Kurdish languages: alphabet, writing, area of ​​distribution and lessons for beginners. Russian Kurdish dictionary online Russian Kurdish translator

“There is no bitterer tongue and no sweeter tongue,” says a Kurdish proverb. What are they, Kurdish languages ​​- one of the most popular languages ​​of the East?

What is the language of the Kurds?

Kurdish languages ​​belong to the Iranian group. They originated from Median, but in the Middle Ages they were influenced by Arabic, Persian, and later. Currently, about 20 million people speak Kurdish. But there are significant differences between them, since they speak different dialects and use different alphabets.

This is explained by the fact that the Kurds live in territories belonging to different countries. In Iran and used in Turkey, Syria and Azerbaijan - and in Armenia - Armenian (until 1946) and Cyrillic (since 1946). The Kurdish language is divided into 4 dialects - Sorani, Kurmanji, Zazai (Dumili) and Gurani.

Where are Kurdish languages ​​spoken?

The Kurdish language is most widespread in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Azerbaijan, Jordan and Armenia. 60% of Kurds live in Turkey, Northwestern Iran, northern Iraq and Syria (Northwestern, Western, Southwestern and Central Kurdistan), speak and write in the Kurmanji dialect. About 30% of the Kurdish population living in Western and Southeastern Iran, Eastern and Southeastern Iraq (Southern and Southeastern Kurdistan) use the Sorani dialect. The rest use the Zazai (Dumili) and Gurani (South Kurdish) dialects.

Kurdish language: basics

For those who want to quickly learn the Kurdish language, Kurdish for beginners is suitable, which includes the most basic phrases in Kurmanji, Sorani and South Kurdish.

Dem bashi/Silav/Silam - Hello.

Choni?/Tu bashi?/Hasid? - How are you?

Chakim/Bashim/Hasim - Excellent.

Supas/Sipas/Sipas - Thank you.

Tkae/Tika wild/To hwa - Please.

Khva legeli/Mal ava/Binishte khvash - Goodbye.

Min tom hosh davet - I love you.

So minit hosh davet? - Do you love me?

Vere bo ere/Vere - Come here/come here.

Bo que erroy - Where are you going?

To chi dekey?/To heriki chit? - What are you doing?

Echim bo ser kar - I'm going to work.

Kei degerrieteve?/Kej deyteve? - When will you be back?

Herikim demeve; Eve Khatmeve/Ez Zivrim/Le Pisa Tiemesh - I'm coming back.

Kari to karek dikey? - What do you do for a living?

Min Errom / Min Deve Birrom - I'm going to...

Min bashim/ez bashim - I'm fine.

Min bash nim / ez neye bashim / me khves niyim - I’m not all right / - I’m not in the mood.

Min nekhoshim - I feel bad.

Chi ye/ewe chiye/eve ches? - What is this?

Hich/Chine/Huch - Nothing.

Birit ekem/min birya te kriye/hyurit kirdime - I miss you.

Deiteve; degereiteve/tu ye bi zirvi/tiyedev; gerredev? - Will you come back?

Nayemewe; nagerremeve/ez na zivrim/nyetiyemev; Nyegerremev - I will not return.

When communicating in an unfamiliar language, do not forget about sign language, which is practically the same throughout the world, with the exception of some. They can be clarified before traveling to a country where you will communicate with the Kurds.

Navi min... uh - My name is...

Yek/du/se/chuvar/pench/shesh/heft/hesht/no/de/yazde/dvazde/sezde/charde/panzde/shanzde/khevde/hezhde/nozde/bist - one/two/three/four/five/ six/seven/eight/nine/ten/eleven/twelve/thirteen/fourteen/fifteen/sixteen/seventeen/eighteen/nineteen/twenty.

Duchemme/duchembe/ducheme - Monday.

Sheshemme/sheshemb/shesheme - Tuesday.

Chuvarshemme/charshemb/chvarsheme - Wednesday.

Pencheshemme/penchshem/penchsheme - Thursday.

Jumkha/heini/jume - Friday.

Shemme/shemi/sheme - Saturday.

Yekshemme/ekshembi/yeksheme - Sunday.

Zistan/zivistan/zimsan - Winter.

Behar/bihar/vehar - Spring.

Havin/havin/tavsan - Summer.

Payez/payyz/payykh - Autumn.

Resources for learning Kurdish

The best way to learn Kurdish languages ​​is through constant practice, and the best kind of practice is from both a teacher and ordinary people who speak Kurdish as their mother tongue.

You can find such people in groups on social networks dedicated to the Kurdish language and culture. Usually there you can find video lessons for beginners, a dictionary and a phrasebook, look at pictures with inscriptions in Kurdish, read poems in the original and, if something is not clear, ask native speakers.

If you want to get to know the Kurdish culture better, you can also find groups dedicated to Kurdish music and cuisine.

If it is not possible to communicate with a native speaker, then you can find courses for self-learning the Kurdish language.

Main area:	Türkiye Iraq Iran Syria Jordan Armenia Azerbaijan
Language family:	Indo-European, Iranian group
Writing:	Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic
Number of speakers:	About 20 million
Services of the translation agency "LinguaContact"	Translation from Kurdish to Russian Translation from Russian to Kurdish

Some facts about the Kurdish language:
- Kurdish languages ​​come from the Median language. In the Middle Ages, they were significantly influenced by Persian and Arabic, and there are also borrowings from Turkish. The relationship with the Persian language has caused numerous cripples from it (the process of their creation continues).
- Due to the division of the territory inhabited by Kurds between different states, the Kurdish language in different countries uses different writing. For example, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq use Arabic writing, the Kurds of Syria and Turkey use the Turkish Latin alphabet, and the Kurds of Armenia have used the Armenian alphabet since 1921, and since 1946 they have switched to the Cyrillic alphabet. Kurds living in other CIS countries are now switching to the Latin alphabet.
- Kurdish literature, the first monuments of which date back to the 10th century, develops mainly in two dialects - Sorani and Kurmanji. About 60% of Kurds living in Northern, Northwestern, Western, Southwestern and partly in Central Kurdistan (in the territories of Turkey, Northwestern Iran, Syria, part of Northern Iraq) use the Kurmanji dialect. Up to 30% of Kurds living in Southern and Southeastern Kurdistan (Western and Southwestern Iran, Eastern and Southeastern Iraq) speak and write the Sorani dialect. In addition, among the Zaza Kurds living in the province of Tunceli (Dersim) in Turkish Kurdistan, the Zazai or Dumili dialect is common, and among the Kurds of Kermanshah (Bakhteran) in Iran, the related Gurani dialect is common.
If you have a need for translation from Kurdish into Russian or in reverse translation from Russian to Kurdish, the translation agency "LinguaContact" will be happy to help you in solving this problem!

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- (Kurmanji) refers to the Iranian system, or (according to the still-held terminology of Indo-Europeans) “family” of the language, namely to its western branch. The latter is divided into the northwestern and southwestern groups of languages, and the Kurdish language. included in... Literary encyclopedia

KURDISH- belongs to the Indo-European family of languages ​​(Iranian group). The modern Kurdish language is written in Iraq (based on Arabic script) and on the territory of the former USSR (based on the Russian alphabet) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Kurdish- the language of the Kurds living in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and partly in other countries (Afghanistan, Lebanon, USSR). Number of speakers of K. i. in the USSR there are about 90 thousand people (1970, census). Abroad, according to various rough estimates (1971), from ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Kurdish- the official language of Iraq (along with Arabic). Belongs to the Indo-European family of languages ​​(Iranian group). The modern Kurdish language is written in Iraq (based on Arabic script) and on the territory of the former USSR (based on Russian... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Kurdish- Kurdish is one of the Iranian languages ​​(northwestern group). Distributed in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and the USSR. The official language (along with Arabic) of the Republic of Iraq. The total number of speakers is 20 million people, including 97 thousand people in the USSR. (1979 ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

Kurdish- language Self-name: كوردی, Kurdî Countries: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Lebanon Official status: Iraq (Iraqi Kurdistan) Total number of speakers ... Wikipedia

KURDISH- KURDISH, Kurdish, Kurdish. adj. to the Kurds. Kurdish. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Kurdish- Sharәke barf, ram u ba һәvr’a k’әtn һ’ӧshchәte, chka k’i zh ԝana zora. Barane goth: “Az gshka zortrm.” Һәр Һәр әра BD’barm. “Kasәk b mn nkarә.” Ba got: „Ԛә zhi na, ә’mre ta knә. Dbari u zu teyi bir'ine, zu zi dem'ch'i. E zor әzm, ԝәki ch’l u… …

Kurdish- 1 hezirane 1949 sale temam dibe 28 saliya firqa komuniste Çinestane. Şveta mirova, ew ji tifaltiye, ji zarotiye, ji xorttiye u ahiltiye derbasdibe. Firqa komuniste Çinestane diha ne zar u tifale, 20 salen kijane kû temam nebuye. Ew gihiştiye qam… … Guide to the World's Languages ​​by Script

KURDISH- KURDISH, oh, oh. 1. see Kurds. 2. Relating to the Kurds, their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as their places of residence, their internal structure, history; like the Kurds. K. language (Iranian group... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

• Etymological dictionary of the Kurdish language. In 2 volumes. Volume 2. N-Z, R.L. Tsabolov, Two-volume etymological dictionary (vol. I was published in 2001) fills a significant gap in Kurdish historical linguistics. The history of Kurdish vocabulary is being developed: the separation of the original... Category: Philological sciences in general. Particular philologies Publisher: