate doctors of 1942. “Those who lived in villages before the war returned home and began practicing medicine in their native villages. City doctors settled in Vinnitsa. They went to improve their chosen specialty at the Pirogovka departments.” (II, p. 341).

However, the testimony of Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov raises a number of questions.
For example, V. Ya. Kulikov bypasses the obvious question: who were these 30-40 people who wanted to continue their studies in the fifth year? The fact is that before the war, training at a medical institute lasted not six years, as it began in the 50s, but five years. With the beginning of the war, everyone, including - with a number of exceptions - women who completed four years of medical school, was urgently trained and sent as certified doctors to the front or to rear hospitals. There were a desperate shortage of doctors. In one of the photographs of the 1942 graduation group there are seven women and five men graduates (with professors A. A. Sevastyanov, G. S. Gan and head physician N. M. Mazanik) - photo by V. Ya. Kulikov (p. 339). How did these and other slightly undereducated doctors end up in occupied Vinnitsa? - V. Ya. Kulikov does not explain this. And the service to the people, which V. Ya. Kulikov writes about, arguing the expediency of resuming the work of the institute during the occupation (see above), was not only in the occupied territory, but also on the battlefield and in hospitals.

I had to study a little with one of the graduates of 1942 - Associate Professor of the Department of Surgery at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute Godlevsky - in the second half of the 50s at the Department of Faculty Surgery (headed by Prof. I.M. Grabchenko). I am writing with almost complete confidence, because the surname is not very common, and V. Ya. Kulikov points out that after graduation Godlevsky began to specialize in surgery at the Pirogov Hospital, and I recognized him in the photo discussed above: in the center, the tallest guy (II, p.339). As reported on the website of VNMU named after. N.I. Pirogova: “From 1970 to 1974, associate professor Ivan Feliksovich Godlevsky envied the department. This scientific research has been aimed at improving the treatment of patients with precancerous diseases of the leg, varicose veins of the 12th type of intestine and proctological pathology. 3 candidate’s dissertations were stolen by this kerivnitstvo.” (http://surgery.at.ua/index/pro_sajt/0-5).
Ivan Feliksovich was an accessible, friendly teacher, always, as it seemed to me, in high spirits and... with a cigarette clutched between his fingers (at that time doctors were not forbidden to smoke in the clinic). The students considered him “one of their own.”

Another graduate of 1942 became a teacher at Alma Mater:
“Subsequently, Matsievskaya, having defended her Ph.D. thesis, worked as an assistant at the ENT clinic until her retirement.” (II, p.344). Indeed: “From 1972 to 2002, Professor K.P. Derepa, author of 188 scientific papers on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of patients for scleroma, surgical treatment of patients for otosclerosis, laryngeal cancer. Before the Vikladatskogo warehouse included: ace. kmn O.O. Matsievska, author of 15 scientific papers on opikas and stenoses of the splanchnic system, scleroma, third-party bodies of the splanchnic system...” (http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/). She probably became an assistant after I completed my training - I don’t remember her.

Once again - about the fate of the teachers of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute in 1942-1943 after the liberation of the city and the restoration of Soviet power. Here is how V. Ya. Kulikov writes about it:

“Teachers Gough and Kulikov remained in their regular positions in Pirogovka. [However, not for long: Goff “gone”, as reported by V. Ya. Kulikov himself (see above), and the latter himself went to the quickly built Lechsanupra hospital - N. K.]

Makhulko-Gorbatsevich was “taken” by the NKGB HEU and did not return from there.
[Here I cannot resist citing a fact that struck me.
But first, a few introductory remarks.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 2, 1942, an Extraordinary State Commission was formed to establish and investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders and their accomplices and the damage they caused to citizens, collective farms, public organizations, state enterprises and institutions of the USSR (ChGK). The report of this commission for the Vinnytsia region was published on May 13, 1946 (I, 228-241).

I bring to your attention one paragraph from this message:
“Professor Makhulko-Gorbatsevich G.S. spoke “about the organization” by the Germans in Vinnitsa of a camp and hospital for Soviet prisoners of war: “With the arrival of the German occupation authorities in August 1941, a camp for Soviet prisoners was organized in the building of the 2nd military camp prisoners of war. The food in the camp was extremely poor, there was great overcrowding, the unsanitary condition of the premises, and high morbidity rates entailed high mortality. Camp inspector Gain established a brutal regime for Soviet prisoners of war, as a result of which at least 12 thousand people died in the camp. Soviet prisoners of war for six months. Mortality among prisoners of war reached up to 100 people per day. There was a hospital for Soviet prisoners of war at the camp; up to 400 sick and wounded prisoners of war were constantly in the hospital. Patients in the hospital were fed twice a day with cabbage leaves or wormy peas, occasionally given 200 grams of bread from seedings with sawdust. Most of those in the hospital suffered from hunger dyspepsia, accompanied by bloody diarrhea. The mortality rate was extremely high. The Germans did not allow any medical care to be provided to Soviet prisoners of war lying in the hospital. As a result, during the entire period of existence of the so-called hospital, the Germans killed over 1000 sick and wounded Soviet prisoners of war.”” (I, p. 238)

You read a little higher about what positions Professor G. S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich held and how V. Ya. Kulikov characterized him. Now read what the chief physician of the Pirogov Hospital N. M. Mazanik wrote about the hospital for Soviet prisoners of war:

“... 26.VII.41 the order was received to clear the last building. [It seems to me that the Germans did not use the military hospital in Zamosc to house their wounded and sick due to security reasons: the Pirogov hospital was located in a part of the city that was well guarded by them. - N.K.] About 400 patients were thrown out (the expression of N.M. Mazanik) to a military camp. Of course, it is impossible to imagine that all these patients were located in the premises of the former eye and ear clinics, that is, by the 26th, the liberation of the buildings for the deployment of a German hospital in them had not yet been completed.

Two days later, another order was received: patients from the civilian population should be transferred to the building of the nervous clinic of the 4th hospital (as the Psycho-Neurological Hospital was then called) - E. S. Gough became the head of this department. Patients from among the Red Army military personnel (in fact, prisoners of war) were placed on the territory of a military hospital - Vladimir Methodievich Kutelik became the head of this department. The distance between the departments, notes N. M. Mazanik, was 5 kilometers.

At the end of August the number of prisoners of war increased to 800 people. By the end of February 1942, the Germans took over the department for prisoners of war, appointing V. M. Kutelik as the head physician of this separate hospital (hospital). This hospital itself was transferred to the premises of the 4th hospital.” ().
It is clearly seen that the above story allegedly by Professor G.S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich was, as they say, sewn with white thread. V. M. Kutelyk might not have been in Vinnitsa at that time: “Doctors Lukyanenko, Kutelyk, as well as Professor Sevastyanov, fled to the West (Kutelyk subsequently returned and quietly lived his last years in Vinnitsa) - (II, p. 343). »
So the largely invented story was put into the mouth of Professor G.S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich, who, firstly, had nothing to do with the work of the hospital for Soviet prisoners of war, and, secondly, it is unlikely that he told anything at all in in this regard, for the few hours that he spent in the NKVD building before the execution.

Those who read the Message of the Extraordinary State Commission and knew nothing about the personality and fate of Professor G.S. Makhulko-Gorbatsevich took everything at face value. How many lies the communist rule left us with! - N.K.]

Doctor Demenkov was arrested by the NKGB VOU and sentenced to 5 years in prison (he was later rehabilitated and released).

Professors Gan and Zamyatin were transferred to other medical institutes. [It is absolutely not clear to me why V. Ya. Kulikov wrote this lie: after all, both professors worked “under his nose” in Vinnitsa. - N.K.] Doctor Trempovich remained at work in Pirogovka and served there until the new rector of the Vinnitsa Medical Institute, Professor I. Ya. Deineka, arrived in Vinnitsa [What is the connection between these events? - N.K.] Then Trempovich worked in Mogilev-Podolsky. Dr. Pavlov [not a word about him before, either in the Report or in V. Ya Kulikov - N.K.], the radiologist, after the liberation of Vinnitsa from the occupation, immediately left for Kiev [the reason for the “flight” to Kiev was given to me - Pavlova is not clear - N.K.] (II, p. 343).

So, the dates are February 14 (opening of the institute and the beginning of training in the 5th year of thirty people - II, p. 335) and September 23 (graduation and assignment of the medical title to thirty-three students - II, p. 343.) 1942 years mark the “forgotten” academic year at the Vinnitsa Medical Institute. I won’t say why more students completed their studies than started them (there’s probably a typo somewhere in the numbers). And it’s somehow impossible to call the institute’s work for a few more months (after the doctors graduate) an academic year.

Let's return to the book by V. Ya. Kulikov, to the chapter about the medical institute. There are gaps in it, perhaps even inaccuracies. But the main thing is that for the first time in the literature information appeared about the only medical institute operating in the territory occupied by the Nazis, which awarded the title of doctor to thirty-three of its graduates! And here the merit of the highly educated V. Ya. Kulikov, who reported, albeit not all, the details of this unique in its kind - essentially adventurous, but, according to the author, successful - event, cannot be overestimated! All my criticism and irony about certain places in the memories, although it seems appropriate to me, is nothing compared to the significance of eyewitness accounts of the occupation of the city by the Wehrmacht.

And yet: what will the documents that are “sealed” in the Vinnitsa State Regional Archive reveal to us?

Note.
Photos marked “Photo of the author” and a photo of the author himself are from the book by V. Ya. Kulikov. Their low quality is due to the possibilities of photography, selection of photographic materials and photo printing at that time, with the peculiarities of long-term storage, with the low printing performance of them in the book, and also with the fact that I received them re-photographed (from the pages of the book), and not scanned.
Three other photographs are from the website of Vinnytsia National Medical University. N. I. Pirogova (http://www.vnmu.edu.ua/)

Top left photo: Final exam in therapy. Examining (from left to right) assistant therapist V. M. Kutelik, head. Department of Therapy Associate Professor V.V. Masalov and assistant therapist N.P. Demenkov, Secretary of the Medical Institute E.A. Balkovsky.
In the middle (above): assistant of the department of hygiene V. I. Bukhovets.
Top right: morphological building of the medical institute in March 1944.
In the bottom photo on the left: manager. Department of Dermatology L. O. (D.) Khristin,
further - head. Department of Hygiene, Professor G. S. Gan, Dr. V. Ya. Kulikov (1892-1977).
Bottom right: a group of graduates with (from right to left) the chief physician of the Pirogov Hospital, assistant surgeon N. M. Mazanik, the burgomaster of Vinnitsa and the head. Department of Zoology and Botany prof. A. A. Sevastyanov, head of the medical and sanitary department of the city government, head. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology prof. G. S. Gan.

On June 10, 2015, it was published on the website of the Interregional Union of Writers and the Congress of Writers of Ukraine (http://mspu.org.ua/2015/06/10/) in the section “People and Fates. The ways of the Lord are inscrutable..." - article by Yuri Kukurekin "THE AMAZING FATE OF THE MAN GAN GEORGE STANISLAVOVICH."

First, Yu. Kukurekin abundantly quotes my work on the “forgotten school year” and the excerpts from the memoirs of V. Ya. Kulikov cited there (more than 90% of the volume of Yu. Kukurekin’s entire publication). And then, according to K.V. Doroshenko, a student of prof. G. S. Gan, his first graduate student, and then an assistant at the Department of General Hygiene at the Lugansk State Medical Institute, corrects, as it were, inaccuracies in the assessment of G. S. Gan’s work during the war.

I have already noted that V. Ya. Kulikov in his memoirs more than once emphasizes his higher training on a number of issues in the organization and practice of medical care - and I have no reason not to believe this. As well as doubting his greater competence, compared to G.S. Gan, in purely therapeutic activities.
Therefore, the facts cited by Yu. Kukurekin, according to K.V. Doroshenko, have little in common with the tasks facing prof. G. S. Gan during the occupation of Vinnitsa. These are the facts:
“In 1953, the largest division of the regional sanitary and epidemiological station was the sanitary-bacteriological laboratory, which employed about 40% of the medical personnel and was headed by Professor Georgy Stanislavovich Gan. On the basis of the regional laboratory, he trained over 110 laboratory assistants for regional laboratories. He carried out significant work on studying occupational hazards at industrial enterprises of the city and took an active part in eliminating many of them. He organized and took an active part in the work of the regional scientific society of hygienists, epidemiologists, and bacteriologists, being the deputy chairman of this society. From September 28, 1950 to June 30, 1954, G. S. Gan organized and conducted 26 scientific conferences of the Society of Hygienists, Epidemiologists and Infectious Diseases, and made 12 reports together with co-authors.”

From the publication of Yuri Kukurekin, I was more interested in something else - the stages of prof. G.S. Gan after he finally left Vinnitsa. These are the lines:
“The Department of General Hygiene and Ecology of the Lugansk State Medical Institute was organized in 1958 on the basis of the Lugansk Regional Hospital (now the Lugansk Medical School is located there). Its founder and first head was Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor G. S. Gan, who previously... was in Vinnitsa..., then worked as the head of the laboratory of the Kyiv Research Institute of Municipal Hygiene, then at the Lugansk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Station.”
And the date of death of G.S. Gan: he died in April 1964.

But the main thing is the reasons for the restless, lonely life of the rushing professor G.S. Gan, its pre-war stages, relations with the NKVD in the post-war period and incomprehensible movements in the service - all this remains largely vague and hypothetical for me.
But not only this and not only concerning G.S. Gan...

Thanks to the efforts of the so-called competent authorities, to whom the Decree of the President of Ukraine is not a decree (and not only them), most of the questions about the time of the occupation of the city remain unanswered.

And then in January 2017 this footnote caught my eye: “M. K. Zamyatin was a witness in the case of Gan Georgy Stanislavovich, born in 1902, Russian, from the nobility, professor, doctor of medical sciences. From July 1941 to March 1944, he worked as the head of the health department of the Vinnitsa City Government, and concurrently served as chairman of the Vinnitsa City Government. On September 16, 1944, the case was dismissed for lack of evidence of a crime.” (my translation from Ukrainian from this collection - http://www.reabit.org.ua/files/store/Vinn.1.pdf, p. 400). Another touch from the difficult life of Prof. G. S. Gan, about which, like many other important things, not a word is said in the book of V. Ya. Kulikov.

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