) sugar producers, large landowners, philanthropists. Tereshchenko family (XVIII–XX centuries) sugar refiners, large landowners, philanthropists Excerpt characterizing Tereshchenko, Mikhail Ivanovich
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TwitterLarge Russian entrepreneur, owner of sugar refineries, landowner. Minister of Finance, later - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of Russia.
Origin and education.
Born into a family of large sugar producers and landowners in the Kyiv province, who were descended from Cossacks. Already in early childhood he was fluent in French, English, German, and understood ancient Greek and Latin (later he was fluent in a total of 13 languages). He graduated from the Kyiv gymnasium and studied at the Kiev University in 1905-1908. studied economics at the University of Leipzig with the famous economist Professor K. Bücher.
In 1909, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University as an external student. In 1909-1911. worked at the department of Roman and civil law at Moscow University, left it along with other liberal teachers in protest against the dismissal of the rector, assistant rector and vice-rector of the university by order of the Minister of Public Education L. A. Kasso.
Official and publisher.
In 1911-1912 was an official on special assignments (without salary) under the Directorate of Imperial Theaters. He was promoted to chamber cadet. Together with his sisters, he owned the Sirin publishing house, which published books by Silver Age writers, including Andrei Bely’s novel Petersburg. At the same time, he actively continued the family business, was a member of the board of the All-Russian Society of Sugar Refiners, a member of the board of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank and the accounting committee of the Kyiv branch of the Azov-Don Bank.
World War I.
After the outbreak of the First World War, he was a representative of the advance detachment of the Red Cross on the Southwestern Front, then an assistant in charge of sanitary organizations on this front. He was a member of the Main Committee of the Union of Cities, and served as an authorized representative of the Main Committee of the Zemstvo Union. From July 1915 he was chairman of the Kyiv Military-Industrial Committee, in 1915-1917. He was also a friend of the Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee A.I. Guchkova. He was a member of the Special Conference on Defense.
February revolution.
Shortly before the February Revolution, he participated in planning a coup d'etat (together with A.I. Guchkov and N.V. Nekrasov; General A.M. Krymov, an acquaintance of Tereshchenko, was also involved in the conspiracy).
After the February Revolution, he became Minister of Finance in the Provisional Government. In the second to fourth government, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, he supported Russia's fulfillment of its allied obligations.
July 2, 1917, together with the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs I.G. Tsereteli visited Kyiv for negotiations with the Central Rada, which ended in clear success for the latter. These events caused a government crisis in Petrograd: on July 2 (15), all the cadet ministers resigned in protest against the actions of the Kyiv delegation.
On September 1, 1917 he became a member of the Directory, but on September 12 he resigned. He opposed the creation of the Pre-Parliament, but was then again appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. In October, along with other ministers of the Provisional Government, Tereshchenko was arrested by the Bolsheviks in the Winter Palace and was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Emigration.
In the spring of 1918 he was released, emigrated to Finland, from there to Norway, then lived in France and England. Supported the White movement. Since 1921 he was a member of the Trade, Industrial and Financial Committee. Having lost his fortune in Russia, he successfully did business abroad and was a co-owner of several financial companies and banks in France and Madagascar.
March 18 (March 30), 1886, Kyiv - April 1, 1956, Monaco - major Russian entrepreneur, owner of sugar refineries, large landowner. In 1917 - Minister of Finance, later - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of Russia.
Family and education
Born into a family of large sugar refiners and landowners in the Kyiv province, who came from Cossack origins (Mikhail Tereshchenko’s personal fortune was estimated at approximately 70 million rubles). Father - Ivan Nikolaevich (1854--1903), mother - Elizaveta Mikhailovna (d. 1921). He was married to a Frenchwoman, Margaret, née Noe; this marriage produced two daughters and a son, Pyotr Mikhailovich (1919-2004), who lived in France and worked as an engineer in the USA and Brazil. In 1923 the couple divorced, in 1926 Mikhail Tereshchenko married a Norwegian woman, Horst.
Already in early childhood he was fluent in French, English, German, and understood ancient Greek and Latin (later he was fluent in a total of 13 languages). He graduated from the Kyiv gymnasium, studied at Kiev University, and in 1905-1908 studied economics at the University of Leipzig. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1909, as an external student).
Lawyer, publisher, sugar refiner
In 1909-1911 he worked at the department of Roman and civil law at Moscow University, left it along with other liberal teachers in protest against the dismissal of the rector, assistant rector and vice-rector of the university by order of the Minister of Public Education L. A. Casso. In 1911-1912 he was an official on special assignments (without pay) under the Directorate of Imperial Theaters. He was promoted to chamber cadet. Together with his sisters, he owned the Sirin publishing house, which published books by Silver Age writers, including Andrei Bely’s novel Petersburg. He maintained friendly relations with Alexander Blok. He led a secular lifestyle and was considered a balletomane. Mason, member of Halpern Lodge. At the same time, he was actively involved in the family business, was a member of the board of the All-Russian Society of Sugar Refiners, a member of the board of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank and the accounting committee of the Kyiv branch of the Azov-Don Bank.
Activities during the First World War
After the outbreak of the First World War, he was a representative of the advance detachment of the Red Cross on the Southwestern Front, then an assistant in charge of sanitary organizations on this front. He was a member of the Main Committee of the Union of Cities, and served as an authorized representative of the Main Committee of the Zemstvo Union. From July 1915 he was chairman of the Kyiv Military-Industrial Committee; in 1915-1917 he was also a comrade of the chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee A.I. Guchkov. He was a member of the Special Conference on Defense. Shortly before the February Revolution, he participated in planning a coup d'etat (together with A.I. Guchkov and N.V. Nekrasov; General A.M. Krymov, an acquaintance of Tereshchenko, was also involved in the conspiracy).
Minister of the Provisional Government
In the first composition of the Provisional Government he was Minister of Finance. Together with A.F. Kerensky and N.V. Nekrasov, he insisted on creating a coalition government with representatives of the socialist parties. In the second to fourth government, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, he supported Russia’s fulfillment of its allied obligations, which meant the continuation of its participation in the First World War, although formally he accepted the slogan of “peace without annexations and indemnities,” abandoning the unpopular thesis of his predecessor P. N. Milyukov about “ conquest of Constantinople and the straits." In October 1917 he came into conflict with Minister of War A.I. Verkhovsky, who believed that the army could no longer fight.
On July 2, 1917, together with the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs I. G. Tsereteli, he visited Kyiv to negotiate the division of powers of the Central Rada and the Executive Committee of the Kiev City Duma, which played the role of the representative of the Provisional Government in Kiev. The delegation recognized the legislative powers of the Central Rada. At the same time, the delegation, without agreement with the Provisional Government, outlined the geographical boundaries of the Rada’s jurisdiction, including several southwestern provinces of Russia. These events caused a government crisis in Petrograd: on July 2 (15), all the cadet ministers resigned in protest against the actions of the Kyiv delegation.
The manager of the affairs of the Provisional Government, V.D. Nabokov, singled out such qualities of Tereshchenko as “his souplesse (flexibility), his very secularism, his lack of firm convictions, a thoughtful plan, complete amateurism in matters of foreign policy” (however, these qualities allowed him to establish relations with various political forces). According to diplomat G. N. Mikhailovsky, Tereshchenko “sought, without, however, leaving the general framework of pre-revolutionary politics, to position himself in a new way as a representative of a revolutionary and democratic government, which cannot speak the same language as the tsarist government.” Mikhailovsky also noted that how much better, compared to Miliukov, Tereshchenko was able to get along with both his allies and the Council of Deputies, how completely impersonal he was within his department, the further he went, the more he became an obedient tool in the hands of his senior staff. If Miliukov on Balkan issues, for example on Constantinople, took his own position and forced the department to accept it, then Tereshchenko, on the contrary, listened very carefully to what they told him and always agreed... All department directors and department heads were infinitely pleased with him, since he did not prevent them from managing the department. Together with other ministers of the Provisional Government, Tereshchenko was arrested by the Bolsheviks in the Winter Palace and was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Emigrant
In the spring of 1918 he was released, emigrated to Finland, from there to Norway, then lived in France and England. Supported the White movement. Since 1921 he was a member of the Trade, Industrial and Financial Committee. Having lost his fortune in Russia, he successfully did business abroad and was a co-owner of several financial companies and banks in France and Madagascar. He was a philanthropist, created shelters for Ukrainian emigrants and helped in their settlement, but did not advertise this side of his activities.
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Prepared based on open source materials
, Russian church
Kyiv, Russian Empire
Monte Carlo, Monaco
Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko(March 18 (March 30), Kyiv - April 1, Monaco) - a major Russian and French entrepreneur, owner of sugar refineries, large landowner, banker. B - Minister of Finance, later - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of Russia. A prominent figure in the Russian emigration, art collector, publisher.
Family and education
Born into a family of large sugar refiners and landowners in the Kyiv province, who came from Cossack origins (Mikhail Tereshchenko’s personal fortune was estimated at approximately 70 million rubles). Father - Ivan Nikolaevich (1854--1903), mother - Elizaveta Mikhailovna (d. 1921). He was married to a Frenchwoman, Margaret, née Noe (Marie Margaret Noe, 1886-1968), in this marriage two daughters and a son were born, Pyotr Mikhailovich (1919-2004), who lived in France and worked as an engineer in the USA and Brazil. The couple divorced, and Mikhail Tereshchenko married Norwegian Ebba Horst.
Already in early childhood he was fluent in French, English, German, and understood ancient Greek and Latin (later he was fluent in a total of 13 languages). Graduated from the 1st Kyiv Gymnasium. He studied at Kiev University and studied economics at the University of Leipzig. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1909, as an external student).
Lawyer, publisher, sugar refiner
Art collector
From his father and other representatives of the dynasty, Tereshchenko inherited a rich collection of works of art, primarily paintings and sculptures by Russian masters. The collection included “A Stream in the Forest”, “Among the Flat Valley”, “Oak Grove” and “First Snow” by I. I. Shishkin; “Student” N. A. Yaroshenko; “Portrait of V. Garshin” by I. E. Repin; “Three Princesses of the Underground Kingdom” by V. M. Vasnetsov; "Twilight" Ap. M. Vasnetsova; “Girl against the background of a Persian carpet” by M. A. Vrubel; “Players” by P. A. Fedotov, as well as paintings by V. V. Vereshchagin and sculptures by M. M. Antokolsky. He replenished it with works by Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse, Van Dongen, Derain, Frieze, Vallotton, Vlaminck, many of which he personally selected while visiting Paris, and paintings by the best Russian artists of his time - Roerich, Petrov-Vodkin, Sudeikin, Grigoriev, Mashkov, Lentulov . After nationalization in 1918, the collection of Tereshchenko's paintings and sculptures, housed in the Tereshchenko Palace built by the architect Vikenty Beretti, was turned into the state-owned Kiev National Museum of Russian Art, officially opened on the fifth anniversary of the October Revolution in 1922 in the same building on Tereshchenkovskaya Street.
Activities during the First World War
Minister of the Provisional Government
In the first composition of the Provisional Government he was Minister of Finance. Together with A.F. Kerensky and N.V. Nekrasov, he insisted on creating a coalition government with representatives of the socialist parties. In the second to fourth government, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, he supported Russia’s fulfillment of its allied obligations, which meant the continuation of its participation in the First World War, although formally he accepted the slogan of “peace without annexations and indemnities,” abandoning the unpopular thesis of his predecessor P. N. Milyukov about “ conquest of Constantinople and the straits." In October 1917 he came into conflict with Minister of War A.I. Verkhovsky, who believed that the army could no longer fight.
The manager of the affairs of the Provisional Government, V.D. Nabokov, highlighted such qualities of Tereshchenko as “his souplesse(flexibility), his very secularism, his lack of firm convictions, a thoughtful plan, complete amateurism in matters of foreign policy” (however, these qualities allowed him to establish relations with various political forces). According to diplomat G. N. Mikhailovsky, Tereshchenko “sought, without, however, leaving the general framework of pre-revolutionary politics, to position himself in a new way as a representative of a revolutionary and democratic government, which cannot speak the same language as the tsarist government.” Mikhailovsky also noted that
how much better, compared to Miliukov, Tereshchenko managed to get along with both the allies and the Council of Deputies, how completely impersonal he was within his department, the further, the more he became an obedient tool in the hands of its senior staff. If Miliukov on Balkan issues, for example on Constantinople, took his own position and forced the department to accept it, then Tereshchenko, on the contrary, listened very carefully to what they told him and always agreed... All department directors and department heads were infinitely pleased with him, since he did not interfere with their management of the department.
Together with other ministers of the Provisional Government, Tereshchenko was arrested by the Bolsheviks in the Winter Palace and was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Emigrant
In the spring of 1918 he was released, emigrated to Finland, from there to Norway, then lived in France and England. He supported the White movement and foreign intervention against Soviet Russia. S was a member of the Commerce, Industry and Finance Committee. Having lost his fortune in Russia, he successfully did business abroad and was a co-owner of several financial companies and banks in France and Madagascar. He was a philanthropist, created shelters for disadvantaged emigrants and helped in their settlement, but did not advertise this side of his activities.
Bibliography
- Serkov A. I. Russian Freemasonry. 1731-2000. Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 2001. pp. 793-794.
- Mikhailovsky G. N. Notes. Book 1. M., 1993.
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Notes
External sources
- Saltan A. . Oligarch. Everything about Ukrainian nouveau riche(November 29, 2015). Retrieved February 12, 2016.
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Russia (1918-1920)Excerpt characterizing Tereshchenko, Mikhail Ivanovich
- Ma bonne amie, je crains que le fruschtique (comme dit Foka - the cook) de ce matin ne m "aie pas fait du mal. [My friend, I'm afraid that the current frishtik (as the cook Foka calls it) will make me feel bad. ]– What’s wrong with you, my soul? You're pale. “Oh, you are very pale,” said Princess Marya in fear, running up to her daughter-in-law with her heavy, soft steps.
- Your Excellency, should I send for Marya Bogdanovna? - said one of the maids who was here. (Marya Bogdanovna was a midwife from a district town who had been living in Bald Mountains for another week.)
“And indeed,” Princess Marya picked up, “perhaps for sure.” I will go. Courage, mon ange! [Don't be afraid, my angel.] She kissed Lisa and wanted to leave the room.
- Oh, no, no! - And besides the pallor, the little princess’s face expressed a childish fear of inevitable physical suffering.
- Non, c"est l"estomac... dites que c"est l"estomac, dites, Marie, dites..., [No, this is the stomach... tell me, Masha, that this is the stomach...] - and the princess began to cry childishly, painfully, capriciously and even somewhat feignedly, wringing his little hands. The princess ran out of the room after Marya Bogdanovna.
- Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu! [My God! Oh my God!] Oh! – she heard behind her.
Rubbing her plump, small, white hands, the midwife was already walking towards her, with a significantly calm face.
- Marya Bogdanovna! It seems it has begun,” said Princess Marya, looking at her grandmother with frightened, open eyes.
“Well, thank God, princess,” said Marya Bogdanovna without increasing her pace. “You girls shouldn’t know about this.”
- But how come the doctor hasn’t arrived from Moscow yet? - said the princess. (At the request of Lisa and Prince Andrey, an obstetrician was sent to Moscow on time, and he was expected every minute.)
“It’s okay, princess, don’t worry,” said Marya Bogdanovna, “and without the doctor everything will be fine.”
Five minutes later, the princess heard from her room that they were carrying something heavy. She looked out - the waiters were carrying a leather sofa that was in Prince Andrei's office into the bedroom for some reason. There was something solemn and quiet on the faces of the people carrying them.
Princess Marya sat alone in her room, listening to the sounds of the house, occasionally opening the door when they passed by, and looking closely at what was happening in the corridor. Several women walked in and out with quiet steps, looked at the princess and turned away from her. She did not dare to ask, she closed the door, returned to her room, and then sat down in her chair, then took up her prayer book, then knelt down in front of the icon case. Unfortunately and to her surprise, she felt that prayer did not calm her anxiety. Suddenly the door of her room quietly opened and her old nanny Praskovya Savishna, tied with a scarf, appeared on the threshold; almost never, due to the prince’s prohibition, did not enter her room.
“I came to sit with you, Mashenka,” said the nanny, “but I brought the prince’s wedding candles to light in front of the saint, my angel,” she said with a sigh.
- Oh, I'm so glad, nanny.
- God is merciful, my dear. - The nanny lit candles entwined with gold in front of the icon case and sat down with the stocking by the door. Princess Marya took the book and began to read. Only when steps or voices were heard, the princess looked at each other in fear, questioningly, and the nanny. In all parts of the house the same feeling that Princess Marya experienced while sitting in her room was poured out and possessed everyone. According to the belief that the fewer people know about the suffering of a woman in labor, the less she suffers, everyone tried to pretend not to know; no one spoke about this, but in all the people, in addition to the usual sedateness and respect for good manners that reigned in the prince’s house, one could see one common concern, a softness of heart and an awareness of something great, incomprehensible, taking place at that moment.
No laughter could be heard in the big maid's room. In the waitress all the people sat and were silent, ready to do something. The servants burned torches and candles and did not sleep. The old prince, stepping on his heel, walked around the office and sent Tikhon to Marya Bogdanovna to ask: what? - Just tell me: the prince ordered me to ask what? and come tell me what she says.
“Report to the prince that labor has begun,” said Marya Bogdanovna, looking significantly at the messenger. Tikhon went and reported to the prince.
“Okay,” said the prince, closing the door behind him, and Tikhon no longer heard the slightest sound in the office. A little later, Tikhon entered the office, as if to adjust the candles. Seeing that the prince was lying on the sofa, Tikhon looked at the prince, at his upset face, shook his head, silently approached him and, kissing him on the shoulder, left without adjusting the candles or saying why he had come. The most solemn sacrament in the world continued to be performed. Evening passed, night came. And the feeling of expectation and softening of the heart in the face of the incomprehensible did not fall, but rose. Nobody was sleeping.
It was one of those March nights when winter seems to want to take its toll and pours out its last snows and storms with desperate anger. To meet the German doctor from Moscow, who was expected every minute and for whom a support was sent to the main road, to the turn to the country road, horsemen with lanterns were sent to guide him through the potholes and jams.
Princess Marya had left the book long ago: she sat silently, fixing her radiant eyes on the wrinkled face of the nanny, familiar to the smallest detail: on a strand of gray hair that had escaped from under a scarf, on the hanging pouch of skin under her chin.
Nanny Savishna, with a stocking in her hands, in a quiet voice told, without hearing or understanding her own words, what had been told hundreds of times about how the late princess in Chisinau gave birth to Princess Marya, with a Moldavian peasant woman instead of her grandmother.
“God have mercy, you never need a doctor,” she said. Suddenly a gust of wind hit one of the exposed frames of the room (by the will of the prince, one frame was always displayed with larks in each room) and, knocking off the poorly closed bolt, fluttered the damask curtain, and, smelling cold and snow, blew out the candle. Princess Marya shuddered; The nanny, having put down the stocking, went to the window and leaned out and began to catch the folded frame. The cold wind ruffled the ends of her scarf and the gray, stray strands of hair.
- Princess, mother, someone is driving along the road ahead! - she said, holding the frame and not closing it. - With lanterns, it should be, doctor...
- Oh my god! God bless! - said Princess Marya, - we must go meet him: he doesn’t know Russian.
Princess Marya threw on her shawl and ran towards those traveling. When she passed the front hall, she saw through the window that some kind of carriage and lanterns were standing at the entrance. She went out onto the stairs. There was a tallow candle on the railing post and it was flowing from the wind. The waiter Philip, with a frightened face and another candle in his hand, stood below, on the first landing of the stairs. Even lower, around the bend, along the stairs, moving footsteps in warm boots could be heard. And some familiar voice, as it seemed to Princess Marya, said something.
- God bless! - said the voice. - And father?
“They’ve gone to bed,” answered the voice of the butler Demyan, who was already downstairs.
Then the voice said something else, Demyan answered something, and footsteps in warm boots began to approach faster along the invisible bend of the stairs. "This is Andrey! - thought Princess Marya. No, this cannot be, it would be too unusual,” she thought, and at the same moment as she was thinking this, on the platform on which the waiter stood with a candle, the face and figure of Prince Andrei appeared in a fur coat with a collar sprinkled with snow. Yes, it was him, but pale and thin, and with a changed, strangely softened, but alarming expression on his face. He walked onto the stairs and hugged his sister.
-You didn’t receive my letter? - he asked, and without waiting for an answer, which he would not have received, because the princess could not speak, he returned, and with the obstetrician, who entered after him (he met with him at the last station), with quick steps he again entered the the stairs and hugged his sister again. - What fate! - he said, “Dear Masha,” and, throwing off his fur coat and boots, he went to the princess’s quarters.
The little princess was lying on pillows, wearing a white cap. (Suffering had just released her.) Black hair curled in strands around her sore, sweaty cheeks; her rosy, lovely mouth with a sponge covered with black hairs was open, and she smiled joyfully. Prince Andrei entered the room and stopped in front of her, at the foot of the sofa on which she was lying. Brilliant eyes, looking childish, scared and excited, stopped at him without changing expression. “I love you all, I haven’t done harm to anyone, why am I suffering? help me,” her expression said. She saw her husband, but did not understand the significance of his appearance now before her. Prince Andrei walked around the sofa and kissed her on the forehead.
“My darling,” he said: a word he had never spoken to her. - God is merciful. “She looked at him questioningly, childishly and reproachfully.
“I expected help from you, and nothing, nothing, and you too!” - said her eyes. She wasn't surprised that he came; she did not understand that he had arrived. His arrival had nothing to do with her suffering and its relief. The torment began again, and Marya Bogdanovna advised Prince Andrei to leave the room.
The obstetrician entered the room. Prince Andrei went out and, meeting Princess Marya, again approached her. They started talking in a whisper, but every minute the conversation fell silent. They waited and listened.
“Allez, mon ami, [Go, my friend,” said Princess Marya. Prince Andrey again went to his wife and sat down in the next room, waiting. Some woman came out of her room with a frightened face and was embarrassed when she saw Prince Andrei. He covered his face with his hands and sat there for several minutes. Pathetic, helpless animal groans were heard from behind the door. Prince Andrei stood up, went to the door and wanted to open it. Someone was holding the door.
- You can’t, you can’t! – a frightened voice said from there. – He began to walk around the room. The screams stopped and a few seconds passed. Suddenly a terrible scream - not her scream, she could not scream like that - was heard in the next room. Prince Andrei ran to the door; the scream stopped, and the cry of a child was heard.
“Why did they bring the child there? thought Prince Andrei at the first second. Child? Which one?... Why is there a child there? Or was it a baby born? When he suddenly realized all the joyful meaning of this cry, tears choked him, and he, leaning with both hands on the windowsill, sobbed, began to cry, as children cry. The door opened. The doctor, with his shirt sleeves rolled up, without a frock coat, pale and with a shaking jaw, left the room. Prince Andrey turned to him, but the doctor looked at him in confusion and, without saying a word, walked past. The woman ran out and, seeing Prince Andrei, hesitated on the threshold. He entered his wife's room. She lay dead in the same position in which he had seen her five minutes ago, and the same expression, despite the fixed eyes and the paleness of her cheeks, was on that charming, childish face with a sponge covered with black hairs.
“I love you all and have never done anything bad to anyone, so what did you do to me?” her lovely, pitiful, dead face spoke. In the corner of the room, something small and red grunted and squeaked in Marya Bogdanovna’s white, shaking hands.
Two hours after this, Prince Andrei entered his father’s office with quiet steps. The old man already knew everything. He stood right at the door, and as soon as it opened, the old man silently, with his senile, hard hands, like a vice, grabbed his son’s neck and sobbed like a child.
Three days later the funeral service was held for the little princess, and, bidding farewell to her, Prince Andrei ascended the steps of the coffin. And in the coffin was the same face, although with closed eyes. “Oh, what have you done to me?” it said everything, and Prince Andrei felt that something was torn away in his soul, that he was guilty of a guilt that he could not correct or forget. He couldn't cry. The old man also entered and kissed her wax hand, which lay calmly and high on the other, and her face said to him: “Oh, what and why did you do this to me?” And the old man turned away angrily when he saw this face.
| Minister of Finance of the Provisional Government of Russia | ||
|---|---|---|
| March 1917 - May 1917 | ||
Kyiv, Russian Empire
Monte Carlo, Monaco
Family and education
Born into a family of large sugar refiners and landowners in the Kyiv province, who came from Cossack origins (Mikhail Tereshchenko’s personal fortune was estimated at approximately 70 million rubles). Father - Ivan Nikolaevich (1854--1903), mother - Elizaveta Mikhailovna (d. 1921). He was married to a Frenchwoman, Margaret, née Noe (Marie Margaret Noe, 1886-1968), in this marriage two daughters and a son were born, Pyotr Mikhailovich (1919-2004), who lived in France and worked as an engineer in the USA and Brazil. The couple divorced, and Mikhail Tereshchenko married Norwegian Ebba Horst.
Already in early childhood he was fluent in French, English, German, and understood ancient Greek and Latin (later he was fluent in a total of 13 languages). Graduated from the 1st Kyiv Gymnasium. He studied at Kiev University and studied economics at the University of Leipzig. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (as an external student).
Lawyer, publisher, sugar refiner
He was actively involved in the family business, was a member of the board of the All-Russian Society of Sugar Refiners, a member of the board of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank and the accounting committee of the Kyiv branch of the Azov-Don Bank.
Activities during the First World War
Minister of the Provisional Government
The manager of the affairs of the Provisional Government, V.D. Nabokov, highlighted such qualities of Tereshchenko as “his souplesse(flexibility), his very secularism, his lack of firm convictions, a thoughtful plan, complete amateurism in matters of foreign policy” (however, these qualities allowed him to establish relations with various political forces). According to diplomat G. N. Mikhailovsky, Tereshchenko “sought, without, however, leaving the general framework of pre-revolutionary politics, to position himself in a new way as a representative of a revolutionary and democratic government, which cannot speak the same language as the tsarist government.” Mikhailovsky also noted that
how much better, compared to Miliukov, Tereshchenko managed to get along with both the allies and the Council of Deputies, how completely impersonal he was within his department, the further, the more he became an obedient tool in the hands of its senior staff. If Miliukov on Balkan issues, for example on Constantinople, took his own position and forced the department to accept it, then Tereshchenko, on the contrary, listened very carefully to what they told him and always agreed... All department directors and department heads were infinitely pleased with him, since he did not interfere with their management of the department.
Together with other ministers of the Provisional Government, Tereshchenko was arrested by the Bolsheviks in the Winter Palace and was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Emigrant
In the spring of 1918 he was released, emigrated to Finland, from there to Norway, then lived in France and England. He supported the White movement and foreign intervention against Soviet Russia. S was a member of the Commerce, Industry and Finance Committee. Having lost his fortune in Russia, he successfully did business abroad and was a co-owner of several financial companies and banks in France and Madagascar. He was a philanthropist, created shelters for disadvantaged emigrants and helped in their settlement, but did not advertise this side of his activities.
Collector
From his father and other representatives of the dynasty, Tereshchenko inherited a rich collection of works of art, primarily paintings and sculptures by Russian masters. The collection included “A Stream in the Forest”, “Among the Flat Valley”, “Oak Grove” and “First Snow” by I. I. Shishkin; “Student” N. A. Yaroshenko; “Portrait of V. Garshin” by I. E. Repin; “Three Princesses of the Underground Kingdom” by V. M. Vasnetsov; "Twilight" Ap. M. Vasnetsova; “Girl against the background of a Persian carpet” by M. A. Vrubel; “Players” by P. A. Fedotov, as well as paintings
Father is a Cossack merchant, owner of sugar refineries. Tereshchenko graduated from Kiev and Leipzig (Germany) universities. Large landowner, owner of sugar factories, financier. After 1910 Freemason; was one of the famous “Masonic Five” (A.I. Konovalov, A.F. Kerensky, N.V. Nekrasov, I.N. Efremov). Member 4th State Dumas; non-partisan, aligned with the progressives. In 1912-14, he was the owner of the private publishing house "Sirin" in St. Petersburg. During the 1st world. war participated in the creation of hospitals in Kr. Cross, in 1915-17 before. Kyiv region Military-Industrial K-ta and comrade. prev All-Russian Military-Industrial k-ta. Participated in the preparation of a conspiracy to remove Nicholas II. Friend Gen. A.M. Krymova.
After Feb. revolutions of 1917 from March 2 min. Finance Time pr-va. In April together with Kerensky and Nekrasov, he actively fought for the creation of inter-party parties and governments. coalition with the socialists. From May 5 min. foreign affairs after the departure of P.N. Miliukov and the continuer of his course in foreign affairs. politics: he refused to publish secret treaties for fear of breaking with the allies, more than once confirmed Russia’s obligations to them, formally advocated concluding peace without annexations and indemnities in unity with the allies, and for strengthening Russia’s combat power. May 25 in a telegram Russian. He proposed to the ambassadors “to emphasize in every possible way the firm determination of the government... by all means to organize defense and continue the war, for which all the necessary means will be brought” (Revolution of 1917, vol. 6, p. 154). Participant of the 1st All-Russian. Congress of Soviets of the RSD (June). In con. June, as part of the delegation of the government (Kerensky, Nekrasov, I.G. Tsereteli) participated in negotiations with the Ukrainian. Center. Rada and the preparation of a draft declaration, which served as one of the reasons for the government crisis. On July 7, he stated (together with Nekrasov) to representatives of the press that the Temporary. The government is extremely dissatisfied with the publication of materials on the accusation against V.I. Lenin in the state treason. At his suggestion, the government adopted an appeal to the allied powers, which stated: The rebellion has been suppressed and its perpetrators have been brought to justice. All measures have been taken at the front to restore the army. The country will make all the necessary preparations for the further campaign" (ibid., vol. 3, p. 193). On July 16, together with Kerensky, he participated in a meeting at Headquarters to determine further military policy. 21 July, at a meeting of the government, he stated that “Order No. 1 (Petrograd Council of the RSD - Author) is the greatest crime and that “the honor and dignity of Russia were restored by the offensive” (ibid., p. 204). 1 Sep. in connection with the emergency circumstances and until the formation of the government is completed, a member has been appointed. Directories, from 5 Sep. deputy Min.-chairman 12 Sep. submitted his resignation (the letter to Kerensky said: “The counter-revolution, although not necessarily monarchical, represents unity, the hope of saving the state from collapse” - Dumova-2, p. 208) and on September 20. went to Moscow for personal negotiations with car washes. a group of industrialists about the composition of the production. 22 Sep. on joint meeting Temp. pr-va, washers. groups of industrialists, representatives of the Democratic. meeting and members of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party sharply protested against the alleged appeal of the Democrats. conference towards democracy around the world as “offensive to national pride”, stated a turning point in the country’s mood towards the national. self-awareness and spoke out against the Pre-Parliament, which “will give nothing but words” (“Revolution of 1917”, vol. 4, p. 258). 25 Sep. assigned min. foreign business Oct 11 At a meeting of the government, instead of the formula “war to a victorious end”, he put forward another - “war until the army is combat ready” (ibid., vol. 5, p. 68). Time The government instructed him to make a statement in the Pre-Parliament that it was acting in full harmony with the Allied Powers. Tereshchenko's report on foreign affairs. politics 16 Oct. will not meet with approval in any of the political groups of the Pre-Parliament, and all newspapers, incl. and the right, criticized his performance as completely vague and unsatisfactory. At the same time, Tereshchenko came into conflict with the military. min. DI. Verkhovsky. who declared it impossible for Russia to continue the war.
Oct 25 arrested in the Winter Palace and sent to Petropavl. fortress. 26 Nov together with other members of the Temp. The pr-va addressed a letter addressed to the "chairman of the Constituent Assembly, in which they asked to be given the opportunity to appear at the Constituent Assembly to give a full report on their actions as members of the pr-va. The letter emphasized that they entered into the production “by agreement with representatives of the competent authorities of the rev. democracy and, on an equal basis with our socialist comrades, religiously carried out government orders. program" ("Revolution of 1917", vol. 6, p. 217). Released from the fortress in the spring of 1918; fled to Western Europe (Norway, France). Supported the "white movement". One of the organizers of foreign military intervention against Soviet Russia.In the 20-30s, a major financier in France and Madagascar.
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