Pronouns in French table. Pronouns in French. Unstressed personal pronouns

Personal pronouns in French they are divided into verbal and independent. Verbal pronouns are auxiliary forms, since they always stand with the verb, forming one rhythmic group with it, and usually they are not under stress. As a result, they are called unstressed personal pronouns. Independent personal pronouns always have their own stress and are called stressed.

Unstressed personal pronouns

They have various forms that perform the functions of the subject in the sentence,

Pronouns direct objects replace nouns direct objects (no prepositions) with a definite article or with a demonstrative/possessive adjective .

Pronouns indirect objects replace animate nouns indirect objects with the preposition à.

!!! Some verbs with the preposition à require the use of stressed forms of pronouns (penser à, s'adresser à, s'habituerA, s'interesserA, fair attentionà, ... - For a complete list, see the link in paragraph 3)

Subject	direct complement	indirect addition
je (j') - I	me (m') - me	me (m') - to me
tu - you	te (t') - you	te (t’) - to you
il - he; elle - she	le (l ') - his, la (l ') - her	lui - to him, to her
nous - we	nous - us	nous - to us
vous - you	vous - you	vous - to you
ils, elles - they	les - them	leur - them

Truncated forms (j', m', t', l') are placed before words beginning with a vowel or silent h.

All unstressed personal pronouns are placed before the verb (with the exception of the affirmative imperative):

Nous envoyons un colis.- We are sending a package.

Il nous envoie un colis. - He sends us a package.

But: Envoie-nous un colis. — Send us a parcel.

If two pronouns-complements (direct and indirect) are used in a sentence, then the following word order is observed:

1) if the pronouns refer to different persons, then the indirect pronoun-addition is put first, then the direct one:

Il me le donne. — He gives it to me.

2) if the pronouns are of one person (3rd), then the direct pronoun-addition is put first, then the indirect one:

Ile lui donne. — He gives it to him.

3) in the affirmative form of the imperative mood, both pronouns are placed after the verb, with the indirect object in the last place:

Donnez-le-leur! — Give it to them!

Donnez-le-moi! — Give it to me!

Personal stressed pronounsmoi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles

These are pronouns used either independently (no verb) , or with prepositions to express relations of oblique cases :

Qui est la? -Moi.- Who's there? - I.

Je pense à lui. — I think about him.

In a sentence, personal stressed pronouns can perform the functions of the subject, direct and indirect object and the nominal part of the predicate.

1. IN subject functions stressed pronoun occurs in the following cases:

• To logically highlight the subject, if it is expressed by an animate person:

Moi, je ne comprends rien.- And I don't understand anything.

Tu es heureux, toi. — And you are lucky.

• When a verb has a noun and a pronoun or two pronouns as its subject, the stressed pronoun is used instead of the unstressed pronoun:

Mon frere et moi, nous viendrons vous voir. — Me and my brother, we will come to you.

• In incomplete sentences (without a predicate), which are the answer to the question:

Qui a fait cela? - Moi. — Who did it? - I.

• When comparing:

Comme toi. — How are you.

• In exclamatory-interrogative sentences, where the predicate is expressed by the infinitive:

Moi, mentir? — For me to lie?

• In participial revolutions:

Lui parti, nous nous sommes mis à travailler. — He left and we got to work.

2. IN complement functions personal stressed pronoun occurs in the following cases:

• If they want to highlight an addition expressed by an unstressed pronoun:

Tu l'aimes, lui. — And you love him.

• In incomplete sentences:

Qui avez vous vu hier? - Louis. — Who did you see yesterday? - His.

• In the function of indirect object after various prepositions:

Je suis parti sans lui. — I left without him.

• After some verbs (listed in item 3) that require the use of the preposition à:

Je pense à lui. — I think about him.

3. IN functions of the nominal part of the predicate the personal stressed pronoun occurs in combination with the verb être (c'est, ce sont):

C'est moi, ce sont eux. — It's me, it's them.

personal pronoun y

Pronoun y replaces an inanimate object noun preceded by the preposition à or sur :

Je pense à ce film. - J'y pense. - I'm thinking about this film. - I'm thinking about him.

Also, this pronoun can replace whole sentence introduced with the preposition à . In this case, the pronoun y = à cela (to this, about this, …):

Je pense à ce que j'ai vu. - J'y pense. — I think about what I saw. - I'm thinking about it..)

personal pronoun en

1) Pronoun en replaces inanimate object noun preceded by the preposition de:

Personal pronouns in French replace the noun, a group of words previously mentioned.

a) Est-ce que les eleves ont rendu leurs devoirs au professeur? — Oui, ils les lui ont rendus. - Students handed in their

assignments for the teacher? Yes, they gave them to him.

b) Aimez-vous jouer aux échecs? - Oui, j'aime beaucoup y jouer. - Do you like to play chess? Yes, I love playing them.

c) Voulez-vous encore du the? - Non, merci, je n'en veux plus. — Would you like some more tea? No thanks, I don't want any more.

d) Est-ce que tu sais que Francois va se marier? — Oui, je le sais. Do you know that François is getting married soon? - Yeah, I know.

Subject pronouns

Unstressed verbal pronouns are always used with a verb and indicate the person and number of the verb:

Je suis arrivé à Paris vers 9 heures du soir. I arrived in Paris at 9 o'clock in the evening.

Cette plante a besoin de soleil et elle pousse bien dans le Midi. This plant needs sun and grows well in the south.

Pourriez-vous fermer la fenêtre? - Could you close the window?

Note: The pronoun il is sometimes used in sentences with an impersonal verb, in which case it is not translated into Russian.

I fait froid. - Cold. Il est 10 heures. - 10 hours.

Stressed independent personal pronouns in French are used:

a) to highlight the subject or object:

Moi, je vais à la plage et toi, qu'est-ce que tu fais? - I'm going to the beach, and you, what are you doing?

Je ne connais pas M. et Mme Leroi, mais leurs enfants, eux, je les connais tres bien. - I do not know Mr. and Mrs. Leroy, but their children, them, I know very well.

b) with unions et, ou and with the negation of ni:

Les enfants et moi, nous avons passé l'après-midi au zoo. The kids and I, we spent the afternoon at the zoo.

Ni lui ni elle ne parlent français. Neither he nor she speak French.

c) in c’est… construction:

Est-ce que c'est le directeur de l'école? - Oui, c'est lui. -Is this the principal of the school? — Yes, it is.

d) in short answers:

Je vais faire du ski cet hiver, et vous? My aussi. — I will ski this winter, and you? - Me too.

e) replace the pronoun-subject when the verb is implied:

Comme toi, j'adore la musique de Mozart. Like you, I adore Mozart's music.

Jacques est plus agé que moi. Jacques is older than me.

e) as part of a subject or complement with homogeneous members. In such a situation, a generalizing verbal unstressed personal pronoun is placed before the predicate-verb:

Jacques et moi, nous irons au cinema. — Jacques and I, we'll go to the cinema.

Ta mere et toi, vous partez pour Paris. “You and your mother, you are going to Paris.

e) after prepositions:

Elle aime beaucoup son grand-père, elle parle souvent de lui. She loves her grandfather very much and often talks about him.

Il part avec moi. - He's coming with me.

Complementary verbal pronouns

Here is the table as an image:

Note: The pronouns me, te, le, la become m᾽, t᾽, l if the verb begins with a mute consonant h or a vowel.

Il l'achète (ce journal) le matin. He buys it (the newspaper) in the morning.

Je t'appelle. - I'm calling you.

Est-ce que tu as vu Sophie recemment? - Oui, je l'ai vue samedi. Have you seen Sophie recently? Yes, I saw her on Saturday.

Les Dumas, je les connais depuis dix ans. - The Dumas family, I've known them for ten years.

Est-ce que tu m'ignores? - Non, je ne t'ignores pas. -Are you ignoring me? No, I'm not ignoring you.

Ma soeur t'a telephone hier soir. My sister called you last night.

J'ai écrit à Lucie pour lui souhaiter un bon anniversaire. I wrote to Lucy to wish her a happy birthday.

Note: Stressed independent personal pronouns in French are used after the verbs penser à qn, songer à qn, etc. and after reflexive verbs requiring the preposition à (s’intéresser à, s’adresser à, etc.):

Je parle a Paul. I'm talking to Paul. Je lui parle. - I'm talking to him.

Je pense à Paul. — I'm thinking about Paul. Je pense à lui. -I'm thinking about him.

Je telephone a Jeanne. I'm calling Jeanne. Je lui telephone. - I'm calling her.

Je m'adresse a Jeanne. I'm talking to Jeanne. Je m'adresse à elle. - I'm talking to her.

They are part of speech indicating, but not naming the subject. If in Russian it is permissible to use a pronoun with a noun, then in French pronouns never coexist with nouns. In total, six categories of pronouns can be distinguished - pronoms personnels (personal pronouns), pronoms démonstratifs (demonstrative pronouns), pronoms relatifs (relative pronouns), pronoms possessifs (possessive pronouns), pronoms indéfinis (indefinite pronouns) and pronoms interrogatifs (interrogative pronouns).

This type of pronouns is divided into two subtypes - independent and verbal pronouns. Only independent pronouns have their own stress, as a result of which they are called “stressed”, while verbal pronouns are always used with a verb and form one rhythmic group with it, that is, they do not have their own stress and are called “unstressed”. Only verbal pronouns are inflected. As a subject, they use je, tu, il and elle (I, you, he, she) - singular personal pronouns and nous, vous, ils, elles (we, you, they) - plural personal pronouns. Direct objects can be me, te, la, le (me, you, her, him) - singular pronouns and nous, vous, les (us, you, them) - plural pronouns. Me/moi (for me), te/toi (for you), lui (for him/her), nous (for us), vous (for you) and leur (for them) act as an indirect object.

Examples of using personal pronouns:

Georges vous donne mon dessin (George gives you my drawing).

Il lui raconte sa nouvelle (He tells him his story).

Demonstrative pronouns are used to replace repeated nouns in sentences. Distinguish between inflected and invariable pronouns. Depending on the number and gender of the noun, an inflected pronoun is selected, which is used in the sentence. Celui / celle (that / that) and ceux / celles (those) are inflected demonstrative pronouns of a simple form. With the help of particles ci and là, complex forms of inflected demonstrative pronouns are formed, which indicate the location of an object or person in space in relation to the speaker. The invariable demonstrative pronouns include Ce (C’) and ceci, cela, ça, equivalent to the Russian “it”. Ce (C’) can be used with the verb être as a subject and can act as an antecedent (replacing the previous speech unit with a pronoun). ceci, cela, ça, are used as the subject of all other verbs and can replace or introduce an idea and a statement.

Examples of using demonstrative pronouns:

Les gants de Robert sont noirs, ceux de Michel sont rouges (Robert's gloves are black, Michel's gloves are red).

Ils sont étudiants (They are students).

The role of possessive pronouns is to replace nouns with possessive adjectives. The definite article must be used before the possessive pronoun in a sentence. It is important to remember that possessive pronouns must agree with the noun they replace in gender and number, as well as in number and person with the owner of the subject. So, if we are talking about one owner and one object for the first person, the pronouns le mien / la mienne (my / mine / mine) are used, for the second person le tien / la tienne (your / yours / yours), for the third person - le sien/la sienne (his/her). If one owner and several objects are meant, then in the first person les miens / les miennes (mine) are used, in the second person - les tiens / les tiennes (yours), and in the third - les siens / les siennes (his / her). When referring to a single object that has multiple owners, le nôtre/la nôtre (ours/ours) is used for the first person, le vôtre/la vôtre (your/yours) for the second person, and le leur/la for the third person. leur (them). In the event that several owners have a lot of objects, les nôtres / les nôtres (ours) is used in the first person, les vôtres / les vôtres (yours) in the second person, and les leurs / les leurs (theirs) in the third person.

Examples of using possessive pronouns:

C'est sa voiture. (This is his car) - C'est la sienne (This is his (car)).

C'est leur voiture. (This is their car) - C'est la leur (This is theirs).

In French, relative pronouns are used to replace a noun in a subordinate clause or to connect a main clause with a subordinate clause. All relative pronouns are divided into simple and complex. Simple pronouns include pronouns that have an invariable form - que, quoi, qui, où, dont (what, who, where, with). Compound pronouns are formed by merging a pronominal adjective and a definite article of the gender needed in this case - lesquelles (which), laquelle (which), lequel (which), lesquels (which). It should be borne in mind that the correct spelling is continuous, but each part can change in gender and number.

Examples of using relative pronouns:

Le maître que je vois rarement… (The teacher I rarely see…).

Je n'écoute pas ce que tu dis (I don't listen to what you say).

Interrogative pronouns in French

This type of pronoun includes all simple relative pronouns, with the exception of dont and où. Interrogative qui applies only to persons and can act in a sentence as a subject, indirect and direct object or nominal part of a predicate. The interrogative que is used only with inanimate objects and can only be a direct object or nominal part of a predicate. The interrogative pronoun quoi is also used with inanimate objects and is most often an indirect object that is used with a preposition. Compound pronouns can be used in interrogative sentences (with the exception of duquel) as a subject, direct object, indirect object, or circumstance.

Examples of using interrogative pronouns:

Qui saute? (Who is jumping?)

Qu'est-ce qui s'est passé? (What's happened?)

The last, sixth type of pronouns gives only a general idea of ​​the quality and quantity of the objects they define. The indefinite pronouns personne (no one) and rien (nothing) can be used as part of negative constructions ne ... persone and ne ... rien and used independently. Tout is a neutral indefinite neuter pronoun, used in the singular, equivalent to the Russian "everything". It can play the role of both a pronoun and a subject. The indefinite adjectives toute and tout can be translated as "all" and "all" if used in a sentence before a noun as pronouns. They are used with possessive or demonstrative adjectives or articles, and also with city names.

Examples of using indefinite pronouns:

Elle ne fait rien à l'école (She does nothing at school).

Toute l'Angleterre (All England).

Pronouns…

In the case of French pronouns, these tricky words can drink a lot of blood - in some cases it is extremely difficult to remember which pronoun replaces what, and in what order the pronouns follow each other within the same sentence. How to understand all these "he", "us", "to her", "for them" in French?

In this article, we have compiled a clear, concise and complete instruction on how to get rid of repetitive nouns in a sentence and use pronouns to give your speech a true French idiomatic.

• Unstressed personal pronouns

Personal pronouns always agree in gender and number with the person or thing they replace in the sentence. These pronouns may look insignificant and tiny, but they instantly give sentence structure completeness and conciseness and show that you understand how a French phrase is built according to the laws of the language.

1) Personal pronouns that replace the subject

You came across these pronouns right away in your first French lesson, because without them it is impossible to form a single sentence, and it is on them that the form of the conjugated verb depends. So, the pronouns that stand in the sentence in place of the subject:

1 l. units hours - je/j'- I
2 l. units hours - tu- You
3 l. units hours - il/elle/on- he she
1 l. pl. hours - nous- We
2 l. pl. hours - vous- you, you
3 l. pl. hours - ils/elles- They

Jacques etait en retard. - il etait en retard. ( Jacques late. - He late).

2) Pronouns that replace the direct object

Je t'aime! Tu m'aimes! - I love you! You like me!

Well, we started, right? These two phrases are known to 99% of everyone who is not indifferent to French, but we just have to figure out that they contain pronouns that replace direct objects.

So, first of all, consider all the pronouns of this group:

1 l. units hours - me/m'- me
2 l. units hours - te/t'- you
3 l. units hours - le/la/l'- his her
1 l. pl. hours - nous us
2 l. pl. hours - vous- you
1 l. pl. hours - les- their

We remind you that truncated forms of pronouns (j’, m’, t’, l’) are placed when the word following it begins with a vowel or silent “h”.

Je mange le gateau. - Je le mange. (I eat cake. - I his eat.)

Tu aimes les films francais. - Tu les aimes.(You love French films. - You their love.)

Attention: A pronoun always agrees in gender and number with the noun it replaces. Yes, you have to keep an eye on this, but that's French.

3) Pronouns replacing indirect object

1 l. units hours - me/m'- to me
2 l. units hours - te/t'- you
3 l. units hours - lui- to him to her
1 l. pl. hours - nous- us
2 l. pl. hours - vous- to you
2 l. pl. hours - leur- them

As you can see, these pronouns are similar to those that replace the direct object, but they perform a different function - they replace the noun in the sentence, which is used with a preposition.

Attention: the pronoun system differs in the forms of 3 l. units hours and 3 liters. pl. hours: direct objects are replaced by le/la/les, indirect additions - on lui/leur.

Examples to see this in practice:
Je demand a ma mere.- Je lui demande. (I ask my mother. - I ask her).
Je donne le cadeau aux enfants. - Je le leur donne. (I give a gift to children. - I give his them.)

Don't worry about two pronouns in a row in the last sentence just yet - there's a great hack at the end of this article on how to remember the correct pronoun order in a sentence.

How do you know when to use one pronoun and when to use another? Look for an offer. If the noun is preceded by a preposition, it is definitely an indirect object.

4) Personal stressed pronouns

It is quite possible that the stressed pronoun was the first French word in your life - you could, for example, in response to the question “Qui est là?” answer "Moi!".

These pronouns perform different functions and are used in a large number of constructions. Most often they appear in a sentence when it is necessary to place a logical stress on the subject:

1 l. units hours - moi
2 l. units hours - toi
3 l. units hours - lui/elle/soi
1 l. pl. hours - nous
2 l. pl. hours - vous
3 l. pl. hours - eux/elles

In total, there are 11 ways to use stressed pronouns in a sentence, let's focus on the most common ones:

• After C'est or Ce sont.
  C'est toi qui laves la salle de bain. - You clean the bathroom.
• When there are several subjects in a sentence - a noun and a pronoun or two pronouns.
  Michel et moi avons fait du shopping. Michelle and I went shopping.
• When a question is asked.
  Je suis content, et toi? - I'm happy, and you?
• After suggestions.
  Chez lui, sans elle- at his house, without her
• in comparative designs.
  Nous sommes plus rapides qu' eux. We are faster than them.
• When indicating ownership.
  Cette tarte est a elle. This cake belongs to her.

Everything, you can get out of the blow and move on to the most interesting.

5) Reflexive pronouns

Let's finish talking about personal pronouns on reflexive pronouns and those verbs with which they are used. To everyone whose native language is Russian, reflexive verbs seem redundant and illogical. But in French they are common, and if you forget about the reflexive particle, you can completely distort the meaning of the whole sentence.

Me, te, se, nous, vous, se- reflexive pronouns that are part of reflexive verbs:

se laver - to wash
se casser - break (some part of the body)
s' habiller - to dress

Pronouns change in person and number during verb conjugation:
Je me lave.
Tu te laves.
il se lave.
nous nous lavons.
Vous vous lavez.
Ils se lavent.

Probably, for the first time, you can feel like a complete idiot, saying out loud nous nous lavons, but reflexive pronouns always agree with the subject in gender and number, and in some cases there is such a funny coincidence in forms.

• Impersonal pronouns

6) Non-personal pronouns that act as the subject

Ce, il- analogues of the impersonal "it" in English. In general, they are interchangeable, but ce more often used in informal communication.

Examples:
il est possible que… - It is possible that…
C'est moi. - It's me.
il est nouveau. - It's new.
C'est fini! - Finished!

7) Relative pronouns

These pronouns act as a link between the main and subordinate clauses in a complex sentence. A total of 5 relative pronouns, each with its own precisely limited scope of use.

The pronoun replaces the direct object in the subordinate clause. In function and usage, it can be compared with "that" in English, their fundamental difference is that the English "that" in a sentence can often be omitted, while the French "que" must be present in the sentence. Compare for yourself:

Où est la chose que j'ai achetee hier? Where is the item I bought yesterday?

The pronoun replaces the subject in the subordinate clause and in some cases resembles the English "who":

Je voudrais un prof qui donne pas de devoirs. - I would like to study with a teacher who does not give homework.

However, the pronoun qui can also apply to inanimate objects:

Cependant, le prof donne des devoirs qui nous aident à apprendre. - However, the teacher gives us homework that helps us learn.

In the last example qui refers to a noun devoirs(homework).

• Lequel/Laquelle/Lesquels/Lesquelles

These beautiful and melodic pronouns replace indirect objects with a preposition.

Attention: if the noun denotes a person, you must use the combination "preposition + qui».

french lequel in some cases it can be similar to the English "which":

Je n'ai pas lu la letter a laquelle tu as repondu. - I didn't read the letter you replied to.

• Don't

For indirect objects with a preposition de French has a separate pronoun dont, which can be compared with the English "whose" or "that".

It is often used in sentences with a prepositional verb such as Parler de(talk about something) avoir besoin de(to need something) or avoir peur de(to be afraid of something).

For example:

Le pronom dont j'ai peur! - suggestion, whom I'm afraid!

This pronoun indicates a place in space and is often the same as the English "where":

C'est la où j'ai mange hier. - That's where I ate yesterday.

Interestingly, the pronoun où can also indicate a time circumstance:

Mercredi, c'est le jour où je pars. - Wednesday is the day I leave.

8) Adverbial pronouns

To our luck, French, generous with pronouns, in this case was limited to only two - y And en.

Y à + noun, while en replaces a noun in combination de + noun.

These pronouns are both extremely important and are used in virtually every phrase. You could already remember some set phrases in which these pronouns are present: il y a...(analogue of the English "there is") or J' en ai un(I have one]). Let's see where else they live.

Let's start with examples:

Je voudrais aller a Paris. - Je voudrais y aller. (I would like to go to Paris. - I would like to go there.)

Il pense a l'éte dernier. -Il y pense. (He thinks about last summer. - He thinks about him.)

This pronoun can also replace a whole sentence, which is introduced using the preposition à :

Je pense à ce que j'ai lu. -J' y pense. (I think about what I read. - I think about it.)

Attention: at this stage, pronouns are already easy to get confused. Y used instead of a noun in combination à + inanimate noun. Don't confuse it with lequel, which is used as an allied word, or with lui/leur, which replace the indirect object expressed by an animate noun denoting a person.

Again, examples first:

Ma mere prepare des pates. - Ma mere en prepare. (Mom is cooking pasta).

Pronoun en can also act as a substitute for a noun in the combination "numeral / adverb of quantity + noun":

Il a beaucoup de bonbons. -Il en a beaucoup. (He has a lot of sweets. - He has their a lot of.)
Elle a deux liveries.-Elle en a deux. - She has two books. - She has their two.

Attention: pronoun en should always be used when talking about the amount of something. So, you can't say J'ai un.In this form, it will at best be regarded as the beginning of a sentence J'ai un…livre. To say "I have one", you need to insert a pronoun en: J'en ai un.

9) Indefinite pronouns

autres- other
chacun, chacune- each, each
certain, certaine- some, some
plusieurs- many, many
quelqu'un- anyone
tout- All
tous, toutes- All

Attention: Most indefinite pronouns are combined with a verb in the form of 3 l. units h.

LIFE HACK!

As promised, we show a way to correctly arrange pronouns in a sentence. Do you know the French children's song "Frère Jacques"? Whenever you think where to put le, And where to - lui sing to the tune of the song:

me, te, nous, vous
me, te, nous, vous
le, la, les
le, la, les
lui, leur
lui, leur
y
en
y
en

Now you can easily give out furious turns at first glance like “ Je le lui ai donne!

Independent personal pronouns
Forms of independent personal pronouns

units part 1. my face i
2. face toi you
3. face lui elle he she
pl. part 1. face nous we
2. face vous you
3. face eux elles they they
The use of independent personal pronouns
Personal independent pronouns can be used independently (without a verb) in the following cases:

Personal pronouns as direct object

Personal pronoun forms - direct object
units part 1. face me me
m" me before vowels and mute h
2. face te you
t" you before vowels and mute h
3. face le him
l" it before vowels and mute h
la her
l" her before vowels and mute h
plural 1.person nous us
2. face vous you, you
3. face les them
Do not forget that the personal pronoun, which acts as a direct object, also drops the fluent -e before vowels and silent h. This applies especially to sentences in the past complex burden formed with the verb avoir. For example: je l "ai vu (e), tu l" as vu (e), etc.
Using the personal pronoun as a direct object
It replaces the direct object and agrees with it in gender and number. For example:
masculine
faces
Est-ce que vous avez vu Jean ? Oui, nous l'avons vu.
Est-ce que vous avez vu les garcons? Oui, je les ai vus.
feminine
Est-ce que vous avez vu Brigitte ?
Oui, je l "avons vue.
Est-ce que vous avez vu les filles?
Oui, je les ai vues.
Items
masculine
Est-ce que Eric lit ce livre? Oui, il le lit.
Est-ce que vous lisez ces livres? Oui, nous les lisons.
feminine
Est-ce que vous lisez cette revue? Non, nous ne la lisons pas.
Est-ce que vous lisez ces revues? Non, nous ne les lisons pas.
Place of the personal pronoun-direct object in the sentence
1. The personal pronoun-direct object comes before the conjugated verb.
In a negative sentence, the negative element ne comes before the personal pronoun and the conjugated verb, followed by the element pas. If in a sentence the predicate is in the complex past or in the long-past burden, then the personal pronoun is in front of the conjugated form of the auxiliary verb.
La télé t "intéresse? - Oui, elle m" intéresse.
- Non, elle ne m "interesse pas.
Est-ce que vous avez achete les journaux? - Oui, nous les avons achetes.
- Non, nous ne les avons pas achetes.
2. If verbs are used in an infinitive construction, then the personal pronoun comes before the infinitive.
Est-ce que tu vas ecouter la radio?
- Oui, je vais l "écouter.
- Non, je ne vais pas l "écouter.
Est-ce que tu peux ranger ta chambre?
- Oui, je peux la ranger,
- Non, je ne peux pas la ranger.
3. In affirmative winning sentences, the personal pronoun is attached to the verb with a hyphen.
Maman, est-ce que je peux inviter mes amis? Oui, invite-les.
Personal pronouns as an indirect object
Forms of personal pronoun-indirect object
units h.
1. face me i
m" to me before vowels and mute h
2. te face to you
t" to you before vowels and mute h
3. face lui to him, her
pl. h.
1. face nous to us
2. face vous you you
3. face leur im
The table shows that forms 1 and 2 of the singular and plural me, te, nous, vous coincide with the forms of pronouns-direct objects.
The use of a personal pronoun as an indirect object
In most cases, the indirect object names persons and animals.
The indirect object form is the same for both masculine and feminine.
masculine
Tu donnes ton adresse à Jean ? units number
Oui, je lui donne mon adresse.
plural Vous écrivez à vos amis?
Oui, nous leur écrivons.
feminine
unit Tu vas repondre a Sandra? Non, je ne vais pas lui repondre.
pl. number Vous pouvez téléphoner à mes amies ? Oui, nous pouvons leur
telephoner.
In Russian in 3 liters. units h. The personal pronoun in the role of an indirect object has the form of both feminine and masculine. In French, the form is the same for both genders. For example:
I give him the book. I give her the book.
Je donne un livere a Michel. Je donne un livre à Marie.
Je lui donne un livre.
Place of personal pronoun-indirect object in a sentence
1. The personal pronoun-indirect object stands before the conjugated verb. In a negative sentence, the negative particles ne and pas appear before and after the personal pronoun and the conjugated verb, respectively. If in a negative sentence the predicate is used in the complex past or in the long past tense, then the personal pronoun is in front of the conjugated form of the auxiliary verb.
Brigitte, tu telephones à tes amies? - Oui, je leur telephone.
- Non, je ne leur telephone pas.
Est-ce que tu as montre les photos à ton copain? - Oui, je lui ai montre les photos.
Non, je ne lui ai pas montre les
photos.
2. If verbs are used with the infinitive, then the personal pronoun comes before it.
Est-ce que tu vas ecrire à ta grand-mère? - Oui je vais lui ecrire.
- Non, je ne vais pas lui ecrire.
In Russian, an indirect object usually comes before a direct object.
Il me le donne. She gives it to me.
Ile lui donne. He gives it to him.
Il nous le donne. He gives it to us.
Ile leur donne. He gives it to them.