Direct speech without the words of the author. Punctuation. Direct speech. Punctuation marks for quotations

Staging punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech depends on the relationship between direct speech and the words of the author.

Punctuation in sentences with direct speech shown in the diagrams. Letters P, p they denote direct speech, the first word of which is written with a capital (P) or lowercase (P) letters; letters A, A- words of the author that also begin or are capitalized (A), or with a lowercase letter (a).

If author's words precede direct speech and are followed by a colon, direct speech is in quotation marks. First word direct speech written with a capital letter at the end direct speech the appropriate end-of-sentence sign is used. In this case, question and exclamation marks, as well as ellipses, are placed before the quotation marks, and a period after them.

If direct speech comes before the words of the author, then it is enclosed in quotation marks, written with a capital letter, followed by a comma (after the quotation marks) or an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis (before the quotation marks) and a dash. Author's words written with a lowercase (small) letter.

1. If direct speech is one sentence, then after the first part there is a comma and a dash, author's words are written with a lowercase letter, followed by a comma and a dash, the second part direct speech written with a lowercase letter; quotes are placed only at the beginning and at the end direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and words of the author.

2. If direct speech consists of several sentences and author's words stand between them, then after the first part direct speech a comma and a dash are placed (if there should be a period at the end of a sentence of direct speech), an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis and a dash; author's words are written with a lowercase letter, followed by a dot and a dash; The second part direct speech starts with a capital letter. Quotes are only placed at the beginning and end direct speech. Punctuation at the end of the second part direct speech are governed by the rules already described above.

3. B in the author's words, tearing direct speech, there can be two verbs with the meaning of speech or thought; the first of them refers to direct speech standing in front in the author's words, second - to direct speech after the author's words. In such cases, before the second part direct speech A colon and a dash are added.

"P,- A: - P".

1) “No, nothing, great,” answered Pavel Petrovich and then added a little: “You can’t deceive your brother, you’ll have to tell him that we quarreled over politics.” (I. Turgenev)

If direct speech is found within the words of the author, then before it after author's words put a colon direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks and is followed by a dash or comma (depending on the context), author's words are written with a small letter.

Dash after direct speech is set if:

b) at the end direct speech there is a question mark, an exclamation mark or an ellipsis.

Note. Direct speech is enclosed in quotes if it is written to a string.

If its entry starts on a new line and thus stands out as a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it (without quotes). This design is common in printed texts. For example:

1) - My God, Nadya has arrived!- he said and laughed cheerfully.- My dear, my dear! (A. Chekhov)

2) The hair moved on the top of my head, as if someone was blowing from behind, and somehow it burst out from me, involuntarily:

- How old is Aristarkh Platonovich?! (M. Bulgakov)

§ 47.1

Direct speech stands out in quotation marks, if it goes to line(to selection): Vladimir Sergeevich... looked at his man with bewilderment and said in a hasty whisper: "Go find out who it is"(T.).

If direct speech begins from a paragraph, then before starting it is placed dash:

...Nikita, bowing to the ground, said:

- Sorry, father.(M.G.).

§ 47.2

Regardless of the place occupied in relation to the author's words, in quotation marks inner speech, unspoken thoughts stand out: I look after him and think: “Why do such people live?”(M.G.); “There’s still something pathetic about her,” - I thought(Ch.).

§ 47.3

In quotation marks sounds transmitted in writing are highlighted (for example, echo): “Aw, Where You?" - the echo repeated loudly; The announcer's voice sounded clear: “We are passing on the latest news.”

To convey a telephone conversation in writing, punctuation that is more common for dialogue is used - dash between replicas (see § 51).

§ 47.4

In newspaper texts, quotation marks are often omitted when speaking directly: The French President said: The exchange of views was useful; Why is this happening?- asks the newspaper.

§ 47.5

Direct speech following the author's words is preceded by a colon, and the first word of direct speech is written with capital letters. Question and exclamation marks and ellipses are placed before the closing quotation marks, and dot- after them. For example: Finally I said to her: “Do you want to go for a walk on the rampart?”(L.); Lying on the bale and plan, he twitched his arms and legs and whispered: "Mother! Mother!"(Ch.); They shouted: “Two... Orderlies... Look, look - it’s still flying... Climb under the cars...”(A.T.); The hostess very often addressed Chichikov with the words: "You took very little"(G.).

§ 47.6

If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a colon is not always placed after the preceding author’s words.

1) Colon put if the author's words contain a verb with the meaning of speech-thought ( speak, say, tell, notice, address, exclaim, shout, whisper, ask, inquire, answer, insert, interrupt, speak, begin, continue, confirm, explain, agree, assent, remind, advise, reproach, decide, think etc.) or a noun close in meaning or formation to verbs of speech-thought ( question, answer, words, exclamation, voice, whisper, sound, cry, thought and so on.).

In addition, in the function of words introducing direct speech, verbs are used that denote the speaker’s feelings, his sensations, and internal state ( remember, rejoice, be sad, be surprised, be offended, be indignant, be horrified etc.), as well as verbs denoting facial expressions, gestures, movements ( smile, grin, laugh, laugh, sigh, frown, come up, run up, jump up and so on.). Both verbs allow the possibility of adding verbs of speech to them ( rejoiced and said: was surprised and asked; smiled and answered; ran up and exclaimed etc.), therefore they are perceived as words introducing direct speech. For example:

A) He looked with a grin:

- It’s okay, it’ll heal before the wedding.

b) While they were digging out the wheels stuck in the sand, a policeman approached us:

- Who are they?

V) The mother frowned:

- Did you get a bad grade again?

G) Everyone was horrified:

- Is that really true?

d) The old man got angry:

- Get out of here immediately!

e) The children ran towards their mother: - Mama!

and) This time he got angry:

- You won’t get another gram!

h) Snatching a log, she began to hit it on the basin:

- Climb! Get up!

Wed: On one of these... days Zabrodsky came running: “Dmitry Alekseevich, it has begun!..”(Er.)

Colon is also placed in cases where the author’s words do not contain verbs of speech or verbs replacing them with the above meanings, but the situation shows that direct speech is being introduced: ...And he said to him: “This is our common house.”(Ch.); ...And he: “Get away, you drunken face!”(M.G.); ...And he: “I’m a writer. Not a prose writer. No, I’m in touch with the muses"(M.).

2) The colon is not placed if the words are inserted and said, and asked, and exclaimed etc. is impossible or difficult:

A) Nobody wanted to leave.

- Tell us something more about your travels.

b) My words clearly confused him.

- So you don't trust me?

V) He had no other choice.

- I accept your terms.

G) The mother's eyebrows furrowed.

- I don't allow you to do this.

d) The little driver's eyes sparkled.

e) - Wonderful! Renovated to perfection!

Wed: This morning she took money from my pocket before going to the bakery, and attacked this little book and pulled it out. “What do you have?” (Sh.) A colon is also not placed if direct speech is concluded between two sentences from the author, and the second of them contains words introducing direct speech:

He tore out several pieces of paper from the notebook and handed them to me.

- Write down my comments in detail, - he said in a calm voice.

§ 48. Direct speech before the author’s words

If direct speech comes before the author’s words, then after it there are comma (interrogative) or exclamation mark, ellipsis) and dash: the author's words begin with lowercase letters: “Mother probably isn’t sleeping, and I’m not coming back from work,” - thought Pavel(BUT.); “Do you know grandpa, mom?” - the son says to the mother(N.); “Don’t make noise, go quietly, soldier!” - the old man spoke to Olenin in an angry whisper.(L.T.); "I would like to buy peasants..." - said Chichikov, he faltered and did not finish his speech.(G.).

The same when formatting direct speech from a paragraph:

- Flattery and cowardice are the worst vices, - Asya said loudly(T.);

- Well, Natalya, haven’t you heard about your husband? - interrupted the Kashulinskaya daughter-in-law, turning to Natasha(Sh.);

- Hurry, hurry to the city for a doctor! - Vladimir shouted(P.);

- Sleep, grandson, sleep... - the old woman sighed(Ch.).

§ 49. Author's words inside direct speech

§ 49.1

If the author’s words are inside direct speech (set off in quotation marks), then quotes are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author’s words (such punctuation was found in the works of writers of the 19th century): “I came to command,” Chapaev stated, - instead of fiddling with papers"(Furm.).

§ 49.2

If at the point where direct speech is broken by the author’s words there should be no punctuation mark or there should be a comma, semicolon, colon or dash, then the author’s words are highlighted on both sides commas and dashes, after which the first word is written with lowercase letters: "We decided - the assessor continued, - with your permission to stay here overnight"(P.) - there would be no sign at the site of the rupture; "No, - Ermolai said, - things are not going well; we need to get a boat"(T.) - there would be a comma at the place of the break; “We’ll have to spend the night here,” said Maxim Maksimych, “You can’t cross the mountains in such a snowstorm.”(L.) - at the place of the break there would be a colon.

§ 49.3

If there should be a dot where the direct speech breaks with the author’s words, then the author’s words are preceded by comma and dash, and after them - dot and dash; capital letters: “I am not connected with anyone or anything, - he reminded himself. “Reality is hostile to me.”(M.G.); “You want to cripple me, Lenochka, - Voropaev shook his head. “Well, can I get there?”(Paul.)

§ 49.4

If at the place where direct speech breaks in the author's words there should be interrogative or Exclamation point, then this sign is preserved before the author’s words and is placed after it dash; the author's words begin with lowercase letters followed by dot and dash; the second part of direct speech begins with capital letters: “So your name is Pavka? - Tonya broke the silence. - Why Pavel? It doesn’t sound nice, it’s better Pavel”(BUT.); “Here it is, the end of the world! - exclaimed Mokhov. - Great! I’ve never traveled this far before!”(Already)

§ 49.5

If in place of the break in direct speech by the author’s words there should be ellipses, then it is saved before the author’s words and placed after it dash; after the words of the author are placed or comma and dash(if the second part of direct speech does not form an independent sentence, it begins with lowercase letters), or dot and dash(if the second part is a new sentence, begins with a capital letter): "No need…- With Vershinin said, - no need, guy!(Vs.Iv.); “Wait... - Morozka said gloomily. - Give me a letter..."(F.) 6. If in the author’s words inside direct speech there are two verbs with the meaning of a statement, of which one refers to the first part of direct speech, and the other to the second, then after the author’s words are placed colon and dash, and the first word of the second part begins with capital letters: “I’m not asking you,” the officer said sternly and asked again: “Old woman, answer!”(M.G.); “I humbly thank you, - responded Meshkov, humbly took off his cap, but immediately put it on again and bowed, adding hastily: - Thank you very much, comrades"(Fed.).

§ 50. Direct speech within the author’s words

A) Father Vasily raised his eyebrows and smoked, blowing smoke from his nose, then said: "Yes, that's how it is" sighed, paused and left(A.T.) - a comma separates homogeneous predicates said And sighed, between which there is direct speech; ...Sofya Karlovna kissed Manya again and said to her: “Go for a walk, my baby,” she trudged behind her screens(Lesk.) - a comma closes the adverbial phrase, which includes direct speech; Boris comes up to me and says: “Well shot, great” but his eyes sparkle, full of envy(Kud.) - a comma separates parts of a complex sentence connected by an adversative conjunction But; Arriving at the dacha in a large company... my brother suddenly said: “Bear, let’s go to billiards” and they locked themselves in and played billiards for three hours(Sim.) - comma before the conjunction And in a complex sentence;

b) …She said: “Nowadays, they say, they don’t do much science at the university anymore.” - and called her dog Suzette(L.T.) - dash before the conjunction And with homogeneous predicates; At this point he was completely stupefied: “Your Honor, Father Master, how are you... am I even worth it...” - and suddenly cried(Adv.) - a dash after the ellipsis, which ends direct speech; To my question: “Is the old caretaker alive?” - no one could give me a satisfactory answer(P.) - a dash after a question mark, which ends direct speech; And only when he whispered: "Mother! Mother!" - he seemed to feel better(Ch.) - a dash after the exclamation mark, which ends direct speech; Don't say: "Hey, dog!" or “Hey, cat!” - two lines separated by a non-repeating conjunction or;

V) When the clerk said: “It would be nice, master, to do this and that,” - "Yes, not bad" - he usually answered(G.); When a man came to him and, scratching the back of his head with his hand, said: “Master, let me leave for work, let me earn some money,” - “Go,” - he said(G.) - a comma and a dash separate two remarks from different persons located inside the author’s words.

§ 51. Punctuation marks in dialogue

§ 51.1

If dialogue lines are given every from a paragraph, then it is put in front of them dash:

- So the German is calm?

- Silence.

- Rockets?

- Yes, but not very often(Kaz.).

§ 51.2

If the cues follow in selection without indicating who they belong to, then each of them is concluded in quotes and separates from the neighboring one dash: “So are you married? I didn't know before! How long ago?” - "About two years". - "On whom?" - “On Larina.” - “Tatyana?” - “Do you know her?” - “I’m their neighbor”(P.).

§ 51.3

“You can’t see it?” - the master repeated. “Not to be seen,” the servant answered a second time.(T.);

“How are you doing?” - asked Ekaterina Ivanovna. “Nothing, we live little by little,” answered Startsev (Ch.);

“Will you allow me to go to the first company?” - said Maslennikov, diligently, more than usual, stretching out in front of Saburov. “Go,” said Saburov. “I’ll come to you soon too.”(Sim.).

§ 51.4

If one replica is interrupted by another, and then a continuation of the first replica follows, then after the first part and before the beginning of the second, put ellipsis:

- I requested…

- You didn't ask for anything.

- ...at least a minute of attention.

§ 51.5

If a subsequent remark repeats words from the previous one, belonging to another person, and they are perceived as someone else’s text, then these words are highlighted in quotation marks:

Kupavina. Ah, this is finally funny. Why be a lawyer when there is nothing.

Lynyaev. How about “nothing”?

Kupavina. Okay, nothing, blank paper(Acute);

Silan. Walk a little, it’s better for you...

Kuroslepov. Yes,« take a walk a little"! All your consideration...(Sharp).

Wed: “If you are free, come see me.” - "Like this " you will be free" ? After all, every minute counts for me”; “Believe me, you are still dear to me.” - “Yours” roads “Totally inappropriate,” she got angry.

If the words repeated in the subsequent remark are not perceived as someone else’s text, then they are not highlighted in quotation marks:

Lynyaev. Alas!

Murzavetsky. What is “alas”? What is it, dear sir, alas?(Ostr.) - first alas - repetition of a word from someone else’s text, the second - a word from one’s own text.

§ 51.6

A special form of constructing a dialogue is expressed in the fact that punctuation marks are used as independent remarks - mainly question marks and exclamation marks:

A) - I will not answer.

- What will this give you?

- It won't give anything. We'll find out everything.

b) - “You’re crazy,” said Proshkin, seeing my second copyright certificate for the invention.

This peculiar use of them is explained by the fact that “the meaning of exclamation and question marks is so definite and generally accepted that it turns out to be possible with the help of these signs to express surprise, doubt, indignation, etc. ... even without words” (cf. § 2, p. 6 and § 3, paragraph 7).

§ 52. Paragraphs in direct speech

§ 52.1

He grabbed the pole, told Dina to hold it, and climbed. It broke off twice—the block was in the way. Kostylin supported him and somehow made it to the top. Dina pulls him by the shirt with her little hands, with all her might, laughing herself.

Zhilin took the pole and said:

- Take it to its place, Dina, otherwise they’ll miss it, - they'll kill you(L.T.).

But if a sentence introducing direct speech begins with a connecting conjunction and, but etc., then it is not highlighted in a separate paragraph:

They talked some more and began to argue about something. AND Pakhom asked what they were arguing about. And the translator said:

“Some people say that you need to ask the foreman about the land, but you can’t do it without him.” And others say it’s possible without it(L.T.).

§ 52.2

- Well, I’m very glad,” said the wife, “so now, look, take the medicine carefully.” Give me the prescription, I'll send Gerasim to the pharmacy. - And she went to get dressed.

He didn't catch his breath while she was in the room and sighed heavily when she left.(L.T.).

- When? - many exclaimed. And meanwhile their eyes were fixed in disbelief on the hunchback, who, after a moment of silence, stood up, saddled his horse, put on his horn, and rode out of the yard (L.).

§ 52.3

- “I’m sure,” I continued, “that the princess is already in love with you.” He turned red to his ears and pouted(L.).

§ 52.4

If between two remarks of the same speaker there is text from the author, then neither this text nor subsequent direct speech is usually separated into separate paragraphs:

- This formula may have a different form,” the professor explained. He leisurely walked up to the blackboard, took the chalk and wrote something new for us.

“This is another option,” he said.

In poetic texts, there are also cases when direct speech, interrupted by the author’s words (remark), is a continuation of the previous one, or when his action is described between two remarks of the same person: in the first case dash placed on the right, at the end of the line, in the second - on the left, at the beginning of the line (like a paragraph): You demand a lot, Emilia!- (Silence.) Who would have thought that such a fool, So insensitive... nature is boring!..(L.) You are a scoundrel, and I will mark you here, so that everyone will consider it an insult to meet you.

(Throws cards in his face. The prince is so amazed that he does not know what to do.) - Now we're even(L.).

In verses, after direct speech ending before a space, there is no dash.

§ 52.5

If direct speech is a dialogue that occurred earlier, it can be formatted either in paragraphs or in selection, but the punctuation changes depending on whether the listener interrupts the narrator or not. If he interrupts, then the conversation that took place earlier is given from paragraphs and in quotes, so that the phrases of the narrator and the listener are not mixed with the dialogue given by the narrator. For example:

-

"We'll have to stay for a while." "Why? Something happened?"

-

- I'll tell you now.

Another option: the words of the previously occurring dialogue are given in selection to the words and says between phrases contained in quotes, is put dash:

...The traveler began his story:

- This was at the very height of our hike. The guide came up to me and said: “We’ll have to stay for a while.” - "Why? Something happened?"

- Did anything really happen? - one of those listening to the traveler could not stand it.

- I'll tell you now.

If the listener does not interrupt the narrator, then the dialogue given in the story can also be framed in two ways: either by dash from paragraphs, or in selection, and in this case the remarks are enclosed in quotation marks and separated by the sign dash. Wed:

a) ...The traveler began his story:

- This was at the very height of our hike. The guide came up to me and said:

- We'll have to stay for a while.

- Why? Something happened?

- There was a landslide in the mountains.

- Are there any unpleasant consequences?

- I'll find out the details. But it is already known that there are victims.

b) ...The traveler began his story:

This was at the very height of our hike. The conductor came up to me and said: “We’ll have to stay for a while.” - "Why? Something happened?" - “There was a collapse in the mountains.” - “Are there any unpleasant consequences?” - “I’ll find out the details. But it is already known that there are victims.”

Those present listened attentively to the traveler's story.

If the dialogue given in the replica is accompanied by the author’s words, then it is given in selection and stands out in quotation marks:

Balzaminov. ...They look and smile, and I pretend to be a lover. Only once we meet Lukyan Lukyanovich (I didn’t know him then), and he says: “Who are you chasing here?” I speak: “I’m with the eldest.” And he said so at random...(Sharp)

§ 52.6

If direct speech conveying unspoken thoughts is given after the author’s words, then it does not stand out from the paragraph:

Everything was going smoothly. Suddenly he caught himself and thought: “ Is there some kind of catch here? »

A) Everything was going smoothly.

“Isn’t there some kind of catch here,” he thought?

b) Everything was going smoothly.

“Isn’t there some kind of catch here?” - he thought.

§ 52.7

If a long story with many paragraphs is being transmitted, then dash is placed only before the first paragraph (neither before intermediate paragraphs nor before the last dash):

- The work of our expedition went like this,” the geologist began his story.- B A detailed plan was developed, routes were outlined..[The story continues.]

These are the preliminary results of the expedition.

§ 53. Punctuation and graphic design of text in plays

§ 53.1

Prose text in plays is given to match the name of the character (the latter is highlighted in font); A dot is placed after the name of the character:

Anna Pavlovna. Where is Viktor Mikhailovich? Lisa. Left. (L.T.)

§ 53.2

In poetic texts, there is no period after the name of the character, given on a separate line and left out in the middle:

Nina

Death, death! He's right - there's fire in the chest - all hell.

Arbenin

Yes, I served you poison at the ball. (L.)

§ 53.3

Act one

The theater represents the front room of a rich house in Moscow. Three doors: the outer one, to Leonid Fedorovich’s office and to Vasily Leonidovich’s room.

Staircase up to the inner chambers; Behind her is a passage to the buffet. (L.T.)

§ 53.4

In remarks placed next to the name of the character and highlighted in a different font (usually italics) in brackets, a period is placed after the bracket:

Manefa (To Glumov). Run away from the bustle, run away.

Glumov (with a lean look and sighs). I'm running away, running away. (Sharp)

§ 53.5

Remarks in the text relating to a given person, if the remark is followed by a new phrase from the same person or if the remark ends with a remark, begin with a capital letter, italicized in brackets, with a period inside the bracket:

a) E p i h o d o v. I will go. (Bumps into a chair, which falls.) Here… (As if triumphant.) You see, excuse the expression, what a circumstance, by the way... (Ch.)

b) A n f i s a (seeing Lynyaev). Oh, you’re... you’re on your own. (Goes to the garden.)(Sharp)

If the remark is in the middle of the character’s phrase, it begins with a lowercase letter and is italicized in parentheses, without a period:

N i k i t a. Now I'll go (looks around) left.

§ 53.6

In poetic texts, remarks relating to a given person, if adjacent to the name of the character, are given in italics in brackets without a dot; if the actor’s remarks come in the middle (or at the end of the text), they are highlighted on a separate line and given in italics in brackets with a dot:

Arben (listens)

You're lying! He is here

(points to the office)

And, surely, he sleeps sweetly: listen,

how he breathes.

(To the side.)

But it will stop soon.

Sl u g a (to the side)

He hears everything... (L.)

§ 53.7

A remark relating to another character is usually typed in a smaller font and included in a red line, without parentheses:

Lyubov Andreevna. Where are you! Just sit...

Firs enters; he brought a coat.(Ch.)

§ 53.8

If in the middle of one person’s remark there is a remark relating to another person or a remark of a general nature (for example, It's getting dark or Songs are heard), then the remark is turned off, as usual, in a red line, without brackets, and the continuation of the speech of the previously speaking person (before the remark) is given on a new line without a paragraph, and the name of the character is not repeated:

SERGEY PETROVICH. Come with me to the house.

The clatter of dishes is heard in the kitchen.

So dinner is prepared for us.

The name of the character is repeated in cases where there is a remark relating to him:

Lyubov Andreevna. You needed giants... They are only good in fairy tales, but they are so scary.

Epikhodov passes at the back of the stage and plays the guitar.

Lyubov Andreevna (thoughtfully). Epikhodov is coming. (Ch.)

§ 53.9

If a poetic line is split into parts (in one line the speech of several characters is given), then this line is formatted as a “ladder”, that is, the beginning of the text of the second character’s remark will be at the level where the text of the previously speaking person’s remark ended:

1st po nter

Ivan Ilyich, let me put it.

B a n c o m e t

If you please.

1st po nter

One hundred rubles.

B a n c o m e t

2nd po nter

Well, good luck. (L.)

Direct speech is a way of conveying someone else's statement, accompanied by the author's words. In relation to the author’s words, direct speech is an independent sentence, which is intonationally and meaningfully connected with the author’s context, and forms one whole with it.

Formatting direct speech 1. Direct speech should be highlighted in quotation marks. 2. If the author’s words precede direct speech, then a colon must be placed after them. Start writing direct speech with a capital letter. Tanya, gently hugging her mother’s shoulders, tried to calm her down: “Don’t worry, Mom.” 3. If direct speech precedes the words of the author, then a comma and a dash should be placed after it. If direct speech contains an exclamation or a question, then a question mark or a dash should be placed after it. In all cases, the author’s words should begin with a small letter. Sentences with direct speech: “I won’t give you to anyone,” Anton whispered excitedly. "Who's there?" - Pashka asked in fear. "Let's run quickly!" - Seryozha shouted. Formatting direct speech in writing, when the author’s words are in the middle of direct speech, provides for the following cases:

1. If at the place where direct speech is broken there should not be any or there should be a colon, dash, comma or semicolon, then the author’s words should be highlighted on both sides with commas and a dash. “Do you know,” he began, “about Williams Hobbas and his interesting fate?”

“Do you remember,” Masha began the conversation sadly, “how in childhood you and your dad went to the forest?” Formatting direct speech in writing 2. If you are supposed to put a dot at the place where direct speech breaks, then after direct speech you need to put a comma and a dash, and after the author’s words - a dot and a dash. In this case, the second part should be written with a capital letter. The format of direct speech in this case looks like this: “It all ended so sadly,” Masha finished in tears. “But I didn’t even imagine this.” 3. If at the place where direct speech breaks, an exclamation mark is supposed to be placed, then this sign and a dash should be placed before the author’s words, and a dot and a dash after the author’s words. The second part should be written with a capital letter. “Why at seven?” Vanya asked. “They change at eight.” “Oh, it’s you, Nadka!” said Danya. “Look at this. How are you? Are you good?” 5. Formulation of direct speech when transmitting dialogue. In this case, usually each replica must begin on a new line. Before the remark you need to put a dash and do not use quotation marks. Example of dialogue design:

Sentences with direct speech - You don’t eat anything and remain silent, master. - I'm afraid of enemy encounters. - How far is it still from Yakupov? - Four leagues. - Ha! Just about an hour's drive! - The road is beautiful, just press on the pedals, huh? - I'll press it! - Ooh! Go!

Formatting direct speech in dialogue in a different form: remarks can be written in a row, each of them placed in quotation marks and separated from the others by dashes. For example, “Daisy! Daisy! - “Well, yes, Daisy; what else?" - “You are getting married!” - “Oh my God, I know! Leave quickly!” - “But you shouldn’t. They shouldn’t...” - “I know. But what can I do now? - “Are you unhappy?” - “Don’t torture me! I ask you to! Go away! The rules for formatting direct speech in writing are simple and accessible. Write correctly!

Someone else's speech- these are statements of the author or other persons. Alien speech can be spoken speech, written speech, or thoughts that are not written down or spoken out loud. Someone else's speech can be transmitted in two ways: direct speech And indirect speech.

Direct and indirect speech

Direct speech- this is someone else's speech, reproduced without any changes, conveyed on behalf of the one who said it, wrote it or thought it:

Vanya told me: I want to play with you.

What a beautiful dress! - thought Masha.

Direct speech consists of two parts: direct speech (P) And author's words (A). Direct speech- these are the words of a person, author's words- words accompanying direct speech:

Carefully! - the hunter warned, pointing to the trap.

The author's words accompanying direct speech usually contain verbs denoting processes of speech or thought, as well as verbs denoting actions accompanying speech, thoughts, feelings: muttered, spoke, said, thought, asked, exclaimed, ordered, wrote, sighed, rejoiced, smiled, was surprised and etc.

Indirect speech- this is someone else's speech, transmitted not on behalf of the speaker, in the form of subordinate clauses. Indirect speech always comes after the words of the author:

Vanya told me that he wants to play with me.

Direct speech is conducted on behalf of the person by whom it was spoken, indirect speech - on behalf of the author.

Punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech

Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks, its first word is written with a capital letter:

A fish swam to him and asked: "H Do you need it, old man? » (A.S. Pushkin)

The author's words can appear before direct speech, after it, as well as in the middle of direct speech, or frame it on both sides. The placement of punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech will also depend on the location of the author’s words:

If direct speech is conveyed in the form of a conversation between two or more persons (dialogue), then the speech of each interlocutor is enclosed in quotation marks and separated from the speech of other persons by a dash:

« Hello, lad! » - « Get past it! » - « You're too formidable, as I can see! Where do the firewood come from? » - « From the forest, of course; Father, do you hear, chops, and I take it away! » (N.A. Nekrasov)

Punctuation marks in indirect speech

1. Indirect speech is not enclosed in quotation marks:

   Olya said, so that Vitya takes a tent with him.

2. If indirect speech is a subordinate clause, then it is separated from the main clause by a comma.

   Kolya thought , that they took his place again.

3. If an indirect question contains an interrogative meaning, it is preceded by a colon and followed by a question mark.
4. If an indirect question is considered as a simple transfer of the content of the question, a comma is placed before it, and at the end of a complex sentence is the sign that is required by the meaning.

Indirect question- a question conveyed in indirect speech.

Translation of direct speech into indirect speech

When replacing a sentence with direct speech with a sentence with indirect speech, the words of the author become the main sentence. If the author’s words came after direct speech, then in a sentence with indirect speech the word order changes - the author’s words are placed before indirect speech.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, the following cases occur:

1. If direct speech is a declarative sentence, then when turning it into indirect speech, a subordinate clause with a conjunction is obtained What.
2. If direct speech expresses an order or request in the form of an imperative mood, then it is replaced by a subordinate clause with a conjunction to. The imperative mood is replaced by the conditional mood, and the particle would available in the union to, does not repeat. The address becomes the subject of a subordinate clause.
3. If direct speech is an interrogative sentence, then in indirect speech an indirect question is obtained, that is, a subordinate clause with interrogative words who, what, which, where etc. or with a particle whether. Note: particle whether used if direct speech is an interrogative sentence with a particle whether or contains no question words at all.
4. If in direct speech there are personal pronouns and personal forms of verbs, then in indirect speech they are used from the point of view of the person transmitting someone else’s speech, and not the one whose speech is being transmitted.

Sentences with indirect speech are complex sentences. The main clause in them corresponds to the words of the author in sentences with direct speech. The subordinate explanatory clause contains indirect speech.

Direct speech is someone else's speech, accurately reproduced and conveyed on behalf of the person who spoke it. Sentences with direct speech include two components: the speech itself and introducing words, which indicate who this speech was said (the words of the author).

To highlight direct speech in a sentence, punctuation marks are used: dashes or quotation marks. The placement of punctuation marks depends on the design of direct speech.

1.1. start a paragraph, then it should be preceded by a dash:

“Everything is forgiven for work,” Vedeneev says dryly. (Panova)

1.2. formatted as a line and separated by quotation marks:

“Maksim Maksimych, would you like some tea?” - I shouted at him through the window (Lermontov)

Note: Both rules are valid when constructing a dialogue:

- Svetlana, where is the piece of chocolate that I left on the table?

- The cat ate it.

- Why did you let her? (L.A. Barto)

“How, how?.. Could you turn it up?.. What is this song?..” - “I accidentally remembered this one... My father once sang. You can come up with something else...” - “We don’t need anything else, let’s do this!” (according to B. Chirkov)

2.1. before direct speech, then a colon is placed after the author’s words, direct speech begins with a capital letter and ends with the punctuation mark required by the nature of the statement:

Raising Alka in her arms and showing the sea, Natka quickly said: “Alka, look how fast the big ship is!” (A. Gaidar)

Once, when Gianni Rodari was visiting the Krasnodar children, one boy asked him:

- Why is it cold in winter and warm in summer?

2.2. after direct speech, at the end of which a suitable sign is placed (a question or exclamation mark, an ellipsis or a comma, but not a period), then there is a dash and the author’s words starting with a lowercase letter:

“You’re lying, you won’t catch me!” - Metelitsa said solemnly.

“Is it necessary to be an optimist?” - Tanya asked once. “Preferably, because an optimist is smarter than a pessimist,” Andrey answered cheerfully (K.A. Ketlinskaya)

Note: As can be seen from the last example, the peculiarity of placing a comma after direct speech is that it is placed not inside the statement, but after the closing quotation mark.

2.3. inside direct speech, breaking the latter into two parts. There are some peculiarities of writing punctuation marks here.

• if direct speech is a single sentence and must be continued after a break, then the author’s words on both sides are highlighted with a comma and a dash, after which the first word is written with a small letter:

“Is it really,” I thought, “my only purpose on earth is to destroy other people’s hopes?” (Lermontov)

• if the statement consists of several sentences, and the author’s words appear after one of them, then the exclamation and question marks, the ellipsis at the end of this sentence are preserved, the period is replaced by a comma. This is followed by a dash, the author’s words with a small letter, a dot, a dash, and direct speech continues with a capital letter:

“We have nothing to shoot here,” Popko’s voice answered on the phone. “I myself am surprised, why did he bounce?” (L.S. Sobolev);

“Frost! – Baklanov shouted after those leaving. “Still, don’t lose sight of each other.” (Fadeev)

• if the author’s words contain verbs that have the meaning of statements and relate to different parts of broken direct speech, then a colon and a dash are placed before its second part:

“Let’s go, it’s cold,” said Makarov and asked gloomily: “Why are you silent?” (Bitter).

2.4. before and after direct speech, which, in fact, breaks the author's speech. In this case, after the first part of the author's words there is a colon, an opening quotation mark, direct speech, a punctuation mark necessary for the meaning (except for a period), a closing quotation mark, a dash, and the second part of the author's words. If direct speech was supposed to end with a period, then a comma is placed after the closing quotation mark instead:

To my question: “Is the old caretaker alive?” - no one could give me a satisfactory answer (Pushkin);

Arriving at the dacha in a large group, my brother suddenly said: “Mishka, let’s go to billiards,” and they locked themselves in and played billiards for three hours. (Simonov).